<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif">Listers</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif">I will attempt to address these questions.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></div><img src="http://t.sidekickopen16.com/e1t/o/5/f18dQhb0S7ks8dDMPbW2n0x6l2B9gXrN7sKj6v4LNdFMd_KMKRbM7xW4Wzv6P2zlZNzW26tGP91k1H6H0?si=6190904865718272&pi=ce99a8b4-d47e-4777-b7e1-df9c570ad452" style="display:none!important" height="1" width="1"><div class="gmail_extra"><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">(a) Why is there an increase in the prevalence of Fake News recently?</span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><font color="#ff0000"><br></font></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif" color="#000000">Fake News is not a new phenomena. We can trace the origins of Fake News to the origins of Propaganda. Originally the word Propaganda was derived from a new administrative body of the Catholic church (congregation) created in 1622, called the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Congregation for Propagating the Faith), or informally simply Propaganda. Its activity was aimed at "propagating" the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif" color="#000000"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif" color="#000000">Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif" color="#000000"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><font color="#000000">So, looking at this from a wider perspective we have simply replaced the word Propaganda with Fake News. More importantly the advent of the Internet and Social Media has 'democratized' Propaganda and simply renamed it Fake News. Leading up to the second world war the Nazi Regime of Germany went to the unprecedented extent of creating a Ministry of Propaganda. </font>The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda, RMVP or Propagandaministerium) was a Nazi government agency to enforce Nazi ideology. This is probably the most infamous use of Fake News the world ever and in history. That is the extent of how detrimental the use of Fake News can be - 6 million jews were killed. Closer to home we know what happened in Rwanda during and before the Genocide. </font><b><span style="color:rgb(106,168,79);font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">From where I sit, the biggest culprits of Fake News the world over are State Players as opposed to individuals. And more often than not it is used for very specific political reasons. Let's look at the situation in Kenya today and the use of deep analytics, big data and hyper targeting of prospective voters to influence people's views and hence voting patterns. The two major proponents in this election are both guilty of super negative messaging using the above mentioned.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">My humbly take then on this issue is that NCIC should do the following:-</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">1. Work with the big players in the Digital Marketing Space (Facebook, Google, Twitter, Marketing Services Agencies, Major Brands and influencers) to come up with a Best Practice Manual on how to:-</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">a) Dissuade players from using Fake News to influence audiences.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">b) Explaining to players what constitutes Fake News and the negative effects it has.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">c) Education, Education, Education on what constitutes Fake news and how not to (1) get influenced by them through detecting them and (2) spread them.</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(106,168,79)">(b) What is the role of different categories of users in combating Fake News?</span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><font color="#6aa84f"><br></font></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif" color="#000000"><span style="font-size:12.8px">The onus is on us as different players to understand and combat this new Propaganda paradigm. The days of State Players being the only ones able to use Propaganda as a tool is long gone. One thing I'd advise is for us to help NCIC and other regulators to upgrade their regulatory tools to take into cognisance the New Digital Reality. </span></font><br><br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)">(c) Have Kenyans given up or are there good practices in combating Fake News?</span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#000000"><font face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px">Global Players like Google and Facebook are doing a lot in this area. We can learn from them. We as Kenyans should fight the Fake News phenomenon irrespective of who is propagating it. I fear however that this is easier said than done because unfortunately Fake News, like almost everything else in this country, takes on Ethnic and Political dimensions. </span></font></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(153,0,255)"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(153,0,255)">(d) Is Fake News a manifestation of deeper societal issues and if so, are there ways of combating it other than resolving the societal issues?</span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(153,0,255)"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px">As a society we need to look deep into ourselves and ask where we are going as a country. We are more fragmented as a people than we are at independence. Fake News is just a mirror of who we are as a people and as a country. Our leaders are a reflection of us. If you want to see what is wrong with this country look no further than the Mirror.</span></font></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,153,0)"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,153,0)">(e) We have Bloggers who are seen as influencers. Do they have a higher duty when communicating?</span></b><span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br></font></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,153,0)"><br></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px">Each and everyone of us is an Influencer. At home with your kids, at work with your colleagues, in the streets with your fellow Kenyans online with your followers, fans and connections. What you say and do influences. The 'Pen' is a more powerful tool than a gun. Use it wisely.