[kictanet] KICTANet Digest, Vol 164, Issue 18
Ali Hussein
ali at hussein.me.ke
Thu Jan 20 13:17:36 EAT 2022
Barrack
You don't agree with the solutions, suggestions I have given? You are
asking KENHA and KURA for a solution? LOL! My answer - let them sort out
their shit first (pardon my language).
Regards
*Ali Hussein*
Fintech | Digital Transformation
Tel: +254 713 601113
Twitter: @AliHKassim
Skype: abu-jomo
LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
<http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely
mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
organizations that I work with.
On Thu, Jan 20, 2022 at 11:56 AM Barrack Otieno <barrack at kictanet.or.ke>
wrote:
> @Ali Hussein <ahussein at kictanet.or.ke>
> even Viusasa charges 10 bob sio bure. Adrian has pointed out the
> challenges Infrastructure is facing with the increased usage. To keep the
> Infrastructure going we have to find a way of paying for it. Maybe someone
> from KENHA or KURA can chip in at this point.
>
> Regards
>
> On Fri, Jan 14, 2022 at 6:26 AM Ali Hussein via KICTANet <
> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>
>> Adrian
>>
>> Thank you for sharing and reviving the Net Neutrality issue. I love the
>> way you've broken this down and provided some possible solution. However, I
>> think you may need to add a possible third solution:-
>>
>> The Internet is an Information Super Highway so why not borrow from how
>> we use the Highway?
>>
>> 1. A lane for slow cars
>> 2. Another one for high speed cars
>> 3. Another for trucks
>> 4. Another for huge trucks.
>>
>> And the common denominator here is that highways are public
>> infrastructure and public infrastructure is managed by government. Get my
>> drift?
>>
>> The reason I'm looking at this in such a way is that Net Neutrality is
>> supposed to protect all players not just BigTech. For example, we MUST
>> protect local initiatives like Viusasa from this nonsense of ISPs charging
>> content providers for access. I will remain a diehard supporter of Net
>> Neutrality. However, I recognize that not all sizes fit all and as time
>> changes then so must we. The fundamentals of Net Neutrality should remain
>> but how we execute them can be nuanced to different situations.
>>
>> One last thing - if we allow each car manufacturer to build its own
>> highway network what would the world come to? This is what BigTech is doing
>> with all it's initiatives for internet access. This is where Policy Makers
>> the world over are completely missing the point. This is what is creating
>> all this confusion.
>>
>> Is it time to declare the Networks that serve us all Public Utilities and
>> regulated as such? This might not be the most popular thing to say but here
>> we are...
>>
>> Ali Hussein
>>
>> Tel: +254 713 601113
>> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>> Skype: abu-jomo
>> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Fri, Jan 14, 2022, 4:19 AM Adrian Teri via KICTANet <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>>> Good day all,
>>>
>>> It's time to revisit the topic of net neutrality which in my opinion
>>> hasn't been quite fleshed out.
>>>
>>> ISPs in the early days, circa the '90s, had assumptions that today no
>>> longer hold true. From my reading, users were expected to do light tasks
>>> like check their email, surf the web and occasionally download some files.
>>> Well these assumptions have taken ~30 years to validate and they are being
>>> broken down!
>>>
>>> Reality today is that innovations have further pushed and strained the
>>> net. The "inter networks" is just a collection of networks and computers
>>> communicating with each other. In the early days, large orgs or
>>> corporations had mutual and voluntary agreements of peering into each
>>> other's networks where the value of the traffic was assumed at the end of
>>> day/month etc would be balanced between what a peer pushed through you and
>>> what you pushed through them.
>>>
>>> Fast forward to today, Content companies are the ones pushing all the
>>> bandwidth down and there is no reciprocity. What happens to switches and
>>> their buffers at the ISPs? They start to drop packets as they are being
>>> saturated/bogged down by the spikes. What happens to all other traffic like
>>> people doing a web search, scrolling through emails, reading blogs etc?
>>> They will all be affected by packet loss, slower pings(higher RTTs) and
>>> increased jitter(packet delay). The other ISP's customers will simply be
>>> given priority!
