<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi @Adam, now let's get <font size="4" color="#0000ff"><b>down </b></font>on this<br><br></div><br><img width="0" height="0" class="mailtrack-img" alt="" style="display:flex" src="https://mailtrack.io/trace/mail/2314851ec1c8ccb38c7f76d88feee186640c220f.png?u=4792897"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 28, 2021 at 9:45 AM Adam Lane <<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com">adam.lane@huawei.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Hi Twahir<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">USF did a webinar a month or so ago to share the draft findings of the updated report. It is much more accurate than KNBS. I attach two screenshots,
if I may, below.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>Surprised that there was silence on such an important issue. There is nothing on CA's website on the matter, a search on Professor Google on Access Gaps report returns the 2016. I wonder, was this an invite only event or was this supposed to be for the public at least the ICT people who would have a word or two on the matter.</b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>Wondering if the event was recorded, and if presentations from it can be shared.</b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>@KICTANET probably it would be good to organise a session with CA to delve into that report plus USF utilisation. Unfortunately there is no information regarding to what has been done so far OR it is there but not accessible; either way that info is critical. </b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>As Kenyans would say "vitu kwa ground ziko different"; both coverage maps you have given show areas that appear on the maps as covered by the telcos but in reality are not. I would be very specific, there is are areas that I can pinpoint that there is almost 0% coverage of either 1 or both the networks: -</b></font></div></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>Kilifi County - Sokoke, Mabirikani, Mlima wa kuku, Adu etc</b></font></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>Kwale County - Majoreni, Wasini Island</b></font></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>Lamu Island - Airtel you have to be seated in an elevated area to get good reception to go online.</b></font></div><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b><br></b></font></div></div></blockquote><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>The Access Report unless it was done from a theoretical point of view on HOW FAR the coverage is, the reality is very far off.<br></b></font><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="ZH-CN"><div class="gmail-m_-323459993804097441WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">If CNs can be for-profit, and also cover a large area, how is the license any different to existing licenses for tier 1, tier 2 or tier 3 NFPs? The
only difference is the low fees. In which case, just remove the fees for the other licenses and there is no need for a specific CN license… and with those fees lowered, the hundreds of existing tier 1, tier 2, tier 3 licensees may be more willing to venture
into some of those areas you mention.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><font size="4" color="#0000ff"><b>Adam, the modus operandi of MOST CNs is to get backhaul from the big boys (read Liquid, Safaricom, Airtel etc) and drop it down to areas where the big boys won't go. This doesn't affect the Telcos bottom line rather it boostes it. What was otherwise unconnected has become connected via the existence of CNs, thus the argument that they should be wrapped up together with the guys who actually give them internet to connect the unconnected tastes a bit sour.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" color="#0000ff"><b><br></b></font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="ZH-CN"><div class="gmail-m_-323459993804097441WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">On the other hand, if there are already ISPs around those areas, the issue is not supply, as I mentioned previously, it is all about demand: lack
of affordable devices, lack of affordable energy, lack of relevant content, lack of skills, lack of awareness and so on. I 100% agree that these issues must be addressed, but a licensing framework for CNs or even ISPs will not address a single one of those
issues. Those are issues to be addressed by USF, Industry players (including ourselves) and everyone else.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><font size="4" color="#0000ff"><b>Agreed. However, lets analogise on this. Supposing the area MP came to the local school to give exercise books and the pupils don't have text books, would it be wrong for them to put an ask for text books too? This is the scenario, CA has opened a communication channel for spectrum to address CNs; Wanjiku is simply riding the wave to want other aspects of CN also addressed. Admittedly they might end up not being addressed, but word is out that this isn't enough other aspects need to be put in place to have the issue wholesome.</b></font> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="ZH-CN"><div class="gmail-m_-323459993804097441WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Affordability is of course a critical issue too, and no doubt lowering licensing fees for tier 1s, tier 2s and tier 3s will help somewhat if the
CA were willing or able to do that. But affordability is also a complex issue. In supplying a network there is infrastructure, backhaul, power, customer acquisition, customer service, billing systems, CRM systems and much more besides. And of course the license