</span></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px">Lastly, NCIC Vision and Mission is as below:-</span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif" style=""><strong style="list-style:none;margin:0px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px">Vision</strong><br>A peaceful, united, harmonious and integrated Kenyan society </font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif"><strong style="list-style:none;margin:0px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px">Mission</strong><br>Develop and sustain processes that alleviate all forms of ethnic discrimination and promote diversity through knowledge creation, capacity building, advocacy and pertinent policy development</font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif">I ask them. </font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif"><br></font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif"><b>What is the score card since you were inaugurated with the new constitution and how can we all as Kenyans help you to help us achieve the Vision?</b></font></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><br></p><p style="list-style:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:top;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(254,254,254);text-align:justify"><font face="georgia, serif">Regards</font></p></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small"><font color="#000000" face="georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></font></div></div></div><span class="gmail-HOEnZb" style="font-size:12.8px"><font color="#888888"></font></span><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><b><font face="georgia, serif" size="2">Ali
Hussein</font></b></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><b><font face="georgia, serif" size="2">Principal</font></b></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font face="georgia, serif" size="2"><b>Hussein & Associates</b></font></p><font size="2">
</font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"> </font></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span>T<font size="2">el: +254 713 60<font size="2">1113</font></font><br></span></span></font></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span>Twitter: @AliHKassim</span><span></span></span></font></p><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif">
</span></font><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span>Skype: abu-jomo</span></span></font></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span>LinkedIn: <a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" target="_blank">http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim</a></span><a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"></span></a></span></font></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></span></font></p><p style="font-size:small;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:georgia;color:black">13th Floor , Delta Towers, Oracle Wing,</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:arial"></span></p><p style="font-size:small;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:georgia;color:black">Chiromo Road, Westlands,</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:arial"></span></p><p style="font-size:small;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:georgia;color:black">Nairobi, Kenya.</span></p><font size="2"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span><br><font size="1">Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the organizations that I work with.</font></span></span></font><span style="font-family:"Baskerville Old Face",serif;font-size:11pt"></span><span style="font-size:11pt"></span>
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<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Aug 16, 2017 at 10:02 AM, kanini mutemi via kictanet <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:georgia,serif">Good morning Listers, <br><br></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif;text-align:left">Let me start of by thanking NCIC for their willingness to engage on this issue. We look forward to a a great discussion and pragmatic proposals. <br><br>We had a discussion on this during the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxmvjvsBlX3dUmVfS3IyaTdkZ0U/view" target="_blank">PRE KIGF ONLINE DISCUSSION DAY 2- FAKE NEWS DURING ELECTIONEERING.</a><br></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif;text-align:left">I will say at that time, the impact of Fake News was not apparent. Times have since changed as we have now witnessed numerous 'Fake News' posts which go viral within minutes. Following the election results, posts on alleged instances of violence and of government action in parts of the country have dominated social media platforms. On several occasions, government officials, media houses and diligent citizens have come forward to denounce these posts as 'Fake News'. Photos that were first presented as true accounts of the situation on the ground were later discovered to be old photos of past events. At the same time, there have been instances where posts were quickly dismissed as 'Fake News' even when there was evidence later on that they were indeed factual reports. There is therefore a need for us to navigate through this issue carefully. <br><br></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><div style="text-align:right"><div style="text-align:left">Just for the record, it was agreed previously that the definition we are working with is Fake News refers to disinformation which GG aptly put as: <i><b>fabricated news that has no basis in fact, but is presented as being factually accurate. </b></i><br></div><br></div>With this in mind, I invite you to engage on the questions below: </div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0)"><br></span></span></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">(a) Why is there an increase in the prevalence of Fake News recently?</span><br><span style="color:rgb(162,196,201)"><br><span style="color:rgb(106,168,79)"><br></span></span></b></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(106,168,79)">(b) What is the role of different categories of users in combating Fake News?</span><br><br><br></b></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)">(c) Have Kenyans given up or are there good practices in combating Fake News?</span><br><br><span style="color:rgb(153,0,255)"><br></span></b></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(153,0,255)">(d) Is Fake News a manifestation of deeper societal issues and if so, are there ways of combating it other than resolving the societal issues?<br></span><br></b></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,153,0)"><br></span></b></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><span style="color:rgb(255,153,0)">(e) We have Bloggers who are seen as influencers. Do they have a higher duty when communicating?</span></b><span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br></font></span></div><span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:georgia,serif"></div><br>-- <br><div class="gmail-m_-6820156545526737661gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b>Mercy Mutemi</b>. <br></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"><b><i><br></i></b></span></div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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