<div dir="ltr">Dear listeners...has anyone read this? what is your take in regard to the move taken?.<br><h1>Facebook needs to hand over its algorithm if it really wants to end fake news</h1>
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What is truth? <span class="gmail-featured-image-credit gmail-has-space"> (Stephen Lam / Reuters)</span>
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<h5>Share</h5>
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<h5>Written by</h5>
<a href="http://qz.com/author/mcorenqz/" class="gmail-author-name">Michael J. Coren</a>
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<h5>Obsession</h5>
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<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1"><a href="http://mashable.com/2013/03/12/facebook-news-feed-evolution/#8xlfjXFoskqf">On Sept. 5, 2006</a>,
Facebook transformed from a technology platform into a media company.
That was the day the social media site replaced its chronological list
of friends’ updates with its algorithmic news</span><span class="gmail-s3"> feed. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s3">Since then, </span><span class="gmail-s3">Facebook has decided everything its users—now totaling 1.8 billion on a monthly basis—see in their unique feeds</span><span class="gmail-s1">.</span><span class="gmail-s1">
“Once [Facebook] got into the business of curating the newsfeed rather
than simply treating it as a timeline, they put themselves in the
position of mediating what people are going to see. They became a
gatekeeper and a guide,” </span><span class="gmail-s1"><span class="gmail-s4"><a href="https://medium.com/the-wtf-economy/media-in-the-age-of-algorithms-63e80b9b0a73#.hf8t71r2r"><span class="gmail-s5">wrote</span></a></span> Tim O’Reilly, a Silicon Valley investor and publisher, in a Medium post. “</span><span class="gmail-s1">It’s their job. </span><span class="gmail-s1">So they’d better make a priority of being good at it.” </span></p>
<figure id="gmail-image-847649" class="gmail-progressive-image gmail-inline-image gmail-alignnone gmail-zoomable gmail-size-medium gmail-is-loaded gmail-animation-complete"><img class="gmail-progressive-image-large" alt="" src="https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/newsfeed_facebook1.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=320"><figcaption class="gmail-inline-image-caption">Screenshot of Facebook’s News Feed at launch in September 2006.<span class="gmail-inline-image-credit gmail-has-space"> (Facebook)</span></figcaption></figure><p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook
now stands as the world’s most influential editor, and perhaps its most
reluctant. Its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, has repeatedly denied Facebook is
more than a technology company.</span> The company’s <span class="gmail-s1">main role, he argued in <a href="https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271"><span class="gmail-s2">a Nov. 12</span> <span class="gmail-s2">Facebook post</span></a>, is “helping people stay connected with friends and family,</span><span class="gmail-s1">” not sharing news or media. He defined the company as one that builds</span><span class="gmail-s3"> software and maintains servers, and only incidentally manages billions of peoples’ content. </span><span class="gmail-s1">“</span><span class="gmail-s3">We are a technology company </span><span class="gmail-s1">because the main thing we do across many products is engineer and build technology to enable all these things,” he wrote. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p6 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">This is certainly a message
investors like to hear. Being an endlessly scalable platform is much
more preferable to the messy business of media. And as a blameless
technology company, Facebook can float above any </span><span class="gmail-s7">responsibility</span><span class="gmail-s1"> for content shared on its network. Its sole job is to maximize users’ “engagement” for the purpose of generating advertising</span> <span class="gmail-s9">revenue</span><span class="gmail-s7">. But a</span><span class="gmail-s1">s
a company making conscious editorial decisions, Facebook would risk its
bottom line by favoring things such as decency, accuracy, and other
considerations that may depress engagement.</span></p>
<figure id="gmail-image-847653" class="gmail-progressive-image gmail-inline-image gmail-alignleft gmail-zoomable gmail-size-small gmail-is-loaded gmail-animation-complete"><img class="gmail-progressive-image-large" alt="" src="https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/lot-of-5-facebook-motivational-posters-facebook-2010s-screen-print-poster-5-16-x-20-3111.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=320"><figcaption class="gmail-inline-image-caption">Facebook’s internal poster asks its employees an existential question.