<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hello listers. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">CIPIT has been conducting network measurements on Kenyan Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) since June 2016 using assorted techniques.
Between 6 – 10 February 2017, the data indicated the presence of a middle-box on the cellular network of one provider,
Safaricom Limited (AS33771) that had not previously presented any signs
of traffic manipulation. Middle-boxes assume dual-use character in that
they can be used for legitimate functions (e.g., network optimisation)
and can simultaneously be used for traffic manipulation, surveillance
and aiding censorship.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In light of such dual uses, this report makes clear that service
providers operating middle-boxes must communicate to the public in a
transparent manner the justification for such activity. This is
especially relevant as government bodies announce plans to monitor and possibly censor the
Internet during Kenya’s current electoral processes.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">You can download the brief from this link: <br class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://blog.cipit.org/2017/03/23/cipit-research-reveals-evidence-of-internet-traffic-tampering-in-kenya-the-case-of-safaricoms-network/#more-5833" class="">http://blog.cipit.org/2017/03/23/cipit-research-reveals-evidence-of-internet-traffic-tampering-in-kenya-the-case-of-safaricoms-network/#more-5833</a> </div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">-Moses</div></body></html>