<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">well in this particular case it is the algorithm that was set by Facebook, but for the Microsoft bot Tay was as a result of the machine learning, it was learning and developing as it interacted with other users on twitter.( Cognitive thinking) </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">KIND REGARDS,<br>FELIX POWEL OMONDI<br><b>+254718048029</b><b><br></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b><a href="mailto:powelyomondy@gmail.com" target="_blank">powelyomondy@gmail.com</a><br></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></div><b><font color="#0000ff"><i style="font-family:Raleway,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:22px">“The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now.”</i><span style="font-family:Raleway,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:22px"> </span></font></b><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b><br></b></span><div><div><b><br></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 6:48 PM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Send kictanet mailing list submissions to<br>
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1. Re: Is Facebook biased on its newsfeed? (Ahmed Mohamed Maawy)<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Thu, 12 May 2016 18:47:58 +0300<br>
From: Ahmed Mohamed Maawy <<a href="mailto:ultimateprogramer@gmail.com">ultimateprogramer@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: Ali Hussein <<a href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>><br>
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [kictanet] Is Facebook biased on its newsfeed?<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<CAPZHszMdOd8VcahQ0Njd6bKs3QNjt=<a href="mailto:XQpd7AMNb9m66S2UDM2g@mail.gmail.com">XQpd7AMNb9m66S2UDM2g@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
<br>
I may be wrong anyway Ali. But maybe its the way I see these 2 disciplines.<br>
<br>
But I think Algorithms are more of computations and logic operations.<br>
Machine Learning gives these Algorithms the decision making capabilities<br>
and comprise of a set of algorithms + historic data with the capability to<br>
make predicitions.<br>
<br>
On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 6:44 PM, Ali Hussein <<a href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> Ahmed<br>
><br>
> I stand educated. :-)<br>
><br>
> Thank you.<br>
><br>
> Ali Hussein<br>
> Tel: <a href="tel:%2B254%20713%20601113" value="+254713601113">+254 713 601113</a><br>
> On May 12, 2016 6:42 PM, "Ahmed Mohamed Maawy" <<br>
> <a href="mailto:ultimateprogramer@gmail.com">ultimateprogramer@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
>> Ali, This is what I mean:<br>
>><br>
>> Algorithms: a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or<br>
>> other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.<br>
>><br>
>> Machine Learning: Machine learning is a subfield of computer science that<br>
>> evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning<br>
>> theory in artificial intelligence. In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine<br>
>> learning as a "Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn<br>
>> without being explicitly programmed"<br>
>><br>
>> On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 6:36 PM, Ali Hussein <<a href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>>> Ahmed<br>
>>><br>
>>> Machine learning doesn't happen in a vacuum...<br>
>>><br>
>>> *Ali Hussein*<br>
>>> *Principal*<br>
>>> *Hussein & Associates*<br>
>>> <a href="tel:%2B254%200713%20601113" value="+254713601113">+254 0713 601113</a> / <a href="tel:0770906375" value="+254770906375">0770906375</a><br>
>>><br>
>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim<br>
>>><br>
>>> Skype: abu-jomo<br>
>>><br>
>>> LinkedIn: <a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim</a><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking<br>
>>> what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi<br>
>>><br>
>>> Sent from my iPad<br>
>>><br>
>>> On 12 May 2016, at 6:10 PM, Ahmed Mohamed Maawy <<br>
>>> <a href="mailto:ultimateprogramer@gmail.com">ultimateprogramer@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>>><br>
>>> I think there is a need to differential Machine Learning and Algorithms<br>
>>> fellows. Machine Learning is where the problem is :)<br>
>>><br>
>>> On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 5:55 PM, Ahmed Mohamed Maawy <<br>
>>> <a href="mailto:ultimateprogramer@gmail.com">ultimateprogramer@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>>><br>
>>>> Its not the algorithms Ali, its the Machine Learning process :)<br>
>>>><br>
>>>> On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 5:42 PM, Ali Hussein <<a href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>> wrote:<br>
>>>><br>
>>>>> Ahmed<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> You obviously missed the story of the Microsoft algorithm that was<br>
>>>>> taught to behave like a racist. :-)<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/24/11297050/tay-microsoft-chatbot-racist" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/24/11297050/tay-microsoft-chatbot-racist</a><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> My point is that we do seem to forget that all these algorithms are<br>
>>>>> created by humans who have biases.<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Google is in trouble for deliberately skewing their algorithms to<br>
>>>>> benefit their own products. Not sure this is wrong but the European<br>
>>>>> regulators seem to think so to the extent of threatening them with a 10% of<br>
>>>>> revenue fine..<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> With great power comes great responsibility - so goes the adage..<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> *Ali Hussein*<br>
>>>>> *Principal*<br>
>>>>> *Hussein & Associates*<br>
>>>>> <a href="tel:%2B254%200713%20601113" value="+254713601113">+254 0713 601113</a> / <a href="tel:0770906375" value="+254770906375">0770906375</a><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Skype: abu-jomo<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> LinkedIn: <a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim</a><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking<br>
>>>>> what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Sent from my iPad<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> On 12 May 2016, at 5:20 PM, Ahmed Mohamed Maawy <<br>
