<div dir="auto">Listers,<div dir="auto">In the US, there has been a rise in neo nazism. While the problem there is more of hate speech than fake news, there are some things we can learn about the principles of content regulation.</div><div dir="auto">For example, some companies took away services from Daily Stormer, a neo nazi website.</div><div dir="auto">Rights groups such as EFF are concerned that while this is laudable, there shouldn't be ad hoc and arbitrary regulatory actions.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">One recommendation is the Mannila Principles on Intermediary Liability where there should be a published policy on instances that can lead to content takedowns and mechanisms for appeal of a takedown decision. Of course content can be taken down on court orders.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Some of the fake news sites are on .ke domains. I wonder whether KENIC has ever contemplated a content policy and if so whether domain owners are aware of the same. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The EFF blog can be found here <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/08/fighting-neo-nazis-future-free-expression">https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/08/fighting-neo-nazis-future-free-expression</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Have a nice weekend,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 19 Aug 2017 08:12, "Francis Monyango via kictanet" <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi listers,<br>
<br>
(a) Should the spreading of Fake News be a crime? -<br>
This thing is not a new problem as we think. Defamation is a form of<br>
spreading fake news especially if you look at the elements. I think we<br>
should consider the damage element before advocating for censorship.<br>
<br>
How about when Fake News leads to incitement?<br>
We have enough laws on hate speech which are selectively implemented.<br>
Our 'grundnorm' has provisions on hate speech (Art. 33(2)) and other<br>
laws. So we just need to implement those laws.<br>
<br>
(b) The NCIC (National Cohesion and Integration Commission) and the CA<br>
(Communications Authority); do these agencies have the sufficient<br>
mandate to combat Fake News?<br>
These agencies have very brilliant chaps who can sufficiently combat<br>
damaging Fake News.<br>
<br>
(c) Is it time we reguated social media use?<br>
Regulate social media? :-D We have already over regulated our speech<br>
because of the events of 2007. If people want to spread damaging fake<br>
news, they will do so even without social media. They have done that<br>
in the past, what will stop them now?<br>
<br>
<br>
On 18/08/2017, Fadzai Madzingira via kictanet<br>
<<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>> wrote:<br>
> Dear List<br>
><br>
> As many people on this list have already pointed out, false news is not a<br>
> new problem. That said, Facebook takes fighting false information seriously<br>
> because people want to see accurate information on Facebook. In light of<br>
> that we have set<br>
><br>
> These issues are complicated, and we want to be very careful. In a free<br>
> society, there is not always a clear line between hoaxes, satire and opinion<br>
> — and we want to ensure that people can share their opinions as was also so<br>
> considerately highlighted in conversations on Day 1 of these excellent<br>
> discussions. At the same time, we are careful not to be the arbiters of<br>
> truth and that as a platform, we are not overstepping. Getting it right will<br>
> take time, we need to ensure that as we help people get the meaningful<br>
> information they want.<br>
><br>
> We also want to de-incentivize the bad, by contesting fabricated and false<br>
> news so that publishers can't extract value from people without providing<br>
> value in return. This involves:<br>
><br>
> * Reducing Spam: We're testing ways to make fake news less profitable<br>
> for the people who spread it. Once a story is marked as disputed, ads<br>
> directing people to that story will not be allowed. We will also work to<br>
> reduce publications masquerading as other publishers from running ads, and<br>
> work to reduce ads that include links to web pages that are mostly ads.<br>
> * Supporting informed sharing: We’ve found that if reading an article<br>
> makes people significantly less likely to share it, then it may be a sign<br>
> that a headline and/or story has misled people in some way. We’re going to<br>
> test incorporating this signal into the ranking of news stories,<br>
> specifically for articles that are outliers in that people who read the<br>
> article are significantly less likely to share it.<br>
><br>
> We work hard to find the right balance between encouraging free expression<br>
> and promoting a safe and welcoming community. This is all a work in<br>
> progress. We'll keep exploring new ways to help the people who use Facebook<br>
> connect meaningfully and build common understanding. We understand how<br>
> important the issue is for our community and we are committed to getting<br>
> this right.<br>
><br>
> In Kenya, we launched an in-app educational tool in English and Swahili that<br>
> was shown to our users in Kenya which many of you may have seen. These<br>
> notices were placed in newspapers and radio stations as well. We also had an<br>
> in-app educational tool to encourage users to report content that violated<br>
> our Community Standards. We also understand the importance of the role of<br>
> the media to inform our communities. We spent time training journalists in<br>
> Nairobi on how best to use our tools to reach their readers effectively.<br>
> These included Nation Media and the Standard Group.<br>
><br>
