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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The new Broadband Strategy proposes a definition of 2Mbps per user by the way (which would mean for an SME or home of 5 persons/devices,
10 Mbps or for a school with 50 computers, 100 Mbps etc)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Adam</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#92D050"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> kictanet [mailto:kictanet-bounces+adam.lane=huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Walubengo J via kictanet<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, April 26, 2019 8:39 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Adam Lane <adam.lane@huawei.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] Online discussion on State of Broadband in Kenya<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">@ Wambua, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">your referenced CA report does indeed say 47.9% of internet subscriptions are on broadband Pg17.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">As to what exactly is broadband internet...the definition form ITU (256Kbps one OR both ways?) would definitely be outdated. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Theoretically the concept of broadband internet is a moving target and hard to really box-into a number.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">It gets worse with different technologies...Radio (3g/4g/5g) vs Cabled (fiber, copper).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">OR with different applications (are you streaming video, doing voice/voip, completing a financial transaction or doing telemedicine / remote surgery?) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">All these applications require different quality of services - that the term 'broadband' tries to capture in one value (256Kbs/512Kbps/1Mbs/10Mbs/etc).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Then through in the access devices the user is using to access the service (mulika mwizi phone, smart phone, tablet, laptop, workstation, etc) and you get the challenge of what Quality of
Service (QoS) means and what it means to try and measure it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">At the end of the day, it is a question of fit for use. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Focusing too much on a mathematical figure like in the old telephone days, may miss the point. Which is bringing communities to the internet to do what they want to do using devices they
currently have.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">That said, it is good for the regulator /broadband strategies to have targets...but probably not split too many hairs about it given the realities of different quality standards for different
use cases, application area and circumstances.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">NB: 5G is supposed to streamline this by splitting QoS according to application domain areas. So maybe in future we may split the QoS hairs after all.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">walu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A">On Thursday, April 25, 2019, 10:50:25 PM GMT+3, Wambua, Christopher via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Mwendwa,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Below are responses to your additional queries: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">If I am not mistaken, the last time land based internet coverage and population based internet coverage was mentioned on the list, Rachel indicated that CA would update
the methodology. While at this, Ali has shared connectivity statistics from CA where 47.9% of internet subscribers are using broadband. Perhaps you can give us your definition of broadband, and also what 47.9% broadband internet subscribers mean. Does it mean
people?</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#00007F">First and foremost, we are not sure where the figure of</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#00007F"> 47.9%</span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#00007F"> was
obtained from since our statistics reports outlines the number of</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#00007F"> broadband subscriptions.</span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#00007F"> For
more details please refer to .</span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#00007F"><a href="https://ca.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Sector-Statistics-Report-Q2-2018-19.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">https://ca.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Sector-Statistics-Report-Q2-2018-19.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#00007F">As regards the review of the methodology used to compute internet and mobile subscriptions, may wish to note that this is work still in progress. We shall
apprise the community on the revised methodology in due course</span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#26282A">. </span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0070C0"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Mobile broadband subscriptions</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Based on ITU standards, mobile broadband subscriptions refer to subscriptions to mobile cellular networks with access to data communications (e.g.the Internet) at