>>>
>>> Yes, it was a failure on the ISPs when they were building their business
>>> models but at the end of day something has to give. And yes, there is
>>> prioritization in traffic like for voice and video. VOIP packets have
>>> priority tags(are moved up the queue) and ever wonder why in
>>> networks(mobile or WI-FI) you are defaulted to a lower quality compared to
>>> the speeds? Well ISPs are forcing you down these selections at the start as
>>> they don't want you hitting their networks as much. See bandwidth or
>>> traffic shaping. The notion of "net neutrality" inaugurating "speed" lanes
>>> is simply untrue; they have existed but of concern here is *paid
>>> prioritization* or in some instances large ISPs having conglomerates
>>> favouring their own content provider(s).
>>>
>>> There are generally two solutions from the ISPs perspective:
>>>
>>> (1). Make the end users have variable pricing for their "WI-FI" bills
>>> just like you pay for what you consume with electricity & water, *which
>>> we(as consumers) highly dislike* *for the internet* or,
>>> (2). Have a fixed charge for your fixed data customers and make the
>>> content and whoever will innovate high bandwidth products pay for the
>>> spikes/elevated/bursts. They already have a relationship with their
>>> customer and they can easily track their usages. They collect from their
>>> customers and pay the ISPs who are presumed to have aggregates of bandwidth
>>> overages for each content/high bandwidth pushing company.
>>>
>>> No. 2 is what happens in bills for colocations and some hosting
>>> provider's bandwidth/fibre. There is a committed and burstable data rate.
>>> This is the classic 95th(95-5) percentile billing model.
>>>
>>> An interesting read by Steven Levy: In the Plex HOW GOOGLE THINKS, WORKS
>>> AND SHAPES OUR LIVES, PART FOUR: GOOGLE'S CLOUD chapter 2: "My Job was to
>>> get in the car, get on a plane, go find data centers." accounts how #Google
>>> in their earlier days squeezed terabytes of indexed data from west to east
>>> coast colocation facilities in ~15 - 18 hour bursts per month. They then
>>> literally turned off their router ports for 28-29 days per month and their
>>> bandwidth costs would be zero!
>>>
>>> I haven't touched on #Netflix's Open Connect, a caching solution
>>> installed at an ISP's large router(s), as only *5% *of traffic is
>>> delivered through it. However, the reporting is ~ 10 yrs old and would be
>>> happy to see newer numbers. Also, there was a notable unfairness where
>>> #Netflix was paying and setting up infrastructure at #Comcast but expected
>>> the opposite from small ISPs.
>>>
>>> Finally, I don't see how 5G will cool this problem as it occurs at the
>>> exchanges and peering points.
>>>
>>> Yours Kindly,
>>> Adrian
>>>
>>> On Tue, 12 Oct 2021 at 11:15, <kictanet-request at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>> wrote:
>>>
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>>>> Today's Topics:
>>>>
>>>> 1. Re: Should streaming services pay ISPs for increased traffic?
>>>> (Josiah Mugambi)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>> From: Josiah Mugambi <josiah.mugambi at gmail.com>
>>>> To: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>> Cc:
>>>> Bcc:
>>>> Date: Tue, 12 Oct 2021 11:13:57 +0300
>>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Should streaming services pay ISPs for
>>>> increased traffic?
>>>> Almost certain that Netflix content is mirrored in Korea given that:
>>>> - Netflix hosts on AWS
>>>> - AWS has availability zones
>>>> <https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/regions_az/>
>>>> in Seoul
>>>>
>>>> This
>>>> <https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/30/south-korean-isp-sk-broadband-counterclaims-against-netflix-for-bandwidth-usage-fees/>
>>>> is also interesting:
>>>>
>>>> "Meanwhile, another global streaming giant, Disney Plus, is set to
>>>> launch in South Korea in November. Disney Plus reportedly plans to use
>>>> third-party content delivery networks (CDNs) instead of using ISP’s
>>>> networks to avoid the bandwidth usage fees."
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 1:27 PM Kathy Mwai via KICTANet <
>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> I don't think that YouTube presents the same traffic problem to ISPs
>>>>> that Netflix does. (By the way I'm an on and off Netflix subscriber so I
>>>>> haven't particularly experienced any issues watching any big hyped shows
>>>>> like the game of thrones or the Squid games at the moment) The nature of
>>>>> Netflix content is similar to the movie theatres. When it's a
>>>>> blockbuster being premiered like with the Bond movie this last week, the
>>>>> traffic to the movie theaters is more as I experienced last weekend: But
>>>>> not when it's just kawaida movies, and YouTube never churns out content in
>>>>> this fashion, so we could remove them from the notorious list for now.