fees, corporate taxes etc. On the demand side there are also other issues, including VAT on airtime/data for example.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><font color="#0000ff" size="4"><b>This is where CNs come to play. Where a Telco would give you 10GB and 400 minutes talk time at 1000, CNs would offer "unlimited" internet for much less. Most likely the speeds would be lower, hower they are sufficient for one to get buy and that is the value addition of CNs to the Internet Supply chain. Let's not fight them as biting into our cake rather let's look at them as extending the market to areas where we had no reach.</b></font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="ZH-CN"><div class="gmail-m_-323459993804097441WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">It would be a very worthwhile conversation and a necessary strategy to have in terms of addressing all these other issues above, but very different
to this discussion on a licensing framework for CNs. Just giving a CN a license will not address any of those demand-side issues or any of those other supply-side issues. We need to acknowledge that.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Adam<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><img width="1152" height="720" id="gmail-m_-323459993804097441_x0000_i1026" src="cid:179b6cbe6164ce8e91"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><img width="1152" height="720" id="gmail-m_-323459993804097441Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:179b6cbe6165b006a2"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> Twahir Hussein Kassim [mailto:<a href="mailto:twahir@hussein.me.ke" target="_blank">twahir@hussein.me.ke</a>]
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<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 28, 2021 12:24 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Adam Lane <<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com" target="_blank">adam.lane@huawei.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] Licensing and Shared Spectrum Framework for Community Networks for Kenya online discussion<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Adam,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Some info that CA gives is not in tandem with what KNBS states. See my
<b><span style="color:rgb(33,150,243)">comments</span></b> below<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Thu, May 27, 2021, 5:45 PM Adam Lane via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Hi Mwendwa</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">The framework is a positive step. Though Kenya has some of the best connectivity on the
content, the CA has estimated that around 4% of the population do not have broadband network coverage and the business models of providing it in those areas are difficult (expensive to provide, few users, users have low incomes etc). Whether Community Networks
are able to provide networks in those circumstances and at scale may be unclear but they should certainly be given a chance.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243);background:white">Kenya has a youthful rural population; the latest data from the census 2019 by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) reveals. In this
case, 35.7 million Kenyans (75.1%) are below 35 years, while 32.73 million (68.9%) live in rural areas.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Source:
<a href="https://kenyanwallstreet.com/census-2019-datashows-kenya-has-a-youthful-rural-population/" target="_blank">
https://kenyanwallstreet.com/census-2019-datashows-kenya-has-a-youthful-rural-population/</a> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Given these details, I wonder how we can reconcile the figure to 4% not covered by broadband.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">The framework is definitely a step in the right direction.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">I also want to commend the report for noting the critical issue of demand-side aspects
of broadband usage (awareness, skills, access to devices, relevant local content etc). Addressing those issues are beyond the scope of the regulatory framework which is for licensing, but certainly it is good to note that Community Networks might be more willing
to invest in those areas, and thus benefit from having more users.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">The aim of the framework while stated is for licensing however, the licensing is focused on addressing a bigger issue - The Digital Divide. </span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">If the license were not to focus on matters digit literacy, availability of digital devices, power then it will simply be putting regulation over nothing. The Digital
Divide is very real and it cannot be addressed piece meal.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Since the stated purpose of the framework is to provide network coverage where it does
not exist, my suggestion would be that Community Networks should certainly be given a chance in those un-served areas, and in those areas (88 sub-locations with 0 coverage, 239 sub-locations with <50% coverage for example) the CA needs to provide some efforts
to reduce the costs of providing networks, including lower licensing fees, and lower spectrum costs. This should be for any operator, whether a community network, ISP or MNO. Since currently it is difficult for community networks to register, then certainly
it is a good idea to make it easier for them to register and try to build a viable network.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Unserved areas exist within cities. Take an example of Nairobi; we have Poa Internet, Tunapanda serving the masses where major telcos have failed. The question is
not only about coverage but also about affordability.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Mombasa has Muoroto, Bangladesh, Kisumu Ndogo... all remain unserved. Yet the town is teaming with all ISPs fighting for businesses within CBD and industrial areas
of Shimanzi.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">However it is strange that the suggested size is of “sub-county” rather than sub-location
or ward; and strange that there is no limitation on location such as “no existing network coverage”. I would recommend a limitation on the size to be much smaller than sub-county, and more importantly, I would recommend a limitation on the community network