broadband speeds <b>(defined as greater than or equal to 256 kbit/s in one or both directions</b>) such as WCDMA, HSDPA, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO and CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV, irrespective of the device used to access the Internet(handheld computer, laptop or mobile phone
etc).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">These services are typically referred to as 3G or 3.5G and include:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">- Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), an IMT-2000 3G mobile network technology, based on CDMA that presently delivers packet-switched data transmission speeds up to 384 kbit/s
and up to 2 Mbit/s when fully implemented. It is known</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">as <i>Universal Mobile Telecommunications System </i>(UMTS) in Europe.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">- High-speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), an upgrade to W-CDMA to allow downlink data transmission at speeds of typically 8-10 Mbit/s. It is complemented by High-Speed
Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), which offers uplink speeds of around 5 Mbit/s.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">- CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution, Data Optimised), an IMT-2000 3G mobile network technology, based on CDMA that delivers packet-switched data transmission speeds of
up to 4.9 Mbit/s.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants also referred to as Mobile broadband Penetration </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">is
derived by dividing the number of mobile broadband subscriptions by the total population and then multiplying by 100.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Fixed Internet subscribers </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">refer to the total
number of Internet subscribers with fixed access, which includes dial-up and total fixed broadband subscribers: cable modem, DSL Internet subscribers, other fixed broadband and leased line Internet subscribers.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Explanatory notes</span></u></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Subscribers should be distinguished from users. <i>Subscribers </i>are entities (e.g. businesses, individuals) that subscribe to an Internet access service. <i>Users </i>are
entities that use those services. In the case of individuals, users are always more numerous than subscribers, because one subscription can service several users. The difference is likely to be even greater where public access to the Internet is common. Internet
users are derived from household surveys. <i>In the case of fixed internet services such as fibre, wireless, satellite, users are always more numerous than <b>subscribers</b>, because one <b>subscription</b> can service <b>several users</b>. The difference
is likely to be even greater where public access to the Internet is common. However, it is the opposite for mobile internet services, <b>subscriptions</b> are always more than <b>users</b> since one subscriber can own <b>multiple SIM cards</b>.</i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Subscriber-</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Entity or an individual with an
active contract between themselves and a service provider. Used in the case of fixed services.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Subscription-</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Refers to any SIM card that
has generated revenue in the last 90 days.Used in the case of mobile services only.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">User- </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Refers to any individual or entity
that has consumed internet services in the last 12 months regardless of technology, location etc</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0070C0"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">Thanks Ali for going deeper on what Broadband means. "High speed Internet (on fibre, or radio, or coaxial), that is always on. Let me be a case sturdy. Over the last few
years, I have used Zuku (5mbps, ksh3000/month), Safaricom fibre (5mbps, ksh3000/month), and Poa internet (2mbps, ksh1500/month) at home. Zuku on fibre but coaxial at home, Safaricom on fibre, and Poa Internet on radio and twisted pair. These three services,
Safaricom fibre, Poa Internet, and Zuku, were they always on? No. Could I run a server on it? No. Could I support a life saving machine on it? No. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">Now, can these companies claim to be providing broadband at home if it is not always on?</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">From a Regulatory reporting perspective, an <b>Active Subscription/Subscriber</b> is described as any subscription/subscriber that has generated (through usage or
receipt of services) any revenue through service provision in the last 90 days. If the broadband connectivity was not on within the last 90 days then it’s not counted.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana-Bold",serif;color:#26282A"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">This also leads me to DATA BUNDLES. Is data bundles broadband whether 3G, 4G, 5G? </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">Yes.