>>>>>
>>>>> That being said, if anything I think it should only be Netflix
>>>>> incentivising a rounded up figure not the content providers and if it means
>>>>> Netflix deducts a cost from the content providers to forward to the ISPs,
>>>>> so be it I suppose? At the end of the day, content gets broadcast as that
>>>>> is the intention. Perhaps I'm being naive in imagining a perfect world
>>>>> where such good business practices exist, but what if really? Or maybe once
>>>>> 5G becomes ubiquitous the conversation will change...
>>>>>
>>>>> On Mon, 11 Oct 2021 at 13:09, Odhiambo Washington <odhiambo at gmail.com>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> So, if Netflix, YT, and all the other content providers decide to
>>>>>> incentivise, how will they measure how much the incentive has worked? And
>>>>>> how much value do they get from their funds?
>>>>>> Will the ISPs be incentivised based on the traffic volumes to the
>>>>>> content providers or just a rounded up figure?
>>>>>> Perhaps the best way out of this is for the ISPs to come together and
>>>>>> ask the content providers to put their content infrastructure locally
>>>>>> (mirror the content) so that their int'l bandwidth is left
>>>>>> untouched???
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 12:58 PM Kathy Mwai via KICTANet <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This seems to me to be a Business Sustainability Strategy for
>>>>>>> Netflix, because if users don't have a good experience with its content as
>>>>>>> a result of slow speeds, will people want to keep subscribing for a service
>>>>>>> they feel they may not get the full experience of? And I suppose envisaging
>>>>>>> this situation could be the reason why they have different packages based
>>>>>>> on your pipe output. Netflix and content providers obviously majorly depend
>>>>>>> on ISPs for the success of their undertaking, and so I feel that it is good
>>>>>>> business practice for Netflix to incentivise ISPs to enable them
>>>>>>> upgrade their services. And that they should probably do that especially in
>>>>>>> geographies where they have high subscriptions and not just in the US, and
>>>>>>> to be proactive about it. This way everyone stays in business...
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Sat, 9 Oct 2021 at 09:53, Ali Hussein via KICTANet <
>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> @Mwendwa Kivuva <kivuva at kictanet.or.ke> and all
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I think ISPs are not being realistic. On one hand they squeeze us
>>>>>>>> on 'fair usage' on the other hand they are squeezing content providers for
>>>>>>>> 'over using' their pipes. If content creation is so lucrative why not get
>>>>>>>> into it?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Let me remind everyone the principles of Net Neutrality -
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> *Net neutrality is the concept that states that organizations, such
>>>>>>>> as Internet service providers, should treat all data on the internet
>>>>>>>> equally. It promotes a free and open internet, where users can access
>>>>>>>> content without restriction, provided the content does not violate any
>>>>>>>> laws.*
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> If we allow this loop hole you suggest where does it end? Let's
>>>>>>>> take a look at our local scenario in Kenya.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Safaricom is already in the content business. If we allow this
>>>>>>>> liberal interpretation of Net Neutrality it won't be long before they
>>>>>>>> demand gatekeeping charges from Viusasa and other local content
>>>>>>>> providers...Which will create a clear conflict of interest.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Let's be careful. I have ALWAYS advocated for a clear Policy and
>>>>>>>> Regulatory interpretation of Net Neutrality Rules in this country. We are
>>>>>>>> yet to see any. MOICT and CA wako wapi?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Regards
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> *Ali Hussein*
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Fintech | Digital Transformation
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Tel: +254 713 601113
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Skype: abu-jomo
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
>>>>>>>> <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are
>>>>>>>> purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
>>>>>>>> organizations that I work with.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Fri, Oct 8, 2021 at 1:25 PM Mwendwa Kivuva via KICTANet <
>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Interesting angle Washington. It is indeed a chicken and egg
>>>>>>>>> situation.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> As a network engineer, you know the implication of the
>>>>>>>>> international transit data on the cost of running an ISP. Profitability of
>>>>>>>>> an ISP is based on the assumption that on average, the users will not
>>>>>>>>> consume more than fair quota, and if they do, other users using limited
>>>>>>>>> services but paying the same amount per package will compensate and balance
>>>>>>>>> out the cost, leaving some margin for profitability. If streaming services
>>>>>>>>> squeeze out this advantage from ISPs, which is very easy because you just
>>>>>>>>> leave the service running, and it consumes all bandwidth, what recourse
>>>>>>>>> does ISPs have? Increase the cost to consumers? Share the burden with
>>>>>>>>> commercial content providers? Degrade service offered by content providers?