to operate in areas that are un-served by other network providers (these areas are now well known following the Access Gaps Study this year).</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Limiting areas for CNs to the neighborhood would make no sense in as far as CNs normally operate. Take examples of CNs in Africa...</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">Zenzeleni - <a href="https://zenzeleni.net/our-journey/" target="_blank">https://zenzeleni.net/our-journey/</a> it covers at least a span of 60km if not more by now. This is equivalent
to the distance between Mombasa and Kilifi, Mombasa and Kwale, etc. CNs should not be restricted within locations.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,150,243)">The last ACCESS GAPS Study am aware of was done in 2016, as per CA's website an EOI is dated to begin and end on 27/05/2021 - </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="https://ca.go.ke/document/expression-of-interest-eoi-for-consultancy-services-to-undertake-ict-access-gaps-study-in-kenya" target="_blank">https://ca.go.ke/document/expression-of-interest-eoi-for-consultancy-services-to-undertake-ict-access-gaps-study-in-kenya</a></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">/</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">The way the current framework is written would allow community networks to operate in
sub-counties of Nairobi or any other cities/towns, and be in direct competition to MNOs and ISPs, which I don’t believe is the purpose of the framework.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Should the purpose of the framework be to address affordability issues of broadband (i.e.
if affordability is one barrier of broadband usage along with devices access, skills, awareness, content, power etc), then I believe a different regulatory strategy could be developed to address this. This framework for community networks should be limited
to areas that are un-served only.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Regards</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Adam</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> kictanet
[mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Badam.lane" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+adam.lane</a>=<a href="mailto:huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Mwendwa Kivuva via kictanet<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 27, 2021 9:28 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Adam Lane <<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com" target="_blank">adam.lane@huawei.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Mwendwa Kivuva <<a href="mailto:Kivuva@transworldafrica.com" target="_blank">Kivuva@transworldafrica.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [kictanet] Licensing and Shared Spectrum Framework for Community Networks for Kenya online discussion</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Listers,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">As we had indicated, today we will have a discussion on the Licensing and Shared Spectrum Framework for Community Networks for Kenya that was issued by the Communications
Authority of Kenya, available for <a href="https://ca.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Licensing-and-Shared-Spectrum-Framework-for-Community-Networks-May-2021.docx.pdf" target="_blank">
direct download here</a>. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Today, we will discuss the licensing aspect of the community networks. and tomorrow about the shared spectrum framework.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The Community Network Licensing framework proposes;<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">1. Community Network Service Provider (CNSP) License to be created within the Unified Licensing Framework.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">2. The community network should be fully controlled by a non-profit entity and carried on for non-profitable purposes, encouraging members of the community to
participate in the governance, design, and operationalisation.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">3. Two letters of support from Community Leaders as part of the application process for CNSP to ensure community ownership<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">3. Geographical coverage of a CNSP will be a sub-county boundary<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">4. License period of 10years with License Application fee Ksh1000, Initial Operating License Fee Ksh 5000, and Annual Operating Fee Ksh5000.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">6. Spectrum Fee: Fee waiver for non-protected access to lightly-licensed and license-exempt frequency bands by wireless access systems<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">7. CNSPs would be exempt from USF contributions, while the USF implementation framework may include a community ICT development and/or capacity building component.
The authority shall further examine ways to ensure that community networks receive consideration under the future framework for the Universal Service Fund<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Questions:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">=========<br>
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- What are your comments on the proposed licensing framework?<br>
- What gaps have you identified in the proposed licensing framework? <br>
- How would you recommend addressing the identified gaps?<br>
- What recommendations do you have for CA to improve entry into the telecommunications market in Kenya?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Looking forward to an engaging discussion.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">______________________<br>
Mwendwa Kivuva, Nairobi, Kenya<br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mwendwa-kivuva" target="_blank">https://www.linkedin.com/in/mwendwa-kivuva</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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