<html><head></head><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:garamond, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px"><div role="presentation" style="cursor: pointer; padding-top: 10px; margin-top: 0px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5071"><div role="presentation" style="min-height: auto; margin-right: 26px; white-space: normal; border-bottom: 0px solid rgb(236, 236, 236);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5072"><div tabindex="0" role="presentation" aria-label="To KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions,Higher Logic,BestBits List, 2 more recipients" style="margin-right: 70px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5073"></div></div></div><div role="presentation" aria-labelledby="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747405298_14756 " tabindex="0" style="margin: 4px 26px 0px 27px; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5090"><div tabindex="0" style="outline: none 0px; display: table; width: 1003px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: inherit; padding-top: 12px; padding-left: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5091"><div style="display: table-cell; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5092"><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5093"><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5094"><div style="font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5095"><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5096"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5097"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5098"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.harvard.edu/files/2017-08_electionES_2.pdf" style="color: rgb(25, 106, 212);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5099">https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.harvard.edu/files/2017-08_electionES_2.pdf</a></font></span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5100"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5101"><br id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5102"></font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5103"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5104">You will find the research resourceful to the online media and election discourse in the lists.</font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5105"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5106"><br id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5107"></font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5108"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5109">Would be a good analysis by having such done by local (public interest) national agencies.</font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5110"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5111"><br id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5112"></font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5113"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5114">Have a blessed day.</font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5115"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5116"><br id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5117"></font></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5118"><font size="5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5119">Regards/Wangari</font></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5120"></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5121"> </div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_5122">---</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4964"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4963"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4831" dir="ltr"><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4909"><font size="2" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4910"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(127, 0, 63);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4911">Pray God Bless. 2013Wangari circa -<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4912"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(127, 0, 63);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4913">"Being of the Light, We are Restored Through Faith in Mind, Body and Spirit; We Manifest The Kingdom of God on Earth".</span></font><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4914"></div><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4915"><font size="2" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4916"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(127, 0, 63);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4917"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4918"></span></font></div><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4919"><font size="2" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4920"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(127, 0, 63);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4921"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4922"></span></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; text-align: start; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4923"><font size="2" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4924"><font color="#7f003f" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4925"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4926"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/33759251" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; background: transparent; color: rgb(25, 106, 212); outline: none;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4927">Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election</a></b></font><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4928"></font></div><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4929"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4930"></div><div class="yiv1871414607yahoo-link-enhancr-card yiv1871414607yahoo-link-enhancr-not-allow-cover yiv1871414607ymail-preserve-class yiv1871414607ymail-preserve-style" data-url="https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/33759251" data-type="yenhancr" data-category="article" data-embed-url="" data-size="medium" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; text-align: start; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; max-width: 400px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" contenteditable="false" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4931"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/33759251" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); outline: none;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4932"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: table; border-collapse: separate; word-break: break-word; overflow-x: auto; max-width: 400px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4933"><tbody style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; width: 400px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4934"><tr style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-row; vertical-align: inherit;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4935"><td width="400" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-cell; border-spacing: 2px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4936"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: table; border-collapse: separate; word-break: break-word; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-x: auto; max-width: 400px; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(224, 228, 233) rgb(224, 228, 233) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-image: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4937"><tbody style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; width: 398px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4938"><tr style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-row; vertical-align: inherit;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4939"><td style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-cell; border-spacing: 2px; vertical-align: top; padding: 16px 0px 16px 12px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4940"></td><td style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-cell; border-spacing: 2px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 16px 12px; width: 326px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4941"><h2 style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700; display: block; font-size: 16px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4942">Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election</h2><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4943"></div></td><td style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-cell; border-spacing: 2px; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4944"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4945"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4946"></div><div style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4947"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4948"></div><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; text-align: start; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, "new york", times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4949"><table style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: table; border-collapse: separate; word-break: break-word; clear: both; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(205, 205, 205); width: 680px; font-size: 13.6px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4950"><tbody style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; width: 678px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4951"><tr style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-row; vertical-align: inherit; background: transparent;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4952"><td style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: table-cell; border-spacing: 2px; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 3px 3px 5px 4px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(205, 205, 205); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; vertical-align: top;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4953">In this study, we analyze both mainstream and social media coverage of the 2016 United States presidential election. We document that the majority of mainstream media coverage was negative for both candidates, but largely followed Donald Trump’s agenda: when reporting on Hillary Clinton, coverage primarily focused on the various scandals related to the Clinton Foundation and emails. When focused on Trump, major substantive issues, primarily immigration, were prominent. Indeed, immigration emerged as a central issue in the campaign and served as a defining issue for the Trump campaign.<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4954"> </span><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4955"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4956">We find that the structure and composition of media on the right and left are quite different. The leading media on the right and left are rooted in different traditions and journalistic practices. On the conservative side, more attention was paid to pro-Trump, highly partisan media outlets. On the liberal side, by contrast, the center of gravity was made up largely of long-standing media organizations steeped in the traditions and practices of objective journalism.<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4957"> </span><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4958"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4959">Our data supports lines of research on polarization in American politics that focus on the asymmetric patterns between the left and the right, rather than studies that see polarization as a general historical phenomenon, driven by technology or other mechanisms that apply across the partisan divide.<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4960"> </span><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4961"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1503747730710_4962">The analysis includes the evaluation and mapping of the media landscape from several perspectives and is based on large-scale data collection of media stories published on the web and shared on Twitter.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><br></div></div></body></html>