<div dir="auto">Dear Alice,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Many thanks for this update from Mozilla. There is need for wider stakeholder engagement on this issue. While the government has a legitimate concern which i presume is taming acts of terrorism, there is need for wider consultations especially on the areas that contravene or appear to contravene the constitution.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thank you</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best Regards</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 18:17 Alice Munyua via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
  
    
  
  <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix"><a class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/netpolicy/2019/02/08/kenya-government-mandates-dna-linked-national-id-without-data-protection-law/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://blog.mozilla.org/netpolicy/2019/02/08/kenya-government-mandates-dna-linked-national-id-without-data-protection-law/</a></div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix">
      
        <h1 class="m_-6049032982683998248entry-title"> Kenya Government mandates DNA-linked
          national ID, without data protection law </h1>
        <div class="m_-6049032982683998248entry-info">
          <address class="m_-6049032982683998248vcard"> Alice Munyua </address>
          February 8, 2019
          <p class="m_-6049032982683998248entry-comments"> <a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/netpolicy/2019/02/08/kenya-government-mandates-dna-linked-national-id-without-data-protection-law/#respond" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">No
              responses yet</a> </p>
        </div>
      
      <div class="m_-6049032982683998248entry-content">
        <p>Last month, the Kenya Parliament passed a seriously
          concerning <a href="http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/AmendmentActs/2018/StatuteLawMischellaneousNo18of2018.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">amendment</a>
          to the country’s national ID law, making Kenya home to the
          most privacy-invasive national ID system in the world. The
          rebranded, National Integrated Identity Management System
          (NIIMS) now requires all Kenyans, immigrants, and refugees to
          turn over their DNA, GPS coordinates of their residential
          address, retina scans, iris pattern, voice waves, and earlobe
          geometry before being issued critical identification
          documents. NIIMS will consolidate information contained in
          other government agency databases and generate a unique
          identification number known as Huduma Namba.</p>
        <p>It is hard to see how this system comports with the right to
          privacy articulated in Article 31 of the Kenyan Constitution.
          It is deeply troubling that these amendments passed without
          public debate, and were approved even as a data protection
          bill which would designate DNA and biometrics as sensitive
          data is pending.</p>
        <p>Before these amendments, in order to issue the National ID
          Card (ID), the government only required name, date and place
          of birth, place of residence, and postal address. The ID card
          is a critical document that<a href="https://www.khrc.or.ke/2015-03-04-10-37-01/blog/675-a-call-to-action-to-end-statelessness-in-kenya.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
            impacts everyday life,</a> without it, an individual cannot
          vote, purchase property, access higher education, obtain
          employment, access credit, or public health, among other
          fundamental rights.</p>
        <p>Mozilla strongly believes that that no digital ID system
          should be implemented without strong privacy and data
          protection legislation. The proposed Data Protection Bill of
          2018 which Parliament is likely to consider next month, is a
          strong and thorough framework that contains provisions
          relating to data minimization as well as collection and
          purpose limitation. If NIIMS  is implemented, it will be in
          conflict with these provisions, and more importantly in
          conflict with Article 31 of the Constitution, which
          specifically protects the right to privacy.</p>
        <p><a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/analysis/ideas/Kenya-needs-unified-identity-registration/4259414-4846478-119h6iqz/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Proponents</a>
          of NIIMS claim that the system provides a number of benefits,
          such as accurate delivery of government services. These
          arguments also seem to conflate legal and digital identity.
          Legal ID used to certify one’s identity through basic data
          about one’s personhood (such as your name and the date and
          place of your birth) is a commendable goal. It is one of the
