[kictanet] Yawe migrates to Digital TV

Fri Jul 20 10:23:28 EAT 2012

cck is still the regulator in yawe's case and just to test if that process
works, i say lodge a complaint (assuming the service provider is actually
non compliant) and lets see where this rabbit hole ends.

For the last two weeks now I have been asking where these policy documents
are. are they part of open data and i missed something?

It will be way harder to sort things out once 20 million set top boxes are
in the market. in a discussion yesterday a friend asked whether you can do
a remote firmware update on an STB. a seemingly silly question but very
valid considering the rapid change of technology. we do need to have a look
at those requirements/policy documents if only to satisfy my curiosity.

gitau

On Fri, Jul 20, 2012 at 10:14 AM, Odhiambo Washington <odhiambo at gmail.com>wrote:

> Hi Robert,
>
> There are several FTA channels. They are those prefixed with SIGNET-*
>
> I have a Garmin device which has built-in DVB-T1 which is receiving these
> channels.
>
> When this issue came up, I went to DSTv offices and asked them what would
> happen with my  STB suppose I did not renew my subscription and they said
> that I would still be able to view those FTA channels prefixed with SIGNET.
>
> I therefore think your experience is solely a misnomer on the part of the
> vendor who provided you with the STB and I think you should sue! ;-)
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, Jul 20, 2012 at 9:47 AM, robert yawe <robertyawe at yahoo.co.uk>wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> Confirmed, there are currently no free to air digital channels.
>>
>> My subscription expired yesterday and there was no single channel
>> available.
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Robert Yawe
>> KAY System Technologies Ltd
>> Phoenix House, 6th Floor
>> P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200
>> Kenya
>>
>> Tel: +254722511225, +254202010696
>>   ------------------------------
>> *From:* "bitange at jambo.co.ke" <bitange at jambo.co.ke>
>> *To:* robertyawe at yahoo.co.uk
>> *Cc:* KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>> *Sent:* Wednesday, 11 July 2012, 13:10
>>
>> *Subject:* Re: [kictanet] Yawe migrates to Digital TV
>>
>> Macharia,
>> I assumed you have been following the debate.  Ordinariry we have been
>> broadcasting in Standard Definition or SD.  This format is oll technology
>> that makes people look fat on the screen.  High Definition or HD tends to
>> give you an image closer to what you look in real life.  Better we now
>> have 3D that is is even better but you will have to use special glass to
>> see the effect.  Research is getting closer to get rid of the special
>> glasses.  Soon we shall get even better technologies in broadcasting.
>>
>> In transmission we have several technologies including Satelitte or Direct
>> to Home (DTH) and Digital Terrestrial TV (DTT) which removes the aspect of
>> multiple infrastructure for Analogue TV the one we are used to.  To
>> convert the digital signal to analogue TV you need a converter called a
>> Set Top Box (STB).  This is a temporary measure until new digital TVs are
>> in the market.
>>
>> The question was whether the set top can transmit both the SD and HD using
>> the current STBs in the market.  I then responded that in DTH, the
>> Personal Video Recorder (PVR) does that easily.
>>
>> PVR is a generic term for a device that is similar to a VCR but records
>> television data in digital format as opposed to the VCRs analog format.
>> VCRs utilize analog tapes to record and play programs broadcast over
>> television, but PVRs encode video data in MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 formats and
>> store the data in a hard drive. PVRs have all of the same functionality of
>> VCRs (recording, playback, fast forwarding, rewinding, and pausing) plus
>> the ability to instantly jump to any part of the program without having to
>> rewind or fast forward the data stream.
>>
>> I hope this helps.
>>
>>
>> Ndemo.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> > These acronyms are giving me a headache. Can't you geeks communicate in
>> > simple English?
>> >
>> > Macharia Gaitho
>> >
>> >
>> > On Jul 10, 2012, at 19:49, "bitange at jambo.co.ke" <bitange at jambo.co.ke>
>> > wrote:
>> >
>> >> John,
>> >> Thanks for elaborating on these technologies.  Although I have not
>> tried
>> >> to play both SD and HD in any STB, the DTH PVR does it easily and I
>> >> would
>> >> suppose some STBs would have PVR capabilities.
>> >>
>> >> Regards
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Ndemo.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>> Wash
>> >>> On my house still lies a Dish I used to receive internet 'downlink
>> >>> service'
>> >>> from intersat via DVB. the uplink was a traditional dialup, when I
>> >>> moved
>> >>> to
>> >>> work at a Telco (Safaricom) I used service 951 for uplink, later
>> >>> gprs/edge
>> >>> and when 3G/HSDPA came I stopped the DVB service. I forgot about DVB
>> in
>> >>> the
>> >>> general sense.
>> >>>
>> >>> Today
>> >>> DVB-T2 holds so much promise. there is what badru put out but best of
>> >>> all
>> >>> is the fact that the chipsets in use can be easily extended to do so
>> >>> much
>> >>> more. that most are running quite a bit of readilly available open
>> >>> distro's
>> >>> based on open standards is awesome and means you can do things like