<span class="gmail-inline-image-credit gmail-has-space"> (Facebook)</span></figcaption></figure><p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">This contradiction was in high relief during the US presidential election. A global cottage </span><span class="gmail-s3">industry sprung up to feed fake news to Trump supporters who proved the</span><span class="gmail-s6"> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/10/21/this-is-not-an-interview-with-banksy/"><span class="gmail-s2">most profitable</span></a> </span><span class="gmail-s1">targets for bogus information. BuzzFeed</span><span class="gmail-s6"> <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.ndb5D8nGD#.icODaoXEa"><span class="gmail-s2">reports</span></a> </span><span class="gmail-s3">17 of the 20 top-performing false election stories on Facebook were pro-Donald Trump or anti-Hillary Clinton.</span> In the last month of<span class="gmail-s1"> presidential campaign, the number of shares, reactions and comments to fake news <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook">significantly outpaced</a> that of mainstream reporting.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-p4 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s3">Facebook was—and remains—a very active editor in all this. </span><span class="gmail-s1">Each day, the company’s algorithms weighs clicks and likes to decide what appears in users’ <a href="http://newsroom.fb.com/news/category/news-feed-fyi/"><span class="gmail-s2">News Feeds</span></a>. Thousands of people contracted by Facebook delete banned content such as graphic violence</span><span class="gmail-s6">. Content predicted to “engage” people is heavily prioritized, while the rest sinks from view. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p8 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">This process reveals a fundamental truth about being an editor, as noted by Brian Phillips at MTV: it’s not an intention, <a href="http://www.mtv.com/news/2955021/shirtless-trump-saves-drowning-kitten/">it’s something you do</a>. And d</span><span class="gmail-s1">oing </span><span class="gmail-s7">little or nothing to curb misleading or fake news is still an editorial decision</span><span class="gmail-s1">, says <a href="https://gseis.ucla.edu/directory/sarah-roberts/"><span class="gmail-s2">Sarah Roberts</span></a>, an information studies professor at UCLA. “Letting bogus news flow through their pipes is actually an editorial</span><span class="gmail-s7"> decision,” said Robert in an interview. “No action is not neutral.” </span></p>
<h2 class="gmail-p8">Time to open up</h2>
<p class="gmail-p11 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">For Facebook to avoid this unwanted position, it may need to </span><span class="gmail-s10">stop playing the only editor. </span><span class="gmail-s1">Opinion
in Silicon Valley is drifting in that direction. Paul Graham,
co-founder of the Y Combinator startup fund, suggested independent
parties gain access to the News Feed to help inform how information is
prioritized.</span></p>
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<p class="gmail-p13 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">The News Feed algorithm is
largely a mystery to outsiders, but Facebook product managers told
Quartz it relies heavily on users’ preferences—shares, likes and
reports—to serve up content that will excite (or incite) friends and
connections. Facebook uses “<a href="https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/10/facebook-admits-it-must-do-more-to-stop-the-spread-of-misinformation-on-its-platform/"><span class="gmail-s12">community feedback</span></a>”
to avoid prioritizing misleading stories, but engagement is the
overriding priority. News stories appear alongside memes, hoaxes, and
conspiracy theories in a </span><span class="gmail-s3">stream of information </span><span class="gmail-s1">whether
it comes from Fox News, Washington Post, or a freshly minted WordPress
site. As people engage with content they want to hear, and share with
their friends, the flywheel of fake news gathers speed. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p14 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s6">That wasn’t a big deal when Facebook was one of dozens of social networks. R</span><span class="gmail-s7">ules that applied when Facebook had 100 million users have broken down down as it approaches 2 billion. </span><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook’s
reach now exceeds every other player in the media industry, giving it
unprecedented power over the distribution of information. </span><span class="gmail-s1">Researchers have found that even even small tweaks in presenting</span><span class="gmail-s1"> information online can sway voter preferences. A <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/08/internet-search-engines-may-be-influencing-elections">2014 study in the journal Science</a>
reordered Google’s search rankings by placing one candidate above
another. The researchers shifted voter preferences equivalent to a 2%
change in the electorate (or 2.6 million votes) in a hypothetical US
election. A similar effect is <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/could-google-influence-presidential-election">possible</a> on Facebook and other social media. Clinton, it’s worth noting, lost three crucial swing states in the Rust Belt by a combined</span><span class="gmail-s10"> <span class="gmail-s2"><a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/11/21/election-results-electoral-popular-votes-trump-clinton/94214826/">107,000 votes</a> or so</span></span><span class="gmail-s1">.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook’s only chance to escape this kind of responsibility may be to open its News Feed to others, </span><span class="gmail-s1">says <a href="http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10992/Zittrain"><span class="gmail-s2">Jonathan Zittrain</span></a>,