> As many others have also pointed out, we understand the importance of news<br>
> media literacy and are actively working to partner locally and empower<br>
> people to be informed consumers of news. This means that people know the<br>
> right questions to ask and how to vet valid news sources when they are<br>
> consuming the news. We would love to continue having this conversation in<br>
> Kenya and hear where we can support such programs.<br>
><br>
> We take our responsibility very seriously and are encouraged by the<br>
> conversation happening on this list. We take feedback very seriously and are<br>
> following this discussion intently. Please do reach out to us with any<br>
> questions.<br>
><br>
> Best<br>
><br>
> Fadzai Madzingira | Policy Analyst, Africa<br>
> Africa Solutions Ltd @ Facebook<br>
> (e) <a href="mailto:fmadzingira@fb.com">fmadzingira@fb.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:fmadzingira@fb.com">fmad<wbr>zingira@fb.com</a>><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> From: kictanet <kictanet-bounces+fmadzingira=<a href="mailto:fb.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke"><wbr>fb.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> on<br>
> behalf of Wambui Wambui via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>><br>
> Reply-To: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>><br>
> Date: Friday, 18 August 2017 at 14:53<br>
> To: Fadzai Madzingira <<a href="mailto:fmadzingira@fb.com">fmadzingira@fb.com</a>><br>
> Cc: Wambui Wambui <<a href="mailto:wwamunyu2009@gmail.com">wwamunyu2009@gmail.com</a>><br>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake<br>
> News<br>
><br>
> This is an interesting discussion even from the perspective of history. When<br>
> technologies are new, the potential to confuse or confound users are well<br>
> documented. One classic example is from radio, when a dramatized fictional<br>
> piece about an invasion from Mars was aired on American radio in the late<br>
> 1930s. Dramatic sound effects and other storytelling techniques via the new<br>
> medium caused widespread panic. Today, audiences have a much greater<br>
> understanding – and appreciation – for radio drama.<br>
><br>
> There are other examples from other technologies, such as laugh tracks on<br>
> television which sound like audiences laughing at the jokes being said by a<br>
> character. That is essentially ‘fake laughter,’ but is designed to get real<br>
> audiences to laugh along and engage with the characters.<br>
><br>
> My point is that new technologies enable ‘fake’ activities, but it is users<br>
> who finally attain a literacy concerning those activities and learn how to<br>
> deal with them. The big buzz about fake news has made many people a lot more<br>
> conscious and skeptical of what they consume or pass on via social media and<br>
> other platforms. Various campaigns and organizations are turning fake news<br>
> debunking into a new industry with multiple players reaching out to news<br>
> media and academia to act as collaborative partners.<br>
><br>
> As an academic, I think part of our job in our training institutions is to<br>
> expose our students to:<br>
><br>
> - being more critical/skeptical about what they consume on various<br>
> media<br>
><br>
> - being more responsible about what they share/forward in their own<br>
> media networks<br>
><br>
> - understanding that ‘media’ no longer means a random big company<br>
> out there with radio, TV, and print outlets. But instead ‘media’ is all<br>
> those, plus we ourselves.<br>
> That said, @Ali makes important points on regulation that I largely agree<br>
> with. But I’d say even as we discuss regulation, there should be a<br>
> discussion about responsibility.<br>
><br>
> Many media houses subscribe to some form of social responsibility. Before<br>
> calling someone a thief for example, they’ll claim to get the facts and even<br>
> then, refer to the ‘alleged’ crime leaving the justice system to declare<br>
> whether someone is a thief or not. Without those checks, the media would be<br>
> engaging in defamation, which is a legal problem.<br>
><br>
> Perhaps before moving to add yet more laws and regulations to aspects of<br>
> digital technologies, we should educate users/consumers more about greater<br>
> responsibility in their online activities even as they are informed about<br>
> legal penalties.<br>
><br>
> Wambui<br>
><br>
> On Fri, Aug 18, 2017 at 3:38 PM, Adam Lane via kictanet<br>
> <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr><mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.<wbr>kictanet.or.ke</a>>><br>
> wrote:<br>
> Indeed, the issue of real-name social media accounts. Personally I support<br>
> such a thing, but I am aware that others do not (i.e. they want to allow<br>
> people to post anonymously in fear of retribution of posting something that<br>
> may be true but critical against someone powerful). There is a balance to be<br>
> struck.<br>
><br>
> But also, people who repeat/resend/republish should not do so unless they<br>
> know the originator or trust it’s source. Unfortunately consumer education<br>
> on this is very difficult (same for issues around responsible online<br>
> gambling etc) and whilst we should still look at effective ways to do that<br>
> (massive newspaper, TV and radio headlines about the risk of being fined for<br>
> spreading fake news may be effective!!), we may need to look at other<br>
> options too.<br>
><br>
><br>
> From: kictanet<br>
> [mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Badam.lane">kictanet-bounces+adam.<wbr>lane</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%252Badam.lane">kictanet-bounces%<wbr>2Badam.lane</a>>=<a href="mailto:huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke">huawei.com@lists.<wbr>kictanet.or.ke</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke">huawei.<wbr>com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>]<br>