>>>>>>>>> Where should the balance be?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Fri, 8 Oct 2021, 12:51 Odhiambo Washington via KICTANet, <
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> On Fri, Oct 8, 2021 at 12:38 PM Mwendwa Kivuva via KICTANet <
>>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> In the United States, Netflix has been paying a fee to broadband
>>>>>>>>>>> provider Comcast Corp for faster streaming speeds.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> South Korea's ISP SK Broadband has sued Netflix to pay for costs
>>>>>>>>>>> from increased network traffic and maintenance work because of a surge of
>>>>>>>>>>> viewers to the U.S. firm's content.
>>>>>>>>>>> Seoul court said Netflix should "reasonably" give something in
>>>>>>>>>>> return to the internet service provider for network usage, and multiple
>>>>>>>>>>> South Korean lawmakers have spoken out against content providers who do not
>>>>>>>>>>> pay for network usage despite generating explosive traffic.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> other content providers such as Amazon, Apple and Facebook are
>>>>>>>>>>> paying SK Broadband for usage of the network.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Should content providers compensate network providers for
>>>>>>>>>>> increased traffic to their network? Is this a net neutrality issue where
>>>>>>>>>>> all content should be treated equally?se or personalize, respect privacy,
>>>>>>>>>>> do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> How is my usage of my services I am paying my ISP for being
>>>>>>>>>> interpreted as "usage by my content provider"?
>>>>>>>>>> Is this the chicken-and-egg situation I have been hearing about?
>>>>>>>>>> I am already paying my ISP. If I didn't, they'd not even see the
>>>>>>>>>> traffic to Netflix, YT, etc.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Content providers compensating network providers for increased
>>>>>>>>>> traffic to their network seems like stealing for me. The content providers
>>>>>>>>>> are not using the ISP network. It's the client who pays for the link who
>>>>>>>>>> does. Do ISPs want to give FREE connections to me so that I can use
>>>>>>>>>> Netflix, YT, HBOMax and have these content providers pay them for my own
>>>>>>>>>> traffic?
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>>>>>>> Odhiambo WASHINGTON,
>>>>>>>>>> Nairobi,KE
>>>>>>>>>> +254 7 3200 0004/+254 7 2274 3223
>>>>>>>>>> "Oh, the cruft.", egrep -v '^$|^.*#' :-)
>>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
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>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/kivuva%40transworldafrica.com
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT
>>>>>>>>>> policy engagement platform.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
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>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
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>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
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>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/kathymwai%40gmail.com
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>> *Dream and Your Dreams Will Fall Short <kathymwai at gmail.com>...*
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
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>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/odhiambo%40gmail.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> --
>>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>>> Odhiambo WASHINGTON,
>>>>>> Nairobi,KE
>>>>>> +254 7 3200 0004/+254 7 2274 3223
>>>>>> "Oh, the cruft.", egrep -v '^$|^.*#' :-)
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>> *Dream and Your Dreams Will Fall Short <kathymwai at gmail.com>...*
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>
>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/josiah.mugambi%40gmail.com
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and institutions
>>>>> interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet is a
>>>>> catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology sector.
>>>>> Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity Building,
>>>>> Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>
>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>
>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Josiah Mugambi
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> KICTANet mailing list
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>>>
>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
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>>>
>>>
>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and institutions
>>> interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet is a
>>> catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology sector.
>>> Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity Building,
>>> Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>
>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>
>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>> engagement platform.
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> KICTANet mailing list
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>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
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>>
>>
>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and institutions
>> interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet is a
>> catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology sector.
>> Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity Building,
>> Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>> engagement platform.
>>
>
>
> --
>
> *Barrack Otieno*
> *Trustee*
> *Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTAnet)*
> *Skype:barrack.otieno*
> *+254721325277*
>
> *https://www.linkedin.com/in/barrack-otieno-2101262b/
> <https://www.linkedin.com/in/barrack-otieno-2101262b/>*
> *www.kictanet.or.ke <http://www.kictanet.or.ke>*
>
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