a computer science and law professor at Harvard University. “The key is
to have the companies actually be the ‘platforms’ they claim they are,”
<a href="https://twitter.com/zittrain/status/798597027449815041"><span class="gmail-s5">he wrote on Twitter</span></a>.
“Facebook should allow anyone to write an algorithm to populate
someone’s feed.” Giving up absolute control over the news feed </span><span class="gmail-s3">would relieve Facebook of its monopoly over users’ content, as well as the company’s responsibility to manage it exclusively. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Zittrain suggested
third-parties build on top of the existing algorithm, offering the News
Feed as a customizable stream that others modify to suit their
audiences.</span> <span class="gmail-s1">By allowing </span><span class="gmail-s3">anyone to help populate someone’s feed</span><span class="gmail-s1">, </span><span class="gmail-s3">Facebook’s
audience will have a choice, and transparency, into how their news is
sourced, much as they do today when choosing a media source. The most e</span><span class="gmail-s1">gregious
clickbait and hoaxes can be eliminated by repurposing existing spam and
malware tools, while the hardest problem of “fake news”—biased or
misleading stories from popular sites—is better left to third-parties
rather than a single Facebook feed, Zittrain said in an interview. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook would serve as a
sort of app store for groups like the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Ralph Nader, the Republican National Committee or The New
York Times to build “feed rankers” that weight news surfaced in users’
feeds. Users could select combinations that suit their tastes. While
this does not solve the filter bubble problem (people self-selecting
groups they already agree with), he admits, it avoids making Facebook,
along with Twitter and Google, the arbiters of what’s true or not.
“That’s </span><span class="gmail-s3">way too big a burden to put on one company, and it </span><span class="gmail-s1">strikes me as dangerous,” he said. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Others are hoping that third-parties can label content in the News Feed rather than sort it directly. One approach developed by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/avivovadya"><span class="gmail-s2">Aviv Ovadya</span></a>,
an MIT-trained software engineer in San Francisco, is a non-partisan,
fact-based database for news. “There needs to be a third-party
organization doing impartial credibility rating,” said Ovadya in an
interview. The non-profit database company will collect a long-term
analysis of news sources. Machine learning and crowdsourced fact
checking can categorize content and verify falsifiable claims. Social
media companies who want to use this datasource can label news with a
creditability ranking rather than screen it out entirely. </span></p>
<h2 class="gmail-p10"><span class="gmail-s6">Change is inevitable</span></h2>
<p class="gmail-p10 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s6">So far, </span><span class="gmail-s3">Zuckerberg has shown little</span><span class="gmail-s1"> willingness to let others into Facebook’s inner sanctum.</span><span class="gmail-s6"> </span><span class="gmail-s1">Academics and other research have been <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2015/05/facebook_study_why_silicon_valley_s_incursion_into_academic_research_is.html">rebuffed</a> from studying the company’s full data sets. Facebook is spending some of its <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/27/facebook-earnings-q2-2016/">$23 billion</a> cash pile to <a href="http://venturebeat.com/2016/11/11/facebook-buys-crowdtangle-a-social-analytics-tool-for-publishers/">buy up</a>
independent companies such as CrowdTangle that can offer insights into
how content performs on Facebook. The company has also not given much
time to rethinking its approach to news, reports Zittrain who has had
multiple conversations with Facebook employees. “I</span><span class="gmail-s3"> think it’s something they care about a lot, but </span><span class="gmail-s1">it’s also one of the thing where the important and urgent diverge,” he said. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p4 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">But it appears handing over control to outsiders isn’t a complete nonstarter. The New York Times <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/technology/facebook-censorship-tool-china.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=A2F7382EFE2E08725B76B4EDFCA15F21&gwt=pay&_r=0"><span class="gmail-s5">reported on Nov. 22</span></a> (paywall) that t</span><span class="gmail-s3">he social network is testing software to suppress news feed content in specific regions of China</span><span class="gmail-s1">.