>> >>> provide
>> >>> internet services for the masses if a service provider is so inclined
>> >>> to
>> >>> do
>> >>> so, push messages, use it as part of your connected home etc.
>> >>>
>> >>> Today I am lucky to be involved with two projects that deal with these
>> >>> technologies. there is an interesting convergence of technologies and
>> >>> ideas
>> >>> such that while I am traditionally a 'networking guy', they might need
>> >>> multicast in the future, Im also curious but: to take advantage of the
>> >>> technologies end to end, it would be nice to know what the minimum
>> >>> requirements set are, then an entreprenurial fellow can figure out
>> what
>> >>> value adds to throw in. This could be anything from localization to
>> >>> customizing the boards and operating systems/firmware with additional
>> >>> interfaces, like wifi or a fridge magnet:-).
>> >>>
>> >>> It is also the same technology DSTV use to do mobile TV. probably
>> using
>> >>> T2-lite. It is combined with the SIM card for admittance or lets just
>> >>> call
>> >>> it authentication and billing. Now technically you could have another
>> >>> interface maybe a permanent IPv6 to help admittance ia all the tools
>> >>> you
>> >>> are used to like diameter. Do you start to see the potential? the
>> >>> moment
>> >>> you throw IP in the world just opens up.
>> >>>
>> >>> I'm also curious to see the quality requirements. Note in as much as
>> >>> STB's
>> >>> will be standardized, some operators might transmit lets say NTV in HD
>> >>> while another does it in SD. The HD would definately cost abit more
>> >>> based
>> >>> on network resources consumed so the whole free to air remains free
>> >>> will
>> >>> also be an interesting one to watch.
>> >>>
>> >>> Lastly what DVB-T2 doesn't do LTE will take and carry home. When the
>> >>> broadcasters release the frequencies for LTE. I guess listers and
>> >>> creatives
>> >>> here have their work cut out for them. Just like we are leading in
>> >>> mobile
>> >>> innovation, we can take this one on as well.
>> >>>
>> >>> now who said you cant be productive in traffic, or type long mail on
>> >>> mobile
>> >>> devices?:-)
>> >>>
>> >>> Gitau
>> >>>
>> >>> Sent from my Ipad
>> >>> On Tue, Jul 10, 2012 at 6:24 PM, Odhiambo Washington
>> >>> <odhiambo at gmail.com>wrote:
>> >>>
>> >>>> +1 for this contribution, Badru. You've almost mirrored what John
>> >>>> Gitau
>> >>>> asked in his last post.
>> >>>>
>> >>>> I am tempted to ask Dr. Ndemo how they (CCK) arrived at the
>> >>>> specification
>> >>>> for the STBs. Were stakeholders involved? Were citizens input
>> >>>> solicited?
>> >>>> I
>> >>>> am sure John Gitau would have had the platform to raise his questions
>> >>>> if
>> >>>> this was done.
>> >>>> In the Kenyan context, it was T1, then at some point it was almost
>> SDB
>> >>>> (or
>> >>>> what do they call that South American one), before the decision
>> makers
>> >>>> resolved that it would be DVB-T2.
>> >>>> I think it's almost too late for Kenyans to decide on the
>> >>>> specifications.
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>> On Tue, Jul 10, 2012 at 3:30 PM, Badru Ntege <ntegeb at one2net.co.ug>
>> >>>> wrote:
>> >>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> Some new stbs are running on android which effectively means that we
>> >>>>> should be able to deliver internet services to the home. Some of the
>> >>>>> boxes
>> >>>>> on the market even support wifi.
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> We need to think out of the box to solve our connectivity challenge
>> >>>>> to
>> >>>>> the home.  african countries now have the opportunity to create a
>> >>>>> specification that manufacturers will create solutions for.  Just
>> >>>>> think
>> >>>>> of
>> >>>>> the order quantity if Kenya said that all stbs should have full
>> >>>>> Internet
>> >>>>> capabilities.  The tools are here but we are still trying to fix
>> >>>>> problems
>> >>>>> with conventional thinking i think we should set the bar.  The
>> market
>> >>>>> will
>> >>>>> deliver they cannot afford to ignore continent of 1 billion people.
>> >>>>> However as long as we tow the itu line we will always end up with
>> >>>>> others
>> >>>>> peoples solutions to our unique problems.
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> So Africa needs to set the standard and then market will have to we
>> >>>>> can
>> >>>>> even start with an east african standard
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> Badru Ntege
>> >>>>> CEO
>> >>>>> NFT Consult Ltd
>> >>>>> Www.Nftconsult.com
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> "Vision without execution is hallucination."
>> >>>>> -- Thomas A. Edison
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> On 8 Jul 2012, at 19:51, bitange at jambo.co.ke wrote:
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>> Robert,
>> >>>>>> Free to Air must remain free.  This is why we need cheaper
>> >>>>>> converters
>> >>>>> that
>> >>>>>> the current STBs.  Check the pricing on Internet.  They are as
>> cheap
>> >>>>> as
>> >>>>> 5
>> >>>>>> dollars.  Big operators want expensive STBs in order to accomodate
>> >>>>> they
>> >>>>>> conditional access channels.  We need SMEs to bring in the low end
>> >>>>> DVBT2
>> >>>>>> STBs.  We are letting the opportunity pass those who need business
>> >>>>> most.
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>> Regards
