<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div>Rachel</div><div><br></div><div>I'm impressed by your elaborate answer. Very informative and based on legal grounds. </div><div><br></div><div>I'm curious however when the community will have a chance to 'chambua' the Dominance Report?<br><br><div><div><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.294118); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.231373);"><b>Ali Hussein</b></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.294118); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.231373);"><b>Principal</b></span></div><div><b style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Hussein & Associates</b></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; ">+254 0713 601113 </div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; "><br></div><div><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Twitter: @AliHKassim</span></p><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><font></font></span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Skype: abu-jomo</span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">LinkedIn: <a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" target="_blank">http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim</a></span></p><font><br></font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit." ~ Aristotle</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.294118); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.231373);"><br></span></div>Sent from my iPad</div></div><div><br>On 3 Mar 2017, at 4:20 PM, Alwala, Rachel via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div>
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<div style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Hi Victor and listers, </font></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Based on the questions you raise, allow us to draw the distinction and points of convergence on the roles of CA and CAK with respect to powers over competition
matters and on dominance declaration.</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><font face="Calibri" size="3">Powers over competition matters<o:p></o:p></font></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="3">It is important to note that both institutions have powers over competition matters in the ICT sector. The Communication Authority has
both ex-ante and ex-post jurisdiction while the Competition Authority has only ex-post jurisdiction. Ex ante regulation is the setting of rules and obligations to be adhered to by service providers (before the event) deemed to be in a position of significant
market power which, either in itself or through possible abuse of such a position, may impair competition to the detriment of consumer welfare. Examples of ex ante rules that are focussed on wholesale services such as interconnection (applicable to all networks),
access to USSD channel ( applicable to mobile money platforms) etc, where each network is deemed to have monopoly over its own network when terminating calls from, or providing access to other networks.The philosophy behind Ex post regulation punishes abuse
of dominance. The telecommunications and the ICT sector in general applies both forms of regulation. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 5.3pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">The Communication Authority's powers in relation to competition are derived from the Kenya Information and Communications Act 1998(as amended in 2013 and
2015) (KICA). These powers include:<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3">i. the promotion of competition (section 23(2)(b))<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3">ii. ex-ante and ex-post jurisdiction (sections 84Q, 84R, 84S and 84T)<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3">iii. determining which licensees are “dominant in a relevant market” (section 84W). <o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">On the other hand, the Competition Authority derives its mandate from the Competition Act, 2010 (with the 2012 and 2014 amendments) (Competition Act).
These powers include:<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3">i. ex-post (with some powers in relation to market inquiries)<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3">ii. to investigate complaints and markets to establish if there has been an abuse of dominance or anti-competitive behaviour (including restrictive trade practices) (Parts III, IV and V of the Competition Act)<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 18pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><font face="Calibri" size="3">Definition of Dominance<o:p></o:p></font></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Notably, the definition of a dominant operator in both Kenya Information and Communication Act and Competition Act is similar.<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">The Competition Act defines a dominant position as follows:<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><b>S4(3) of the Act</b>:<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">A person has a dominant position in a market if the person –<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">(a) produces, supplies, distributes or otherwise controls not less than one-half of the total goods of any description that are produced, supplied or distributed
in Kenya or any substantial part thereof; or<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">(b) provides or otherwise controls not less than one-half of the services that are rendered in Kenya or any substantial part thereof.”<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">In the 2015 amendment of KICA the definition of “dominant telecommunications provider” cross-references s4 and 23 of the Competition Act i.e. A person
has a dominant position in a market if the person –<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">(a) produces, supplies, distributes or otherwise controls not less than one-half of the total goods of any description that are produced, supplied or distributed
