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<div dir="ltr">WhatsApp generates no revenue from Kenya. 0 KSh. </div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">While I note Ms. Wanjiku’s theory regarding data, there does not yet exist, in any country, a tax regime that extrapolates tax based upon data an online service holds, and a regime that did so would affect many entities, not just WhatsApp. I
would be curious to know, however, how exactly tax would be assessed on that basis, and whether it would only apply to data, (and if so, what kind of data, etc.?) or whether it should also apply to any asset that has the potential to be valuable. It seems
as well that if we are assessing intangibles, it’s critical to include the tangible economic and social benefits that citizens and governments derive from the use of services like WhatsApp, and the impact of taxing non revenue generating services.</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">I think the points about safety and the extent to which online platforms can be used to reflect existing societal tensions are critically important. It’s one we have been grappling with as a company, as those who engage with us know very well.
We recognize the extent to which our platforms provide voice, especially for communities who do not have access to traditional outlets, so balancing the risks against the benefits while maximizing the space for openness is one of our most pressing problems.
Stay tuned for more on this topic!</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">That said-it’s not at all clear to me what one has to do with the other. What is the connection between a tax on WhatsApp and the latter issue? How would the tax solve that problem? Is the tax meant to be a direct tax on citizens, and thus onerous
enough to keep them from using WhatsApp entirely? Or is the tax meant to be a deterrent to Facebook from offering WhatsApp in Kenya? So is this meant to serve as an economic ban on expression, casting a very wide net and affecting all kinds of expression?</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Even in the case of Facebook-Facebook does derive some revenue in Kenya. We release revenue figures in our major markets, but not yet in markets across Africa where those figures are a tiny fraction of the global revenue. My team is pushing internally
to be able to release these figures in some format across the Continent, because that would greatly inform these conversations. If the goal is to derive tax revenue, understanding the figures will give a much more realistic view, given that the digital ad
market across Africa is so small (a <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">fact i would very much like to change, by the way!), </span>Facebook’s revenue share is even smaller, and a tax on that would be very, very far from the windfall governments
may be eagerly anticipating.</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">But again-it’s not clear to me what one has to do with the other, or what purpose is served by conflating them, unless the goal is to reduce all forms of online speech.</div>
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On Nov 6, 2018, at 8:09 AM, Barrack Otieno <<a href="mailto:otieno.barrack@gmail.com">otieno.barrack@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr"><span>Hi Ebele,</span><br>
<span></span><br>
<span>You are best placed to give us guidance on that question. The reason</span><br>
<span>why this conversation is getting complicated is lack of statistics on</span><br>
<span>the so called benefits carriers are losing because of OTTs. Might you</span><br>
<span>be having any statistics on the same. It appears unanimity among</span><br>
<span>regulators in our region on the issue is growing.</span><br>
<span></span><br>
<span>Regards</span><br>
<span></span><br>
<span>On 11/6/18, Ebele Okobi via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:</span><br>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>This is a fascinating and very timely conversation. As I’m sure all can</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>imagine, I have many thoughts. 😁</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>I do have a question, first-how much revenue does WhatsApp derive from</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Kenya?</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>On Nov 6, 2018, at 7:45 AM, evelyne wanjiku via kictanet</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>wrote:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Dear All,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>In suppport of Mr. Patrick Mainas Maina's input.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The government needs to consider taxing the platforms. This is because they</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>make money from us trade in our data and the revenue genereted benefits</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>their countries and not ours given that they do not pay taxes here. This has</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>been considered in Europe. In africa however, no country can apply this</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>taxes on its own due to our 'economically colonised' position our countries</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>find ourselves in. This means that the easiest option for our government</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>becomes the easy route which is taxing the end user. This is</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>counterproductive especially for those who use social media for productive</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>activities. Therefore only a united african front would be succesful in</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>getting these giants to pay up and keep our governments from considering</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>taxing citizens. It is also important to consider that calls made on</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>whatsapp, skype,viber cost less. This means that there is revenue reduction</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>for the companies providing voice services. Considering that these companies</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>are locally based and pay taxes to our government, why should their revenue</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>be reduced by services that do not pay taxes to us? I suppose this is the</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>logic used by countries like the UAE that block the use of whatsapp to make</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>calls whithin their borders.