          United Nations Sustainable Development<a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/?Text=&Goal=16&Target=16.9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
            Goals 16.9</a> that aims <i>“to provide legal identity for
            all, including birth registration by 2030”</i>.  However, it
          is important to remember this objective can be met in several
          ways. “Digital ID” systems, and especially those that involve
          sensitive biometrics or DNA, are not a necessary means of
          verifying identity, and in practice raise significant privacy
          and security concerns. The choice of whether to opt for a
          digital ID let alone a biometric ID therefore should be
          closely scrutinized by governments in light of these risks,
          rather than uncritically accepted as beneficial.</p>
        <ul>
          <li><b>Security Concerns: The centralized nature of NIIMS
              creates massive security vulnerabilities. It could become
              a honeypot for malicious actors and identity thieves who
              can exploit other identifying information linked to stolen
              biometric data. The amendment is unclear on how the
              government will establish and institute strong security
              measures required for the protection of such a sensitive
              database. If there’s a breach, it’s not as if your DNA or
              retina can be reset like a password or token.</b></li>
          <li><b>Surveillance Concerns:  By centralizing a tremendous
              amount of sensitive data in a government database, NIIMS
              creates an opportunity for mass surveillance by the State.
              Not only is the collection of biometrics incredibly
              invasive, but gathering this data combined with
              transaction logs of where ID is used could substantially
              reduce anonymity. This is all the more worrying
              considering Kenya’s history of</b><a href="https://privacyinternational.org/sites/default/files/2017-10/track_capture_final.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
              <b>extralegal  surveillance and intelligence sharing</b></a><b>.</b></li>
          <li><b>Ethnic Discrimination  Concerns: The collection of DNA
              is particularly concerning as this information can be used
              to identify an individual’s ethnic identity. Given Kenya’s
              history of  </b><a href="https://www.khrc.or.ke/publications/183-ethnicity-and-politicization-in-kenya/file.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><b>politicization
                of ethnic identity</b></a><b>, collecting this data in a
              centralized database like NIIMS could reproduce and
              exacerbate patterns of discrimination.</b></li>
        </ul>
        <p><b>The process was not constitutional</b></p>
        <p>Kenya’s constitution requires public input before any new law
          can be adopted. No public discussions were conducted for this
          amendment. It was offered for parliamentary debate under “<i>Miscellaneous</i>”
          amendments, which exempted it from procedures and scrutiny
          that would have required introduction as a substantive bill
          and corresponding public debate. The Kenyan government must
          not implement this system without sufficient public debate and
          meaningful engagement to determine how such a system should be
          implemented if at all.</p>
        <p>The proposed law does not provide people with the opportunity
          to opt in or out of giving their sensitive and precise data.
          The Constitution requires that all Kenyans be granted
          identification. However, if an individual were to refuse to
          turn over their DNA or other sensitive information to the
          State, as they should have the right to do, they could risk
          not being issued their identity or citizenship documents. Such
          a denial would contravene Articles 12, 13, and 14 of the
          Constitution.</p>
        <p>Opting out of this system should not be used to discriminate
          or exclude any individual from accessing essential public
          services and exercising their fundamental rights.</p>
        <p>Individuals must be in full control of their digital
          identities with the right to object to processing and use and
          withdraw consent. These aspects of control and choice are
          essential to empowering individuals in the deployment of their
          digital identities. Therefore policy and technical decisions
          must take into account systems that allow individuals to
          identify themselves rather than the system identifying them.</p>
        <p>Mozilla urges the government of Kenya to suspend the
          implementation of NIIMS and we hope Kenyan members of
          parliament will act swiftly to pass the Data Protection Bill
          of 2018.</p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-cite-prefix">On 23/01/2019 00:28, Gideon via
      kictanet wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite">
      