in Kenya or any substantial part thereof; or <o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">(b) provides or otherwise controls not less than one-half of the services that are rendered in Kenya or any substantial part thereof<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><font face="Calibri" size="3">Power over Dominance<o:p></o:p></font></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">On matters of dominance, KICA confers the CA with primary decision-making powers in this regard. Particularly, s84W “<i>The Commission may, in consultation
with the Competition Authority of Kenya</i> and after due process, declare a person or institution by notice in the Gazette, to be a “dominant telecommunications service provider” for the purposes of this Act”.<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Moreover, the Fair Competition and Equality of Treatment Regulations, 2010 expounds more on how the Authority will go about the process of declaration
of dominance. For the avoidance of <o:p></o:p>doubt, the Kenya constitution 2010, envisaged the creation of an independent regulator,free from both commercial and political interests; and which the Supreme Court re-affirmed that that envisaged independent
regulator is the CA.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">I hope that sheds some light that can inform discussions.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Regards,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Rachel </font></p>
<div><font face="Calibri" size="3"><br>
</font></div>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces+alwala=ca.go.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet-bounces+alwala=ca.go.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> on behalf of KICTAnet Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span>KICTAnet Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Friday, February 24, 2017 at 1:41 PM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>Rachel <<a href="mailto:alwala@ca.go.ke">alwala@ca.go.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>'Victor Kapiyo' <<a href="mailto:vkapiyo@gmail.com">vkapiyo@gmail.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [kictanet] Safaricom faces M-Pesa break up in market dominance war<br>
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<div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(11,83,148)">I would be interested to understand from CA, the role of the Competition Authority in this discussion vis its mandate under the Competition Act,2010, and why the Communications Authority continues to have
a role on matters competition. IMO, I think it would be prudent to have the Competition Authority take the lead on this question given its mandate under the law. </div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
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<div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><b><font color="#000000">Victor Kapiyo</font></b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><br>
</font></span></div>
<div><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="1">Advocate of the High Court of Kenya & </font></span><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="1">Commissioner for Oaths</font></span></font></div>
<div><font color="#000000" face="tahoma,sans-serif" size="1"><i>Suite No. 8, Centro House, Westlands, Nairobi</i></font></div>
<div><font color="#000000" face="tahoma,sans-serif" size="1"><i>Office Tel: 020 440 4410; Cell: 0721 847 178 </i></font></div>
<font face="tahoma,sans-serif" size="1" color="#000000">====================================================<br>
<i>“Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude” Zig Ziglar</i></font><br>
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<div class="gmail_quote">On 23 February 2017 at 23:55, Gabriel via kictanet <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<div id="m_3640190392533076387compose-container"><span><span></span></span>
<div>
<div>Guys, </div>
<div>Competition Authority refused to be involved in matters between Safcom and the regulator. </div>
<div>Back in 2015, CAK, wrote to CA and and asked if Safcom had abused their position. </div>
<div>From DG of CA, to CS Matiang'i and the then PS Tiampati, no one was able to reply to that question. </div>
<div>Read below;</div>
<div><a href="http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Reprieve-Safaricom-CAK-refutes-dominant-player-tag/539550-2650002-un4mtj/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr>businessdailyafrica.com/<wbr>Corporate-News/Reprieve-<wbr>Safaricom-CAK-refutes-<wbr>dominant-player-tag/539550-<wbr>2650002-un4mtj/index.html</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>So if you look at the grand scheme of things splitting Safcom is going to be done so as to create room to expedite growth room for another player who I will NOT name now. But look very closely. I mean very closely ....</div>
<div><br>
<div class="m_3640190392533076387acompli_signature">Get <a href="https://aka.ms/o0ukef" target="_blank">
Outlook for iOS</a></div>
<br>
</div>
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<div id="m_3640190392533076387divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri,sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> kictanet <kictanet-bounces+gwarigi=<a href="mailto:msn.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">msn.<wbr>com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
on behalf of Grace Githaiga via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 23, 2017 5:01:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gwarigi@msn.com" target="_blank">gwarigi@msn.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Grace Githaiga<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] Safaricom faces M-Pesa break up in market dominance war</font>
<div> </div>
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<div class="h5">
<div>The thing is that report is already 'leaked' or how else would Jaindi be chambuaring it for us. So it will be interesting to see the final report that is 'undergoing internal review'. And I guess we can interpret this 'reviewing' in different ways. But
you also raise a good point. What were the TORs? Was Safaricom already declared dominant and therefore these specific recommendations? Did the Consultant draw these recommendations based on opinions from some quarters?