> On Behalf Of Brian Munyao Longwe via kictanet<br>
> Sent: Friday, August 18, 2017 3:30 PM<br>
> To: Adam Lane <<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com">adam.lane@huawei.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com">a<wbr>dam.lane@huawei.com</a>>><br>
> Cc: Brian Munyao Longwe <<a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blon<wbr>gwe@gmail.com</a>>><br>
><br>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake<br>
> News<br>
><br>
> Unfortunately the originators of fake news tend to use pseudonyms or fake<br>
> identities to mask their true identities. IMHO these are the real culprits;<br>
> people who repeat/resend/republish the fake news might actually have been<br>
> duped into believing that it is authentic. How then does one go about<br>
> catching/pinpointing the bad guys/gals?<br>
><br>
> On Fri, Aug 18, 2017 at 2:07 PM, Adam Lane via kictanet<br>
> <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr><mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.<wbr>kictanet.or.ke</a>>><br>
> wrote:<br>
> I think that IF there is to be a civil crime/penalty for such an act there<br>
> should be a distinction made between the creators of false, misleading or<br>
> fictitious data and those who spread it (creating it should incur a greater<br>
> penalty than spreading it).<br>
><br>
> Certainly IF this is the case, then a deterrence for those spreading the<br>
> news will ensure people do read, research and assess before spreading, and<br>
> this is important. Too many people not only are not assessing such news but<br>
> are spreading it, and because others may trust them, the news is inherently<br>
> trusted by the reader; whereas if the reader was sent the news from an<br>
> unrelated person they would have more suspicion towards the news. Such a<br>
> deterrence would be a good thing.<br>
><br>
> IF this bill becomes an act, it will be interesting to see how it will be<br>
> enforced. It would be fairly simple to set-up a reporting mechanism but<br>
> harder to ensure fines are paid (though such fines would cover the costs of<br>
> any monitoring mechanism; it may be useful to have a set standard for fines<br>
> to ensure prompt and fair action, just like traffic offenses).<br>
><br>
> The issue of real-name social media accounts, linking accounts to sim cards<br>
> etc would be thorny; let alone the mechanisms to collect fines in such large<br>
> numbers.<br>
><br>
> Is there a way that one does not need a fine, instead individuals may value<br>
> their personal reputation enough to not forward fake news? If we constantly<br>
> forward fake news (and if it is recognized as such at some point), don’t we<br>
> lose our social capital, and thus limit this behavior? Just like in the<br>
> offline world… if we value our reputations?<br>
><br>
> From: kictanet<br>
> [mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Badam.lane">kictanet-bounces+adam.<wbr>lane</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%252Badam.lane">kictanet-bounces%<wbr>2Badam.lane</a>>=<a href="mailto:huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke">huawei.com@lists.<wbr>kictanet.or.ke</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:huawei.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke">huawei.<wbr>com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>]<br>
> On Behalf Of kanini mutemi via kictanet<br>
> Sent: Friday, August 18, 2017 2:27 PM<br>
> To: Adam Lane <<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com">adam.lane@huawei.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:adam.lane@huawei.com">a<wbr>dam.lane@huawei.com</a>>><br>
> Cc: kanini mutemi <<a href="mailto:kaninimutemi@gmail.com">kaninimutemi@gmail.com</a><<wbr>mailto:<a href="mailto:kaninimutemi@gmail.com">kaninimutemi@gmail.com</a>><wbr>><br>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake<br>
> News<br>
><br>
> I have attached a copy of the Computer and Cybercrimes Bill, 2017 published<br>
> on 13th June, 2017. Clause 12 reads:<br>
> 'A person who intentionally publishes false, misleading or fictitious data<br>
> or misinforms with intent that the data shall be considered or acted upon as<br>
> authentic, with or without any financial gain, commits an offence and shall,<br>
> on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five million shillings or<br>
> to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.'<br>
> Is there a drawback to this approach? <br>
><br>
> --<br>
> Mercy Mutemi.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
> kictanet mailing list<br>
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> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for<br>
> people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and<br>
> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT<br>
> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and<br>
> development.<br>
><br>
> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors<br>
> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,<br>
> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do<br>
> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
><br>
><br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
Francis Monyango<br>
<br>
Lawyer | ICT Policy and Legal Consultant<br>
<a href="http://www.monyango.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.monyango.com</a><br>
0726792792<br>
<br>
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<br>
The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
</blockquote></div></div>