The feature appears to be a requirement for Facebook’s entrance into
the Chinese market, where it is now blocked. Rather than censor</span> <span class="gmail-s1">posts itself, Facebook could reportedly let third parties (most likely </span><span class="gmail-s3">Chinese companies)</span><span class="gmail-s1"> monitor and restrict access to popular stories. </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">No matter what the outcome, changes will happen anyway, </span><span class="gmail-s3">predicted UCLA’s Roberts. “There is going to be big shakeup,” she says. </span><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook’s position is untenable. The idealistic idea, rooted in the early days of the internet, that </span><span class="gmail-s1">online
conversation could happen without moderation from the network designers
has always been “nonsense,” she says. “We are stuck in a paradigm that
is out of date, may never have been true, and does not scale.” </span></p>
<p class="gmail-p8 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Public outcry is already pushing Facebook to act. The company <a href="http://qz.com/837474/facebook-fb-is-banning-fake-news-publishers-from-its-ad-network/"><span class="gmail-s2">banned fake news sites from accessing its ad network</span></a></span><span class="gmail-s7"> on Nov 14. Although that doesn’t affect the News Feed, </span><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook has</span> <span class="gmail-s7">said “</span><span class="gmail-s1">we take misinformation on Facebook very seriously,”</span><span class="gmail-s6"> <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/10/facebook-admits-it-must-do-more-to-stop-the-spread-of-misinformation-on-its-platform/"><span class="gmail-s2">in a Nov. 10 statement</span></a></span><span class="gmail-s7">. “We understand there’s so much more we need to do.”</span></p>
<p class="gmail-p1 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">Facebook may be facing its
own version of Google’s fight against “content farms” in 2011. At the
time, Google was battling a rash of sites that paid writers to churn out
low-quality, often inaccurate content threatening to</span><span class="gmail-s6"> <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2011/01/01/why-we-desperately-need-a-new-and-better-google-2/"><span class="gmail-s2">erode trust</span></a> </span><span class="gmail-s3">in Google’s search results.</span><span class="gmail-s6"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattcutts"><span class="gmail-s2">Matt Cutts</span></a></span><span class="gmail-s3">, Google head of search spam, says Facebook’s struggle mirror those of Google’s at the time.</span><span class="gmail-s6"> </span><span class="gmail-s1">“When</span> <span class="gmail-s3"><i>external commentary</i></span> <span class="gmail-s1">started to mirror our own internal discussions and concerns, that was a real wake up call,” Cutts</span><span class="gmail-s4"> <span class="gmail-s13"><a href="https://medium.com/the-wtf-economy/media-in-the-age-of-algorithms-63e80b9b0a73#.hf8t71r2r">wrote</a> recently on Medium</span></span><span class="gmail-s1">. “I see a pretty direct analogy between the Panda algorithm and what Facebook is going through now.”</span></p>
<p class="gmail-p8 gmail-annotatable"><span class="gmail-s1">How did Google respond? The <a href="http://searchengineland.com/library/google/google-panda-update">Panda update</a>. It identified low-quality pages and dropped them lower in the rankings, a change estimated to affect <a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/04/high-quality-sites-algorithm-goes.html">12% of US search queries</a>.