Refer to above definitions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-line-height-alt:11.25pt">
<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:#006CB8">Christopher Wambua</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:#006CB8;letter-spacing:.75pt">Director/Communications & Public Affairs | Communications and Public Affairs</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><img border="0" width="278" height="80" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_7" src="cid:image001.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/casignature/img/logo.png"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Tel: +254 20 4242000/284</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:11.25pt">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Office Mobile: +254 730 042284/</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:11.25pt">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> +254 730172284</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">P.O. Box 14448 Nairobi 00800</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><img border="0" width="23" height="24" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_8" src="cid:image002.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/casignature/img/mail.png"><u><a href="mailto:wambua@ca.go.ke">wambua@ca.go.ke</a> </u><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="22" height="22" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_6" src="cid:image003.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/casignature/img/facebook.png">Communications
Authority of Kenya</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="https://twitter.com/CA_Kenya" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="22" height="22" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image004.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/casignature/img/twitter.png"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext">ca_kenya </span></a><a href="http://www.ca.go.ke/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="23" height="20" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image005.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/casignature/img/web.png"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext">www.ca.go.ke </span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times",serif"><img border="0" width="597" height="188" id="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889Picture_x0020_13" src="cid:image006.png@01D4FC0D.EED1AC80" alt="Description: Description: http://digital.scanad.com/signature/banner.jpg"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Kivuva KictaNet <<a href="mailto:Kivuva@transworldafrica.com" target="_blank">Kivuva@transworldafrica.com</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Wednesday, 24 April 2019 at 20:22<br>
<b>To: </b>Christopher Wambua <<a href="mailto:wambua@ca.go.ke" target="_blank">wambua@ca.go.ke</a>><br>
<b>Cc: </b>KICTAnet Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [kictanet] Online discussion on State of Broadband in Kenya<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">Thank you Wambua for the prompt and detailed response. Let me also be the first on the list to congratulate you on your new signature footer. The thing we end users
like about CA is that it is very responsive, and the communications team is willing to brief the community on what is going on. Countless times, Rachel Alwala has always been on standby to respond to listers.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">If I am not mistaken, the last time land based internet coverage and population based internet coverage was mentioned on the list, Rachel indicated that CA would
update the methodology. While at this, Ali has shared connectivity statistics from CA where 47.9% of internet subscribers are using broadband. Perhaps you can give us your definition of broadband, and also what 47.9% broadband internet subscribers mean. Does
it mean people?</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">Thanks Ali for going deeper on what Broadband means. "High speed Internet (on fibre, or radio, or coaxial), that is always on. Let me be a case sturdy. Over the
last few years, I have used Zuku (5mbps, ksh3000/month), Safaricom fibre (5mbps, ksh3000/month), and Poa internet (2mbps, ksh1500/month) at home. Zuku on fibre but coaxial at home, Safaricom on fibre, and Poa Internet on radio and twisted pair. These three
services, Safaricom fibre, Poa Internet, and Zuku, were they always on? No. Could I run a server on it? No. Could I support a life saving machine on it? No. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">Now, can these companies claim to be providing broadband at home if it is not always on?</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#26282A">This also leads me to DATA BUNDLES. Is data bundles broadband whether 3G, 4G, 5G?</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#26282A">On Wed, Apr 24, 2019, 4:12 PM Wambua, Christopher <<a href="mailto:Wambua@ca.go.ke" target="_blank">Wambua@ca.go.ke</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Mwendwa,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Apologies for the belated response. Yes, indeed CA uses population and land based statistics to measure coverage of the population on 2G, 3G, and 4G services.
In line with the recommendations of the Access Gaps study carried out in 2016, the Authority is currently implementing two priority universal access projects using the USF levy. These projects are:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Education broadband connectivity projects in 896 public secondary schools. This project involves providing broadband connectivity to public secondary schools spread across the 47 counties. So
far a total of 600 secondary schools have been connected. <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The USF voice infrastructure project – which has facilitated mobile voice infrastructure coverage in 62 sub-locations in marginalized areas that previously did not have any coverage. The 62 sub-locations
spread across the country, now enjoy access to 3G (voice and data) services. <o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> In appreciation of the importance of ensuring universal access to ICT services, the Authority is currently in the process of tendering for an additional 129 sub-locations
that have no coverage, with a view to ensuring that the prevailing voice and data gaps are reduced. It is important to note that the Access Gaps Study identified a total of 512 sub-locations that had zero or less than 30% mobile (voice and data) coverage.
