<html><head></head><body><div class="ydpa2dc167eyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div id="ydpa2dc167eyiv3658351070"><div><div class="ydpa2dc167eyiv3658351070ydp700c0e21yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div id="ydpa2dc167eyiv3658351070ydp76b9a2f0yiv4741159797"><div class="ydpa2dc167eyiv3658351070ydp76b9a2f0yiv4741159797ydp1cefdaeeyahoo-style-wrap"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"></div>
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Well spotted Kelvin and thank you for initiating the discussion.</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Dear listers,<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">US sanctions against ZTE almost brought down ZTE - putting <span>75,000 jobs / families in China at risk (see link #1) </span>and sent shock-waves around the world - waking up a few sleepy corporations and complacent governments to the fact that there is no assurance that tomorrow will always be a clone of today. <br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">China's president Xi reportedly responded by rallying the country towards greater self resilience: "<span>We must cast away false hopes and rely on ourselves." <span>(see link #2)</span></span> But this was rather late.<span> You don't build resilience in times of crisis - there is simply not enough time - <span><span>hence Huawei's current exposure and its half-baked "plan B"! (see link #3)</span></span></span></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><span></span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><span>Policy analysts have to see far ahead, think beyond what is comfortable today and ask tough forward looking "what if.." questions (including unpleasant / "politically incorrect" questions like what if our "best friends" of today turn into our "worst enemies" tomorrow?). This is the only way to develop robust economic resilience strategies that bring genuine prosperity and stability.</span></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><span><br clear="none"></span></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">If someone had predicted, as recently as 2017, that Google would suddenly terminate its android partnership with Huawei, that person would have been sent to a mental asylum. If the person was an analyst they would have been discredited and shunned. The idea was simply <u>unthinkable</u>. <span><span>But here we are. <span><span>The unthinkable has materialized</span></span>.</span></span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Just ten years ago, few companies would have perceived the lucrative US and China trade relations as an existential risk - and many relied on the two-way supply chain entanglement (dual dependencies) as the sole mitigation strategy. Indeed this entanglement has softened the blow in many ways - but is it deep enough and balanced enough to justify exclusive reliance on it? (see link #4)<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">The US economy grew on innovations and that is why the US government, as well as corporations, are highly IP savvy (see link #12). They managed dependency risks from day one and never outsourced the most critical technology components or know-how. They also ensured that their markets relied mostly on homegrown technologies (see link #5) and developed total global dominance in operating systems - which means that the US indirectly controls the global application ecosystem (see link #6). <br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Russia <span><span>(see link #7)</span></span> and China only recently came to terms with these risks and have been scrambling to mitigate them by developing their home-grown tech ecosystem alternatives (including their own OS and "internet"). India is now pushing for sensitive economic data on their citizens to be stored within the country (see link #8) and prime minister Narendra Modi has been a strong advocate for "made in india" policies (see link #9) <u>which has led to billion dollar acquisitions of home grown companies.</u></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Compare the inbound M&A (FDI) scene for India, which was <b>US $58 Billion</b> in 2018 - and trending up - of which <b>$16 Billion</b> was the acquisition just one local tech company - Flipkart (see link #10), with Africa's <b>~$12.7B</b> (of which the bulk was in SA, Nigeria and *Mauritius*) - and trending down, due to high levels of uncertainty and corruption. <span>(see link #11)</span>.<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">The reason emerging super powers like China and Russia insist on homegrown technologies are both economic and geo-political (see link #13 & #14). It is the ability of countries to manage dependencies and develop strategic self sufficiency / resilience that creates a balance of power which boosts international order. You can't really claim sovereignty when your economic (thus political) stability heavily depends on another country (or a few private corporations / MNCs). That is why unilateral sanctions cripple poorly managed countries - but have less devastating effects on better managed ones (see link #22).</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">International relations theory describes the idea of anarchy as the fundamental basis for international relations (see link #15). There is really no such thing as a "global community" because people belong to countries which are (to varying extents) sovereign and independent. Global harmony (and trade balance) is maintained through primitive means - i.e. the threat of violence / mutual attrition risks / mutually assured destruction. Consequently it is naive (and negligent) for any country to bank on geopolitical extrapolations; and hence the need for countries to conduct regular strategic risk assessments and devise long-term risk mitigation policies.<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div><div><br clear="none"></div><span><span>This is why policies that promote supply chain diversity, economic resilience and homegrown technology alternatives are