The new algorithm shaved off enough revenue that it had to be disclosed
in later earnings calls, but it restored quality and confidence in the
company’s search results, Cutts writes: “It was the right decision to
launch Panda, both for the long-term trust of our users and for a better
ecosystem for publishers.</span><span class="gmail-s7">”</span></p>
<span class="gmail-s1">Facebook has a harder problem. It can start by following </span><span class="gmail-s1">Google’s lead by suppressing</span><span class="gmail-s1">
clickbait and “low-quality” results. That was ultimately a solvable
problem for the search giant. Prioritizing accuracy in the content, and
not just engagement, will take more—and likely some outside assistance.</span><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 6, 2016 at 1:06 PM, Mildred Achoch via kictanet <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div>Hi Walubengo,<br><br></div>Yes, that is indeed another way to look at the situation. But think about it: The mulika mwizi torch was much more readily available than say people going to look for candles, kerosene lamps etc. In a situation where seconds could be the difference between life and death, the handy mulika mwizi was transformed from a (usually disdained) mobile phone into a lifesaving device.<br><br></div>Perhaps my screenwriter's mind is at fault. To me, the best comedy can come from the most tragic situations. I apologize for making light of a serious situation.<br><br></div>Regards,<br></div>Mildred Achoch.<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><span class=""><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_-7442323998973268863gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Check out the Rock 'n' roll film festival, Kenya TV Channel! <br><a href="http://kenyarockfilmfestivaljournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank">http://<wbr>kenyarockfilmfestivaljournal.<wbr>blogspot.com</a><br><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br></span><div><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 6, 2016 at 9:49 AM, Walubengo J <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63053"><span id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63085">@ Mildred,</span></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63053"><span><br></span></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63053" dir="ltr"><span id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63082">this is not 'light' hearted. This is scary stuff.</span></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63053" dir="ltr"><span><br></span></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63053" dir="ltr"><span>walu.</span></div><div class="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738qtdSeparateBR" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63054"><br></div><div class="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yahoo_quoted" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63079" style="display:block"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63078"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63077"> <div dir="ltr" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63076"> <font id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63075" size="2" face="Arial"> <hr id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63074" size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> Mildred Achoch via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><wbr>><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> <a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank">jwalu@yahoo.com</a> <br><b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b> Mildred Achoch <<a href="mailto:mildandred@gmail.com" target="_blank">mildandred@gmail.com</a>><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, December 6, 2016 12:20 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> [kictanet] A "light" hearted look at how ICT permeates all sectors<br> </font> </div> <div class="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738y_msg_container" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63102"><div><div class="m_-7442323998973268863h5"><br><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yiv2820994692"><div dir="ltr" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63105">"Surgeon used a 'Mulika Mwizi" for a caesarean section"<br><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63104"><br><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/10/10/surgeon-used-a-mulika-mwizi-for-a-caesarean-section_c1434643" id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63107" target="_blank">http://www.the-star.co.ke/news<wbr>/2016/10/10/surgeon-used-a-<wbr>mulika-mwizi-for-a-caesarean-<wbr>section_c1434643</a><br><br></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63109">Regards,<br></div><div id="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1480955779186_63111">Mildred Achoch.<br></div><div><br><br><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_-7442323998973268863m_861992759727086738yiv2820994692gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Check out the Rock 'n' roll film festival, Kenya TV Channel! <br><a rel="nofollow" href="http://kenyarockfilmfestivaljournal.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">http://kenyarockfilmfestivaljo<wbr>urnal.blogspot.com</a><br><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
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