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div dir="ltr">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Listers,</div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Would
              this be a similar system like the India's Aadhaar which is
              said to be the world's largest biometric ID system? If so
              what lessons and drawbacks could be learned?<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Many
              issues would need to be addressed as a foundamental step,
              such include privacy, ethics, security of the said system,
              complementarity with the existing official databases e.t.c<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Regards<br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">GR<br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
            </div>
          </div>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at
              10:01 PM <<a href="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
              wrote:<br>
            </div>
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              Today's Topics:<br>
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                 1. Re: <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"></span>
              law to start listing of Kenyans? DNA (Warigia Bowman)<br>
              <br>
              <br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
              <br>
              Message: 1<br>
              Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2019 12:58:59 -0600<br>
              From: Warigia Bowman <<a href="mailto:warigia@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">warigia@gmail.com</a>><br>
              To: gertrude matata <<a href="mailto:gertrudematata@yahoo.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">gertrudematata@yahoo.com</a>>, 
              KICTAnet ICT Policy<br>
                      Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
              Subject: Re: [kictanet]  law to start listing of Kenyans?
              DNA<br>
              Message-ID:<br>
                      <<a href="mailto:CACeY99TvKOX13-RtN1gjCi_sh4AF8jdnEkJTNHD6WMrFR9Pogg@mail.gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CACeY99TvKOX13-RtN1gjCi_sh4AF8jdnEkJTNHD6WMrFR9Pogg@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
              Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
              <br>
              This is disturbing. I am quite sure that the US government
              does not have<br>
              the right to take DNA samples from citizens.<br>
              <br>
              Biometric data is not the same as DNA, rather it may
              include fingerprints<br>
              and eyescans. This is a move towards a surveillance state.<br>
              <br>
              On Tue, Jan 22, 2019 at 6:24 AM gertrude matata via
              kictanet <<br>
              <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
              wrote:<br>
              <br>
              > Dear Listers,<br>
              > The amendment to the Act seems to have ignored
              Article 31(c) of the<br>
              > Constitution. This being a constitutional issue,
              there is probably a need<br>
              > to subject it to constitutional interpretation on;<br>
              >   what was the intention of the article in providing
              that such information<br>
              > should not be unnecessarily required or revealed;<br>
              >  Whether such details being availed to persons
              registry clerks is<br>
              > defeating that intent;<br>
              >   and whether the  circumstances demand the
              "unnecessarily" revealed bar<br>
              > to be lifted.<br>
              >        It is worthy to ponder the situation in terms
              of whether giving<br>
              > such information might not create inborn terror,<br>
              ><br>
              > Regards,<br>
              ><br>
              > Gertrude<br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              > GERTRUDE MATATA<br>
              > HILLSIDE APARTMENTS<br>
              > 4TH FLOOR, Apartments 11<br>
              > RAGATI ROAD,Opposite N.H.I.F<br>
              > NEAR CAPITOL HILL POLICE STATION<br>
              > P.O. Box 517-00517<br>
              > Nairobi<br>
              > Mobile:0722-374109/0772327265<br>
              ><br>
              > Go to; <a href="https://themediatorkenya.wordpress.com/author/themediatorkenya/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://themediatorkenya.wordpress.com/author/themediatorkenya/</a><br>
              ><br>
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              ><br>
              ><br>
              > On Tuesday, January 22, 2019, 2:14:05 PM GMT+3,
              Karanja Marigu via<br>
              > kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
              wrote:<br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              > This is a classical move that also was taken by USA
              after 911. What do we<br>
              > expect next? Marshal law??<br>
              ><br>
              > Terrorism is not a justification to take away our
              privacy rights and<br>
              > collect data. What they will do with all that data,
              only God knows.<br>
              ><br>
              > Best Regards,<br>
              ><br>
              > Karanja Marigu,<br>
              ><br>
              > 'Purpose fuels passion'<br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              > On Tue, 22 Jan 2019 at 09:10, Magdalene Kariuki via
              kictanet <<br>
              > <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
              wrote:<br>
              ><br>
              > Dear fellow listers,<br>
              ><br>
              > Happy New Year (albeit late).<br>
              ><br>
              > Thank you Grace for sharing this information.<br>
              ><br>
              > Just a few concerns about privacy of persons and the
              protection and use of<br>
              > information.<br>
              ><br>
              > While I appreciate and understand the need for
              Government to address<br>
              > issues relating to threats to security (assuming that
              this is where the<br>
              > need for such kind of information stems from), what
              kind of guarantees are<br>
              > there that ensure this information is not traded?
              What kind of data<br>
              > protection mechanisms are in place?<br>
              > or have these concerns already been raised and
              addressed in the new<br>
              > legislation?<br>
              ><br>
              > Regards,<br>
              ><br>
              > Magdalene<br>
              ><br>
              > On Mon, Jan 21, 2019 at 12:16 PM Grace Bomu via
              kictanet <<br>
              > <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
              wrote:<br>
              ><br>
              > Full story here<br>
              > <a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/economy/Uhuru-backs-law-change/3946234-4943254-s1fi2b/index.html" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/economy/Uhuru-backs-law-change/3946234-4943254-s1fi2b/index.html</a><br>
              ><br>