The funds required to close these gaps are estimated at Kshs 120 billion. Noting the enormity of the funds required to close the gaps, the Authority is also using other regulatory mechanisms, including licence obligations to the Mobile Network Operators
(MNOs) to fast-track facilitation of connectivity to unserved and underserved population. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">We are planning to formally launch these projects to apprise the industry and other stakeholders on the progress made so far in respect to the utilization of the
USF. I hope this provides clarity to your concerns. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-line-height-alt:11.25pt">
<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:#006CB8">Christopher Wambua</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;color:#006CB8;letter-spacing:.75pt">Director/Communications & Public Affairs | Communications and Public Affairs</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Tel: +254 20 4242000/284</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:11.25pt">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Office Mobile: +254 730 042284/</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:11.25pt">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> +254 730172284</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">P.O. Box 14448 Nairobi 00800</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u><a href="mailto:wambua@ca.go.ke" target="_blank">wambua@ca.go.ke</a> </u><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333;text-decoration:none">Communications
Authority of Kenya</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">ca_kenya </span></u><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">www.ca.go.ke </span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889msonormal" style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:11.25pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">From:
</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet-bounces+wambua=ca.go.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> on behalf of KICTAnet Discussions <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Reply-To: </span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">KICTAnet Discussions <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Date: </span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">Wednesday, 24 April 2019 at 13:30<br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">To: </span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">Christopher Wambua <<u><span style="color:blue">wambua@ca.go.ke</span></u>><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Cc: </span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">Kivuva <<u><span style="color:blue">Kivuva@transworldafrica.com</span></u>><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Subject: </span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">Re: [kictanet] Online discussion on State of Broadband in Kenya<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">This is such a healthy debate. Thanks for all
the contributions. As I try to probe the individual contributors, one thing that is very clear is "digital inclusion is not that incusive in terms of cost and coverage". Perhaps, the regulator, and service providers can pick that concern. It is not just in
this forum where cost and coverage it is coming out. 2017 elections anyone? :-) <o:p>
</o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Let me start with Dr Robert Muthuri. On the metrics
of coverage, the last time Communications Authority (CA) commented on the same question on this list, they said they use "land based and population based statistics for connectivity". Probably this needs to come out clearly in a language that a government
technocrat can understand. That way, when e-government services like Huduma services are made mandatory, the government can realize the challenges the citizenry go through to access government services yet they don't have Internet access. I will just put Ali's
quote here "</span><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black;text-decoration:none">Considering that most government services are now online how do we propose someone in Pokot, Wajir or Marsabit to use these services if someone in Nairobi is finding
it a major challenge to access the ecitizen portal? "</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Great question on the importance of Universal
Service Fund (USF) so far in coverage. I hope the USF-board can answer this, or the secretariat at the CA. The last thing I remember is the President raiding the USF. This is what the President said "We have agreed that in order to boost the Directorate of
Criminal Investigations to deal with cybercrime, the Communications Authority - which has the Universal Service Fund through which they collect money and we do not know how they spend it...Sh1 billion from the fund will be moved to the DCI ..."<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">So you can imagine, if the President does not
know what the USF is doing, what about the citizens?<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">______________________
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Mwendwa Kivuva, Nairobi, <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">On Wed, 24 Apr 2019 at 12:31, Robert Muthuri via
kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Thanks Kivuva,
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Two questions a) what metrics do we currently
have to measure coverage? b) What is the impact of the USF so far on coverage? <br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Robert.
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">On Wed, Apr 24, 2019 at 8:56 AM Josephine Miliza
via kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Thanks Kivuva for starting this discussion. Some
of the barriers are<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Affordability - If we are looking to have people leverage on the internet for economic
empowerment, the current data prices are quite expensive. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Beyond access, we also need to look at the availability of locally relevant applications
and content. For people without a disposable income to spend money on the internet, there needs to be a clear value proposition as to why they should make that investment.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></li></ul>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">I recommend investing in bottom-up models to close
the infrastructure and connectivity gaps. These models are able to identify gaps and create targeted solutions that fit the needs of their local communities. We also need to measure uptake and usage rather than just internet penetration.