so important, and quite urgent (especially in <i>laissez-faire</i> Africa). </span></span></div><div><span><span><br clear="none"></span></span></div><div><span><span>Huawei has, over the years, accumulated significant soft-power over Kenya's digital economy because MPESA - a critical and dominant financial service - reportedly runs exclusively on its platforms, and the only profitable telecommunications provider (Safaricom) - which government heavily relies on for dividends, taxes, communications, security and even elections, is heavily dependent on - and apparently locked-into - Huawei infrastructure (see link #16). </span></span>From a strategic policy perspective, this kind of <u>excessive single-point dependency</u> is unwise, dangerous and against public interest. It should not be allowed to persist as it could balloon, without warning, into unmanageable levels <span><span><span>(see link #17 and #18).</span></span></span> <br></div><div><br></div><div>Imagine a scenario where a foreign corporation can threaten government with immediate economic shut down (which can trigger countrywide riots) if it does not comply with demands that may not be in public interest. Or worse, at the behest of a foreign power, and the guise of plausible deniability, shuts down dependent services to spark dissent / chaos as leverage for advancing geopolitical agendas (like interfering with democratic elections or forcing major undesirable import/export/debt concessions against public interest). Other risks include advancing predatory (instead of growth oriented) economic policies, exacerbating poverty / inequality and stifling local MSME innovations by distorting market forces (see link #19 & <span><span>#20</span></span>). <br></div><div><br></div><div>These are the kind of "unthinkable" risks that our country is increasingly exposed to, if government is not careful. I therefore urge NCS, MoICT and our political leaders to deeply and urgently study these potential "national security" risks before it is too late, and start pushing for policies that boost economic resilience while mitigating against the risks of state / regulatory capture <span>(see link #21 for some ideas)</span>.</div><div><span><span><br clear="none"></span></span></div><div><span><span>This is not about <span><span><span>"nationalism" or "protectionism"</span></span></span>, it is about recognizing 21st century global realities and strategically developing long-term economic resilience, <u>while there is still time to do so</u>, to minimize the strategic risks associated with unmitigated economic dependencies. Global relationships are better when they are smart, strategic, realistic and meaningful.<br></span></span></div><div><span><span><br></span></span></div><div><span><span> Those who don't understand this will accept - without question - simplistic <span>neo-liberal propaganda </span>narratives like "supremacy of free markets" (<span>see link #23)</span>. Let us choose wisdom, over temporary convenience, on economic and sovereignty matters.<br clear="none"></span></span></div></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Good day!</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Links / References:</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">1. <span>ZTE - </span>75,000 jobs at risk (Trump's bargaining chip).<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/13/business/trump-vows-to-save-jobs-at-chinas-zte-lost-after-us-sanctions.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/13/business/trump-vows-to-save-jobs-at-chinas-zte-lost-after-us-sanctions.html</a></div><br clear="none"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">2. Effect of US ZTE ban<br clear="none"></div> <a shape="rect" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/technology/zte-china-us-trade-war.html?module=inline" style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/technology/zte-china-us-trade-war.html?module=inline</a><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">3. Huawei's "Plan B"</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-plan-b-mobile-os-988097/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-plan-b-mobile-os-988097/</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">4. Is Huawei ban a bargaining chip?<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"> <a shape="rect" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-05-21/is-huawei-a-trump-bargaining-chip-better-hope-so" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-05-21/is-huawei-a-trump-bargaining-chip-better-hope-so</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">5. US Smartphone market share.<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.counterpointresearch.com/us-market-smartphone-share/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.counterpointresearch.com/us-market-smartphone-share/</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">6. OS Marketshare in US<br clear="none"></div> <a shape="rect" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share" style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share</a><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">7. Putin Signs home-grown internet bill to boost cyber-resilience<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/05/01/putin-signs-internet-isolation-bill-into-law-a65461" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/05/01/putin-signs-internet-isolation-bill-into-law-a65461</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"> </div><div><div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">8. Reserve Bank of India mandates domestic storage of payments data<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/rbi-mandates-domestic-storage-payments-data-a-10798" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/rbi-mandates-domestic-storage-payments-data-a-10798</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">9. Make in India Campaign (Championed by <span>India's Prime Minister) </span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"> <a shape="rect" href="https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/major_initiatives/make-in-india/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/major_initiatives/make-in-india/</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">10. Indian companies log record $129 Billion in M&A deals in 2018<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.livemint.com/Companies/VD0HHHQHCUwiCjsxeTGCLN/Indian-companies-log-record-129-bn-in-MA-deals-in-2018.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.livemint.com/Companies/VD0HHHQHCUwiCjsxeTGCLN/Indian-companies-log-record-129-bn-in-MA-deals-in-2018.html</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">11. <span>Buyouts and mergers went down in Africa in 2018</span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="http://lepoint.mu/2019/01/25/buyouts-and-mergers-in-africa/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://lepoint.mu/2019/01/25/buyouts-and-mergers-in-africa/</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">12. Case Studies in US Trade Negotiation, Volume 1: Making the Rules<br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=NRcq3N-VbFgC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=us+government+ip+savvy#v=onepage&q=us%20government%20ip%20savvy&f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=NRcq3N-VbFgC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=us+government+ip+savvy#v=onepage&q=us%20government%20ip%20savvy&f=false</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">13. <span>Reasserting cyber sovereignty: how states are taking back control</span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/07/states-take-back-cyber-control-technological-sovereignty" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/07/states-take-back-cyber-control-technological-sovereignty</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">14. <span>Technology and Sovereignty </span><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1988-12-01/technology-and-sovereignty" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1988-12-01/technology-and-sovereignty</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">15. Concept of Anarchy in International Relations.