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>> Ndemo.
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Hi Daktari,
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Now that I have migrated I am more interested with what is going
>> >>>>>>> on.
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> There is a bit of confusion about the free to air channels are
>> they
>> >>>>> to
>> >>>>>>> remain available or not?
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Regards
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Robert Yawe
>> >>>>>>> KAY System Technologies Ltd
>> >>>>>>> Phoenix House, 6th Floor
>> >>>>>>> P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200
>> >>>>>>> Kenya
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Tel: +254722511225, +254202010696
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> ________________________________
>> >>>>>>> From: "bitange at jambo.co.ke" <bitange at jambo.co.ke>
>> >>>>>>> To: robert yawe <robertyawe at yahoo.co.uk>
>> >>>>>>> Cc: bitange at jambo.co.ke; KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions
>> >>>>>>> <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>> >>>>>>> Sent: Sunday, 24 June 2012, 22:04
>> >>>>>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Yawe migrates to Digital TV
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Robert,
>> >>>>>>> Thank you for being a great Ambassador.  With competition you are
>> >>>>> going to
>> >>>>>>> see the price of set top drom to as little as Ksh. 500.  I hear
>> >>>>>>> some
>> >>>>> with
>> >>>>>>> conditional access will be offering popular bouque of some 50
>> >>>>> channels
>> >>>>> for
>> >>>>>>> $2 (two) dollars a month.
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> I know of new venacular entrants coming in in less than a month.
>> >>>>> More
>> >>>>>>> content will also come from edutainment which in my view from what
>> >>>>>>> I
>> >>>>> have
>> >>>>>>> seen is world class.  Perhaps this may be the greatest opportunity
>> >>>>> to
>> >>>>>>> revive our own lanuages.
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Regards
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> Ndemo.
>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Hi Listers,
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Wanted to inform you that on the 19th of June 2012 I migrated
>> from
>> >>>>>>>> analogue to digital TV reception, the signal is crystal clear not
>> >>>>> like
>> >>>>>>>> the
>> >>>>>>>> graining images I have been accustomed to over the past many
>> >>>>>>>> years.
>> >>>>> The
>> >>>>>>>> move was necessitated by the need for some of my house-mates to
>> >>>>> watch
>> >>>>>>>> Tusker Project Fame, I went VoD many months ago.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> To put an issue to rest especially those in the media who have
>> >>>>>>>> been
>> >>>>>>>> spreading malicious roamers about the migration that I did not
>> buy
>> >>>>> a
>> >>>>>>>> digital TV set.  All I bought was a decoder for 2,999/- which I
>> >>>>> plugged
>> >>>>>>>> into old faithful and "pap" I can now receive clear digital
>> >>>>>>>> signal.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> It was encouraging to note that all the current free to air
>> >>>>> channels,
>> >>>>>>>> some
>> >>>>>>>> of which I did not even know existed, have jumped onto the
>> >>>>> transmission
>> >>>>>>>> including NTV, KTN and Citizen which makes you wonder what all
>> >>>>> those
>> >>>>>>>> legalise was about.  The quality of the various channels is
>> >>>>> glaring,
>> >>>>>>>> something that was not visible with the analogue signal.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> To get a more holistic experience I also paid for the basic
>> >>>>>>>> bouquet
>> >>>>> for
>> >>>>>>>> 500/- a month, the offering was not disappointing but the number
>> >>>>>>>> of
>> >>>>>>>> channels is mind boggling especially having been there during the
>> >>>>> days
>> >>>>>>>> of
>> >>>>>>>> single channel VOK (Voice of Kenya).  I only wish they could
>> allow
>> >>>>> me
>> >>>>>>>> create my own selection of channels to receive, the standard
>> >>>>> offerings
>> >>>>>>>> make me feel like I am in a straight jacket.  Yes, this is what
>> >>>>> happens
>> >>>>>>>> when you enlighten people, 2 days ago I was comfortable receiving
>> >>>>>>>> 6
>> >>>>>>>> horrible free to air channels today I am demanding a la Carte.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> All of you out there who where saving to buy expensive digital TV
>> >>>>> sets
>> >>>>>>>> you
>> >>>>>>>> can take 2,999/- of that money and migrate to digital TV today.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Regards
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> PS.  I just took the device home handed over to my son who within
>> >>>>> 15
>> >>>>>>>> minutes had it up and running, held on to the remote.
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Robert Yawe
>> >>>>>>>> KAY System Technologies Ltd
>> >>>>>>>> Phoenix House, 6th Floor
>> >>>>>>>> P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200
>> >>>>>>>> Kenya
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Tel: +254722511225,
>> >>>>>>>> +254202010696_______________________________________________
>> >>>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
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>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/bitange%40jambo.co.ke