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">We should also
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;text-decoration:none">create strategies to encourage local businesses, especially in rural and underserved areas to adopt the use of ICTs. This can be done by harnessing the power of community-led initiatives
to help spread interest and uptake.</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">On Wed, Apr 24, 2019 at 8:00 AM Grace Githaiga
via kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">@Mercy I recently experienced 'the converging under a certain tree'
make or receive a call in Nyandarua. Not too far from Thomson Falls. And I experienced the frustration as the signal was only on that particular tree. You would have thought we were in a meeting. So I am with you on this inequality of our broadband. Until
you experience it, then you really do not know what it means. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Grace Githaiga</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Twitter: @ggithaiga<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Skype: gracegithaiga<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Linkedin: <u><span style="color:blue">https://www.linkedin.com/in/gracegithaiga</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#555555"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:#555555;text-decoration:none">.</span><i><span style="color:#4BA524;text-decoration:none">.</span></i><b><i><span style="color:#006FC9;text-decoration:none">.the
most important office in a democracy is the citizen. So, you see, that’s what our democracy demands. It needs you!----Barrack Obama.</span></i></b><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">
<hr size="3" width="98%" align="center">
</span></a></span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">From:</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">
kictanet <kictanet-bounces+ggithaiga=<u><span style="color:blue">hotmail.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> on behalf of kanini mutemi via kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Sent:</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"> 24 April 2019 8:32 AM<br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">To:</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">
<u><span style="color:blue">ggithaiga@hotmail.com</span></u><br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Cc:</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"> kanini mutemi<br>
</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Subject:</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"> Re: [kictanet] Online discussion on State of Broadband in Kenya</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Morning Kivuva,<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Like many Kenyans, I love a double life (both
urban and rural). While in Nairobi of course I get a good connection- even 4G when I feel rich. What I don’t like is the cost. Safaricom is my provider and though the speeds are satisfactory- I always feel robbed. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Now in my rural life, there really is no connection.
Sometimes even shooting a text or making a phone call needs tree-climbing trees. So forget about a 4G connection or a Whatsapp message. FYI my county is quite near to Nairobi. Every time I experience this it magnifies to me the kind of inequality ICT can cause. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">On Tue, 23 Apr 2019 at 08:36, Mwendwa Kivuva via
kictanet <<u><span style="color:blue">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</span></u>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Dear Listers,<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">As notified last week, we are conducting an assessment on the state
of play and impact of broadband in Kenya, broadly looking at the socio-economic impact on consumers, businesses and various sectors like agriculture, education, healthcare, finance and government. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">We are looking at real life examples of impact of broadband, challenges
we face in increasing impact of broadband and recommendations on interventions needed to address the challenges identified. <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">For this discussion, we define broadband as any fast internet. Fast
enough to serve your intended purpose. We can have an extended definition through the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Some of the questions we should answer are:<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:47.25pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">What is the current state of broadband in Kenya? What is the current coverage of broadband in Kenya? Do you have broadband internet in your area? How affordable is the available broadband? <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:47.25pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">What barriers are there in increasing impact of broadband in Kenya?<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:47.25pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">What recommendations can counter the barriers identified in increasing impact of broadband?<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class="ydp554dbbd9yiv8916515889m3492572585314498139m-7546204633396659029m6100020669798267319gmail-m-3739186974772393292gmail-m-7945831294551299230gmail-m-8831681283265147600gmail-m-7031435429009027533xmsonormal">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Looking forward to a grrat debate.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">______________________<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Mwendwa Kivuva<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">_______________________________________________<br>
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT
enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or
qualifications.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">--
<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">Mercy Mutemi, Advocate</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none">.
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">_______________________________________________<br>
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT
enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or
qualifications.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><br clear="all">
<br>
-- <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><br>
Kind Regards,<br>
<br>
</span><span style="text-decoration:none">Josephine Miliza<br>
Community Networks Champion | Women in Tech Empowerment</span><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;text-decoration:none">Skype ID: Jossie.miliza | Mobile Phone: +254 726921527</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#741B47"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:#741B47;text-decoration:none">“Be thankful for everything that happens
in your life; it’s all an experience.” <br>
— <u><span style="color:blue">Roy T. Bennett</span></u></span><span style="color:black;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></i></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></span></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CAOKenya?ref=hl" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">_______________________________________________<br>
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT
enabled growth and development.<br>
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or
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