</div><div><a href="http://internationalrelations.org/anarchy-international-relations/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://internationalrelations.org/anarchy-international-relations/</a> <br></div><div><br></div><div>16. <span>Kenya left in dilemma over Huawei as US-China trade war threatens to spill over</span><br></div><div><a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2001326399/kenya-left-in-dilemma-over-huawei-as-us-china-trade-war-threatens-to-spill-over" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2001326399/kenya-left-in-dilemma-over-huawei-as-us-china-trade-war-threatens-to-spill-over</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">17. <span>Who is more powerful – states or corporations?</span><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a href="https://theconversation.com/who-is-more-powerful-states-or-corporations-99616" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/who-is-more-powerful-states-or-corporations-99616</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">18. <span>Corporate Capture Threatens Democratic Government</span><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/news/2017/03/29/429442/corporate-capture-threatens-democratic-government/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/news/2017/03/29/429442/corporate-capture-threatens-democratic-government/</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">19. <span>Corporate power and human rights</span><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2015.1074458" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2015.1074458</a></div></div><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">20. <span>Taming corporate power: the key political issue of our age</span><br></div><div><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/08/taming-corporate-power-key-political-issue-alternative" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/08/taming-corporate-power-key-political-issue-alternative</a></div><div><br></div><div>21. <span>Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit it </span><br></div><div><a href="https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6bf1AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=countering+regulatory+capture#v=onepage&q=countering%20regulatory%20capture&f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6bf1AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=countering+regulatory+capture#v=onepage&q=countering%20regulatory%20capture&f=false</a></div><div><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">22. <span>Sanctions: An Analysis</span><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/202/41475.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/202/41475.html</a></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">23. Neo-liberalism as creative destruction</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"> <a shape="rect" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25097888?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/25097888?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents</a></div></div><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Brgds,</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Patrick.</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">Patrick A. M. Maina</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;">[Cross-domain Innovator | Independent Public Policy Analyst - Indigenous Innovations]</div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px;"><br clear="none"></div>
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On Tuesday, May 21, 2019, 10:29:50 AM GMT+3, Kelvin Kariuki via kictanet <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
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<div><div id="ydp59a8544dyiv3658351070ydp76b9a2f0yiv4741159797ydp7af92576yiv5618590897"><div dir="ltr">Dear Listers,<br clear="none">I hope this email finds you well, this is the current trending topic, I'd like to here your views on this topic from a Policy Perspective.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Are we overrelying on Global Techs? What are the possible repercussions if they pull out on us? Should Global Techs be declared Dominant to balance the market and reduce the risks of a failure? Feel free to add more questions. <div><br clear="none"></div><div>Looking forward to your views on this. <br clear="all"><div><br clear="none"></div>-- <br clear="none"><div class="ydp59a8544dyiv3658351070ydp76b9a2f0yiv4741159797ydp7af92576yiv5618590897gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Best Regards,<br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div></div></div></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:none;border-width:medium;padding:0px;"><div><div><div><div><font size="2">Kelvin Kariuki</font></div></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size:small;">Assistant Lecturer</span><br style="font-size:small;" clear="none"><span style="font-size:small;">Multimedia University of Kenya</span><br style="font-size:small;" clear="none"><span style="font-size:small;">Faculty of Computing and Information Technology</span><font size="2"><br clear="none"></font></div><div><div><div><div><font size="2">Twitter Handle: @teacherkaris</font></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><font size="2">Alt email: <a shape="rect" href="mailto:kkariuki@mmu.ac.ke" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">kkariuki@mmu.ac.ke</a></font></div></div></div><div><div><font size="2">Mobile: +2547 29 385 557</font></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:none;border-width:medium;padding:0px;"><div><font size="2">The Lord is my Shepherd </font></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>_______________________________________________<br clear="none">kictanet mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br clear="none">Twitter: <a shape="rect" href="http://twitter.com/kictanet" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://twitter.com/kictanet</a><br clear="none">Facebook: <a shape="rect" href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a><br clear="none"><br clear="none">Unsubscribe or change your options at <a shape="rect" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/pmaina2000%40yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/pmaina2000%40yahoo.com</a><br clear="none"><br clear="none">The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br clear="none"></div></div></body></html>