>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
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>> >>>>>>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
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>> >>>>>>>> the
>> >>>>> ICT
>> >>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >>>>>>>> development.
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>> >>>>>> _______________________________________________
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>> >>>>> platform
>> >>>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>> and
>> >>>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the
>> >>>>> ICT
>> >>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >>>>> development.
>> >>>>>>
>> >>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>> >>>>> behaviors
>> >>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>> >>>>> bandwidth,
>> >>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>> >>>>> privacy,
>> >>>>> do
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>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> _______________________________________________
>> >>>>> kictanet mailing list
>> >>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> >>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>> >>>>>
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/odhiambo%40gmail.com
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>> >>>>> platform
>> >>>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>> and
>> >>>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the
>> >>>>> ICT
>> >>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >>>>> development.
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>> >>>>> behaviors
>> >>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>> >>>>> bandwidth,
>> >>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>> >>>>> privacy,
>> >>>>> do
>> >>>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>> >>>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>> --
>> >>>> Best regards,
>> >>>> Odhiambo WASHINGTON,
>> >>>> Nairobi,KE
>> >>>> +254733744121/+254722743223
>> >>>> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
>> >>>> I can't hear you -- I'm using the scrambler.
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>> _______________________________________________
>> >>>> kictanet mailing list
>> >>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>> >>>>
>> >>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>> >>>>
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jgitau%40gmail.com
>> >>>>
>> >>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>> >>>> platform
>> >>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> >>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the
>> >>>> ICT
>> >>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >>>> development.
>> >>>>
>> >>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>> behaviors
>> >>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>> >>>> bandwidth,
>> >>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>> privacy,
>> >>>> do
>> >>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>> >>>>
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>> --
>> >>> **Gitau
>> >>> _______________________________________________
>> >>> kictanet mailing list
>> >>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> >>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>> >>>
>> >>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>> >>>
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/bitange%40jambo.co.ke
>> >>>
>> >>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>> platform
>> >>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> >>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the
>> ICT
>> >>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >>> development.
>> >>>
>> >>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> >>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>> >>> bandwidth,
>> >>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy,
>> >>> do
>> >>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> _______________________________________________
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>> >> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> >> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> >> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> >> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>> >> development.
>> >>
>> >> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> >> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>> >> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize,
>> respect
>> >> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>>
>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Best regards,
> Odhiambo WASHINGTON,
> Nairobi,KE
> +254733744121/+254722743223
> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
> I can't hear you -- I'm using the scrambler.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> kictanet mailing list
> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>
> Unsubscribe or change your options at
> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jgitau%40gmail.com
>
> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>
> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>

-- 
**Gitau
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