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>As for the ability of whatsapp to cause chaos, this is true and has been</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>proven and whatsapp itself has acknowlegded this fact in countries like</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>India and Pakistan. These are countries where fake news and inflammatory</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>messages delivered mainly through whatsapp have led to chaos that have led</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>to deaths of many people. Whatsapp has responded by putting in measures to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>ensure that such spread of hate news can be controlled from their end.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Whatsapp also remains open open to suggestions as to how this can be</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>contolled and is actively leading research in this area.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The question therefore should be, should we leave Whatsapp to be in charge</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>of what is transfered on their platform and the consequences that follow?</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Should government have a role in monitoring how whatsapp is being used for</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>harmful activities. Overall what is the role of government and the various</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>platforms in ensuring this platform and others are used responsibly?</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Good day to all</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, 3:44:22 AM GMT+3, Francis Monyango via</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>wrote:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Morning Mr Patrick Maina,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>You mention how messaging apps facilitate fake news, crime and other things.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>You also lay peace,development on a scale versus human rights such as free</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>speech and privacy.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Sir, it is good to be objective and factual. Last year Kenya had 10 months</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>of hot politics. Research shows that the Kenyan authorities did not attempt</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>to control, disrupt or shutdown the internet. Hence this tired line of the</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>country going into flames because of the internet (messaging apps) doesn't</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>hold any weight. The number of Kenyan users of these messaging apps and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>other factors such as social class of users, bots affect the impact of the</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>internet in democratic transitions. The broadcast media shut down in January</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>should tell which communication medium has more impact on the Kenyan</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>society. 😉</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>I believe your intention was to state why companies that offer over the top</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>services should pay taxes here. That is a different argument all together</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>with a different set of facts unless you are advocating for a blanket over</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>the top tax to be paid by users to avoid 'spread of gossip and lies' just</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>like in Uganda.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>On Fri, 2 Nov 2018, 13:26 Patrick A. M. Maina via kictanet,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>wrote:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>These messaging apps facilitate fake news, crime, foreign meddling (to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>subvert democracy), brainwashing and hate speech on a massive scale. We know</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>this for a fact.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>So as citizens and stakeholders in our country, we need to ask: what do we</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>value more, is it things that improve peace, stability, economic development</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>and democracy, OR, is it some utopian, unbounded notion of free speech and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>privacy that is disconnected from our contextual reality (e.g. protects</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>criminals, malicious defamers and violence mongers in equal proportion as</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>law abiding citizens)?</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The companies running these uncontrolled messaging platforms will not be</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>impacted if our country goes up in flames. They cost governments tons of</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>money in maintaining internal security (especially during democratic</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>transitions - sometimes to existential levels) yet they don't pay any</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>taxes... and mark you, they are *billion dollar* companies! This also means</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>that funds that ought to have bought, say, medicine to save lives gets</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>diverted to fix an *imported problem* with no path to holding the parent</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>company accountable for damage caused.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Gok needs to modernize our tax laws, which currently are based on the</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>traditional "for profit" enterprise model and thus out of touch with Silicon</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Valley's "make losses by design" model. The basic assumption that</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>entrepreneurship is a profit oriented endeavour does not hold for Silicon</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Valley VC subsidized companies. They are designed to operate as loss makers</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>for decades (but still move *massive* amounts of financial resources at</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>massive scale). This has the technical effect of *tax avoidance* because</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>massive profits *are* still being made by the offshore VCs - which denies</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>governments billions in taxes (despite imposing local burdens as illustrated</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>above).