<br>
<br>
Look at this from the article:"<i>The report has also recommended ‘replicability of retail tariffs’ meaning that whenever Safaricom is deciding a promotion or a loyalty scheme - for instance ‘Bonga points’ or ‘Storo’ - the regulator must check and ensure that
the offer is being profitably replicated by a reasonably efficient competitor". </i>
Really? So Companies have no independence in deciding on their promotional products to attract more customers? <br>
<br>
In addition, I thought we have a Competition Authority that should deal with competition matters? Yes?<br>
<br>
Wacha tungonjee hiyo ripoti after it has been 'reviewed'. <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Best regards<br>
<br>
<br>
Githaiga, Grace<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On Thursday, 23-02-2017 at 16:21 Ali Hussein wrote:<br>
<blockquote>
<p></p>
<p>GG and all</p>
<p></p>
<p>I'm really curious:-</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>1. </p>
This document seemedvery loaded. And it seems that it has gone beyond its mandate? Were theConsultants asked to provide recommendations to remedy a 'Dominant' position?it would be good if we could have seen the TOR for this assignment.
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>To quote the article:-</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>2. </p>
Safaricom chief executive Bob Collymore said he had not seenthereport, but bristled at the prospect of an external party ordering thecompany to break up its business.
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>“I am pretty hostile to the idea. Wecan’t have other people dictating whether we break up our company or not,” hesaid.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Absolutely. I can't blame him for that.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>It also seems like the Regulator is Regulating Safaricom for thecompetition not for the consumer</p>
<p> - if of course the leaked report is to be believed.</p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>Then the leaked document talks about the possibility of splitting M-Pesa from Safaricom but stopping shot of making the split permanent - as in split them but let them remain under one legal entity. In commercial terms this is known as creating 'Chinese
Walls'. We all know how that works.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>IT NEVER WORKS!!</p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p>Besides which. Breaking up companies is simply a Regulatory tool fit for the AT&Ts, Standard Oils (which by the way is back as one huge conglomerate after being split into more than 50 companies) of this world.</p>
<br>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>3. This is the information age. The Networked Age, The Millenial Age. The core potential customers don't care about Nationality, colour, creed or whatever else. All they care about is What have you done for me lately? or better still - What can you do
for me now?</p>
<br>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>Its clear Safaricom has earned its strips. Remedying market power abuse cannot be to split up the company. The idea that you punish a successful company by cutting it into pieces is preposterous in 2017.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>4. CA, we would like to see the report before 'internal' review. We would like to see it before it is edited. This is the age of transparency. We would hope that the report we finally see as the community will look the same as the one Jaindi Kisero seems
to be privy to.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>Share the report already...</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><b>AliHussein</b><br>
</p>
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<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><b>Principal</b></p>
<p><b>Hussein & Associates</b></p>
<p></p>
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</p>
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<p>On Thu, Feb 23, 2017 at 1:32 PM, Grace Githaiga via kictanet <<a>kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>> wrote:<br>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>As the draft Dominance report undergoes internal review at CA, Jaindi Kisero continues to provide some snapshots.<br>
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<p>"Telecoms operator Safaricom could be forced to hive off its popular mobile money service M-Pesa if sector regulator, the CA, moves to implement recommendations of a market dominance report.</p>
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<p>Separating the highly profitable mobile money service from Safaricom’s core telecoms business – commonly referred to as functional separation - is the gist of a raft of recommendations that international consultants<br>
- Analysys Mason - have made in a yet-to be published reportseen by the Business Daily."</p>
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More details:<a>http://www.nation.co.k<wbr>e/business/Safaricom-faces-M-P<wbr>esa-break-up-in-market-dominan<wbr>ce-war-/996-3824618-vdv5gw/<wbr>index.html</a><br>
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Best regards<br>
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Githaiga, Grace<br>
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<p>Co-Convenor<br>
Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)<br>
Twitter:@ggithaiga<br>
Tel: 254722701495<br>
Skype: gracegithaiga<br>
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<a>www.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
<br>
"Change only happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged and come together to demand it. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change – but in yours"---Barrack Obama.</p>
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</blockquote>
<p></p>
<br>
<p></p>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p>Co-Convenor<br>
Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)<br>
Twitter:@ggithaiga<br>
Tel: 254722701495<br>
Skype: gracegithaiga<br>
Alternate email: <a>ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a><br>
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"Change only happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged and come together to demand it. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change – but in yours"---Barrack Obama.</p>
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</div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div><span>_______________________________________________</span><br><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br><span><a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><br><span><a href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><br><span>Twitter: <a href="http://twitter.com/kictanet">http://twitter.com/kictanet</a></span><br><span>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/">https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/</a></span><br><span></span><br><span>Unsubscribe or change your options at <a href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%40campusciti.com">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%40campusciti.com</a></span><br><span></span><br><span>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><br><span></span><br><span>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span></div></blockquote></body></html>