              > Il giorno lun 21 gen 2019 alle ore 14:51 Grace Bomu
              <<a href="mailto:nmutungu@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">nmutungu@gmail.com</a>><br>
              > ha scritto:<br>
              ><br>
              > Listers,<br>
              ><br>
              > The government is now free to collect data on
              Kenyans? DNA and physical<br>
              > location of their homes including satellite details
              during registration of<br>
              > persons.<br>
              ><br>
              > This follows President Uhuru Kenyatta?s approval of
              amendments to the<br>
              > Registration of Persons Act that has included the two
              to the list of<br>
              > requirements needed at the national people?s
              registry.<br>
              ><br>
              > Adults applying for documents such as IDs will be
              required to provide<br>
              > additional information about their location,
              including land reference<br>
              > number, plot number or house number.<br>
              ><br>
              > The ministry is also seeking to introduce Global
              Positioning System (GPS)<br>
              > coordinates in the registration of persons, enabling
              the tracking of their<br>
              > location via satellite.<br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              > More here<br>
              ><br>
              > --<br>
              > Grace Mutung'u<br>
              > Skype: gracebomu<br>
              > @Bomu<br>
              > PGP ID : 0x33A3450F<br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              ><br>
              > --<br>
              > Grace Mutung'u<br>
              > Skype: gracebomu<br>
              > @Bomu<br>
              > PGP ID : 0x33A3450F<br>
              ><br>
              > _______________________________________________<br>
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              ><br>
              > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
              multi-stakeholder platform<br>
              > for people and institutions interested and involved
              in ICT policy and<br>
              > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for
              reform in the ICT<br>
              > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled
              growth and development.<br>
              ><br>
              > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of
              acceptable behaviors<br>
              > online that you follow in real life: respect people's
              times and bandwidth,<br>
              > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize,
              respect privacy, do<br>
              > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
              ><br>
              > _______________________________________________<br>
              > kictanet mailing list<br>
              > <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
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              ><br>
              ><br>
              > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
              multi-stakeholder platform<br>
              > for people and institutions interested and involved
              in ICT policy and<br>
              > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for
              reform in the ICT<br>
              > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled
              growth and development.<br>
              ><br>
              > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of
              acceptable behaviors<br>
              > online that you follow in real life: respect people's
              times and bandwidth,<br>
              > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize,
              respect privacy, do<br>
              > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
              ><br>
              > _______________________________________________<br>
              > kictanet mailing list<br>
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              ><br>
              > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
              multi-stakeholder platform<br>
              > for people and institutions interested and involved
              in ICT policy and<br>
              > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for
              reform in the ICT<br>
              > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled
              growth and development.<br>
              ><br>
              > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of
              acceptable behaviors<br>
              > online that you follow in real life: respect people's
              times and bandwidth,<br>
              > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize,
              respect privacy, do<br>
              > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
              > _______________________________________________<br>
              > kictanet mailing list<br>
              > <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
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              ><br>
              > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
              multi-stakeholder platform<br>
              > for people and institutions interested and involved
              in ICT policy and<br>
              > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for
              reform in the ICT<br>
              > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled
              growth and development.<br>
              ><br>
              > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of
              acceptable behaviors<br>
              > online that you follow in real life: respect people's
              times and bandwidth,<br>
              > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize,
              respect privacy, do<br>
              > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
              ><br>
              <br>
              <br>
              -- <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              *"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use
              to change the<br>
              world."* Nelson Mandela<br>
              -------------- next part --------------<br>
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              <br>
              ------------------------------<br>
              <br>
              Subject: Digest Footer<br>
              <br>
              _______________________________________________<br>
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              <br>
              <br>
              ------------------------------<br>
              <br>
              End of kictanet Digest, Vol 131, Issue 38<br>
              *****************************************<br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="m_-6049032982683998248mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <pre class="m_-6049032982683998248moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.

KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <p><br>
    </p>
  </div>

_______________________________________________<br>
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<br>
The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
</blockquote></div>