</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>A smart government would create modernized laws to tax VC funded Silicon</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Valley companies e.g. on the basis of *funding rounds* and *valuations*</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>because this is their *real* business i.e. its how the investors intend to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>make money from day one - and the primary reason they push for perpetual</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>losses!</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>There should also be a turnover tax and VAT on online revenue earned in</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Kenya by foreign billion dollar internet companies (e.g. advertisement</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>revenue and appstore revenue), to level the tax playing field for local</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>businesses. Similar to what other countries like the UK are working on:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.wired.co.uk_article_facebook-2Duk-2Dtax-2Dbill&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=ec_MFycetv5Y_WOdUciMsYRvCQl1GHmCHUJ0LEsMzfQ&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.wired.co.uk_article_facebook-2Duk-2Dtax-2Dbill&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=JpThF3QS5XBibcjJ1Aylg-RSK6s4MaGJtnzz9ILzC9k&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.wired.co.uk_article_facebook-2Duk-2Dtax-2Dbill&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=ec_MFycetv5Y_WOdUciMsYRvCQl1GHmCHUJ0LEsMzfQ&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.wired.co.uk_article_facebook-2Duk-2Dtax-2Dbill&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=JpThF3QS5XBibcjJ1Aylg-RSK6s4MaGJtnzz9ILzC9k&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>CA will obviously have a hard time monitoring and enforcing though, under</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>the current traditional framework due to technical barriers (e.g.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>encryption) and also due to jurisdictional challenges.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>So the other thing that CA really needs to do once the rules are set is to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>consider blocking non-compliant foreign apps completely at ISP level</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>(especially now that political temperatures are cool and people and thinking</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>clearly). Lets have local startups filling any gaps with copycat apps</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>China-style.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>To be clear, I support free speech and privacy. But I also support peace,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>stability, safe neighbourhoods, democracy, sovereignty and economic</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>predictability!</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>A delicate balance is needed to maximise the rights of law abiding citizens</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>while minimising the ability of those with evil intent to exploit basic</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>rights in order to harm the innocent.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Good day.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Patrick.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>On Thursday, November 1, 2018, 11:00:44 PM GMT+3, Grace Githaiga via</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>wrote:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Kenya is considering regulating online services such as WhatsApp and Skype</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>in a radical move that could force the internet-based service providers to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>share data with the government.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The Communications Authority of Kenya (CA) is in search of a consultant to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>study and determine how the so-called over-the-top services (OTTS) operated</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>by groups such as Facebook, which runs WhatsApp, and Skype owner Microsoft,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>could be regulated.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Read on:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nation.co.ke_business_Telcos-2Dregulator-2Dseeks-2Dto-2Dmonitor-2DWhatsApp_996-2D4833020-2Dfn9u7s_index.html&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=EKPTziEdg0GdTrN35cx4MtOr2VGE3aDDLZPsBUdq6gQ&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nation.co.ke_business_Telcos-2Dregulator-2Dseeks-2Dto-2Dmonitor-2DWhatsApp_996-2D4833020-2Dfn9u7s_index.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=cndeiTd4wVC4D6EsU4xGNLbSnmIyYUhzbfcRXK3rLjQ&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nation.co.ke_business_Telcos-2Dregulator-2Dseeks-2Dto-2Dmonitor-2DWhatsApp_996-2D4833020-2Dfn9u7s_index.html&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=EKPTziEdg0GdTrN35cx4MtOr2VGE3aDDLZPsBUdq6gQ&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nation.co.ke_business_Telcos-2Dregulator-2Dseeks-2Dto-2Dmonitor-2DWhatsApp_996-2D4833020-2Dfn9u7s_index.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=cndeiTd4wVC4D6EsU4xGNLbSnmIyYUhzbfcRXK3rLjQ&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Best regards</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Githaiga, Grace</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Co-Convenor</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Twitter:@ggithaiga</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Tel: 254722701495</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Skype: gracegithaiga</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Alternate email: <a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">
ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a><<a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Linkedin:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.linkedin.com_in_gracegithaiga&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=IqiE-gF7aYRypWlig_ZFkjnuFcpsvUjlzEWe-8rnHGk&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.linkedin.com_in_gracegithaiga&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=SPbDCZGLkvuvhrwZZV8pDdaTSmOKiuLCuepKMWmx2h4&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.linkedin.com_in_gracegithaiga&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=IqiE-gF7aYRypWlig_ZFkjnuFcpsvUjlzEWe-8rnHGk&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.linkedin.com_in_gracegithaiga&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=SPbDCZGLkvuvhrwZZV8pDdaTSmOKiuLCuepKMWmx2h4&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.kictanet.or.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=rTWiXvPN3s4mjmrI2Yk9lJyPaRwK92HYUBtgif3p1RU&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.kictanet.or.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HLU_9MXcBS2L_UcONeSbPQJHXMOeVSLcRzPrilhch8E&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.kictanet.or.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=rTWiXvPN3s4mjmrI2Yk9lJyPaRwK92HYUBtgif3p1RU&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.kictanet.or.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HLU_9MXcBS2L_UcONeSbPQJHXMOeVSLcRzPrilhch8E&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>"Change only happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged and come</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>together to demand it. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>bring about change – but in yours"---Barrack Obama.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=9TUq6Q7qT2DT0HspkDjzUwDCfExxHWVOY7FnrsKAwp8&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=9TUq6Q7qT2DT0HspkDjzUwDCfExxHWVOY7FnrsKAwp8&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Twitter:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=fSONgHMbYbzP1npnmja0IrbBf8_PQz6sL6BMBo0h1FE&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=fSONgHMbYbzP1npnmja0IrbBf8_PQz6sL6BMBo0h1FE&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/">
https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Domain Registration sponsored by</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Unsubscribe or change your options at</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_pmaina2000-2540yahoo.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=5UBBbYkt8eXAfmSzrjkg-1ktIq_Gpm3nWt8_9CXBEME&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_pmaina2000-2540yahoo.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=9U35R6_1Cp03w2VrrR1iaPoNm6pgpVe1vQCaxEFWipI&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_pmaina2000-2540yahoo.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=5UBBbYkt8eXAfmSzrjkg-1ktIq_Gpm3nWt8_9CXBEME&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_pmaina2000-2540yahoo.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=9U35R6_1Cp03w2VrrR1iaPoNm6pgpVe1vQCaxEFWipI&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>development.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=9TUq6Q7qT2DT0HspkDjzUwDCfExxHWVOY7FnrsKAwp8&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=9TUq6Q7qT2DT0HspkDjzUwDCfExxHWVOY7FnrsKAwp8&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Twitter:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=fSONgHMbYbzP1npnmja0IrbBf8_PQz6sL6BMBo0h1FE&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=fSONgHMbYbzP1npnmja0IrbBf8_PQz6sL6BMBo0h1FE&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/">
https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Domain Registration sponsored by</span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=></a></span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span>Unsubscribe or change your options at</span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_monyango93-2540gmail.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=94Nqa6PbK4zlM5lV3PHJ1-Gwl2kHw4VBr7yiJlaCsgY&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_monyango93-2540gmail.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=aHxt5uZhsmFjvx-LPDJGdINsgxheI-dV5GdQEsLAKno&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_monyango93-2540gmail.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=94Nqa6PbK4zlM5lV3PHJ1-Gwl2kHw4VBr7yiJlaCsgY&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_monyango93-2540gmail.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=aHxt5uZhsmFjvx-LPDJGdINsgxheI-dV5GdQEsLAKno&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>development.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span>Twitter:</span><br>
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</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/">
https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a></span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=xe9lYq6Ka0dOLwlFjw0B87Z7Kj66LLuJB1BEP2AM4xM&e=></a></span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span>Unsubscribe or change your options at</span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ewanjiku2005-2540yahoo.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=f0hOlngciNERrxQK7fTqkPVEejGzkclH37aY0PVWIP0&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ewanjiku2005-2540yahoo.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=S5XCrHHLFeNLQ7G4teOxX5O4eUhH-LcPm172VTsVL-I&e=>">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ewanjiku2005-2540yahoo.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=4ftjmKibWdxoCB4LQ4lGQm-PG-xSys0r2d0wtrK5LCg&s=f0hOlngciNERrxQK7fTqkPVEejGzkclH37aY0PVWIP0&e=<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ewanjiku2005-2540yahoo.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=S5XCrHHLFeNLQ7G4teOxX5O4eUhH-LcPm172VTsVL-I&e=></a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>development.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Twitter:</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/">
https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Domain Registration sponsored by</span><br>
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<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=HvNRBYwS7sP9IHbKImQKX9c34cdH0X89IKfAHdL0cIc&e=</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>Unsubscribe or change your options at</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ebeleokobi-2540fb.com&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=k-bLwCs864h85EXV_bMoTV1Y1BXCD_UpozhuoFJYaFM&e=">https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_options_kictanet_ebeleokobi-2540fb.com&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=k-bLwCs864h85EXV_bMoTV1Y1BXCD_UpozhuoFJYaFM&e=</a></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>development.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span>not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span></span><br>
</blockquote>
<span></span><br>
<span></span><br>
<span>-- </span><br>
<span>Barrack O. Otieno</span><br>
<span>+254721325277</span><br>
<span>+254733206359</span><br>
<span>Skype: barrack.otieno</span><br>
<span>PGP ID: 0x2611D86A</span><br>
</div>
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