>>>>> <a href="mailto:ultimateprogramer@gmail.com">ultimateprogramer@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> There are a number of elements at play here:<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> 1. Obviously to a great degree this algorithm has massively helped<br>
>>>>> Facebook. Not that I am totally on their side, what I mean to say is that<br>
>>>>> lets give credit where its due. Without this algorithm we would have seen<br>
>>>>> massive fallout and loss of klout. This is something Twitter did not figure<br>
>>>>> out so well. LinkedIn is still the place professionals like to hang out,<br>
>>>>> but its not the place professionals like to stay. Just stating how it came<br>
>>>>> to be that Facebook is air and air is life (so to speak).<br>
>>>>> 2. If truly there is a bias to all this (which I am yes, yet to<br>
>>>>> comprehend how this bias is visible) it can mean 2 things:<br>
>>>>> 1. Either content producers are not building influence better<br>
>>>>> than those who rank at the top. Or<br>
>>>>> 2. If not, there is a genuine market opportunity in this gap.<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> But algorithms are algorithms, and my experience developing algorithms<br>
>>>>> tells me computer algorithms can not easily be twisted to lie, especially<br>
>>>>> in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> But these are all books on their own anyway.<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Just my 2 cents.<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 4:52 PM, Ali Hussein via kictanet <<br>
>>>>> <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Listers<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> This mail is coped from the Fortune.com <<a href="http://fortune.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://fortune.com</a>> Data<br>
>>>>>> Sheet.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> The ?Trending? topics section of Facebook seems such a trivial thing,<br>
>>>>>> and in many ways it is. It looks and feels like an afterthought?ironically,<br>
>>>>>> it started as an attempt to copy Twitter<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL3RlY2hjcnVuY2guY29tLzIwMTQvMDEvMTYvZmFjZWJvb2stdHJlbmRpbmcv/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf20eece1" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL3RlY2hjcnVuY2guY29tLzIwMTQvMDEvMTYvZmFjZWJvb2stdHJlbmRpbmcv/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf20eece1</a>>?and<br>
>>>>>> many users probably don?t even notice it?s there. But now, it has triggered<br>
>>>>>> a national discussion around bias and the power of social platforms.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> In case you missed the brouhaha, it started with a report from<br>
>>>>>> Gizmodo that profiled<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL3dhbnQtdG8ta25vdy13aGF0LWZhY2Vib29rLXJlYWxseS10aGlua3Mtb2Ytam91cm5hbGlzdHMtMTc3MzkxNjExNw/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aB4ee70a20" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL3dhbnQtdG8ta25vdy13aGF0LWZhY2Vib29rLXJlYWxseS10aGlua3Mtb2Ytam91cm5hbGlzdHMtMTc3MzkxNjExNw/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aB4ee70a20</a>>a<br>
>>>>>> team of anonymous journalists working at Facebook who curate the news that<br>
>>>>>> shows up in the Trending section. A subsequent report quoted one of the<br>
>>>>>> journalists as saying the team routinely removed certain<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL2Zvcm1lci1mYWNlYm9vay13b3JrZXJzLXdlLXJvdXRpbmVseS1zdXBwcmVzc2VkLWNvbnNlci0xNzc1NDYxMDA2/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf141c2b3" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL2Zvcm1lci1mYWNlYm9vay13b3JrZXJzLXdlLXJvdXRpbmVseS1zdXBwcmVzc2VkLWNvbnNlci0xNzc1NDYxMDA2/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf141c2b3</a>> right-wing<br>
>>>>>> political sites from the section, even when the social network?s data<br>
>>>>>> showed they were trending.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> The revelation seemed harmless enough, at first: Journalists hired to<br>
>>>>>> edit things were actually editing them! But the comment soon snowballed<br>
>>>>>> into a debate over Facebook?s role in news consumption, and whether its<br>
>>>>>> sheer size and influence brings with it some level of responsibility.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Facebook responded to the story<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3RzdG9ja3kvcG9zdHMvMTAxMDA4NTMwODIzMzc5NTg/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf49ae890" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3RzdG9ja3kvcG9zdHMvMTAxMDA4NTMwODIzMzc5NTg/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBf49ae890</a>> by<br>
>>>>>> saying that its policy is to remain as neutral as possible editorially, and<br>
>>>>>> that it will look into reports of misbehavior. Then it issued a second,<br>
>>>>>> even more heartfelt response, after the Senate Commerce Committee sent<br>
>>>>>> a letter<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL3NlbmF0ZS1nb3AtbGF1bmNoZXMtaW5xdWlyeS1pbnRvLWZhY2Vib29rLXMtbmV3cy1jdXJhdGktMTc3NTc2NzAxOA/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aB1d911177" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL2dpem1vZG8uY29tL3NlbmF0ZS1nb3AtbGF1bmNoZXMtaW5xdWlyeS1pbnRvLWZhY2Vib29rLXMtbmV3cy1jdXJhdGktMTc3NTc2NzAxOA/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aB1d911177</a>> asking<br>
>>>>>> the company to answer some questions around political influence and the<br>
>>>>>> Trending section.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> The real issue, of course, isn?t the tiny section of the Facebook<br>
>>>>>> home page that follows trending topics. It?s the fact that the kind of<br>
>>>>>> editorial selection those journalists engaged in is happening every minute<br>
>>>>>> of every day on the main news feed, courtesy of the Facebook ranking<br>
>>>>>> algorithm. And that algorithm, since it is programmed by human beings,<br>
>>>>>> inevitably contains biases of all kinds.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> The bottom line is that Facebook is more than just a social network<br>
>>>>>> where people exchange photos of their pets?it is the largest and<br>
>>>>>> most influential<br>
>>>>>> <<a href="http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL3d3dy52b3guY29tLzIwMTYvNS8xMC8xMTY0MDE0MC9mYWNlYm9vay1tZWRpYS1pbmZsdWVuY2U/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBca65e309" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://link.fortune.com/click/6706588.20757/aHR0cDovL3d3dy52b3guY29tLzIwMTYvNS8xMC8xMTY0MDE0MC9mYWNlYm9vay1tZWRpYS1pbmZsdWVuY2U/55ba80258cc2b2e72d8b457aBca65e309</a>> media<br>
>>>>>> entity the world has ever seen. The sooner Facebook acknowledges that, and<br>
>>>>>> becomes part of the discussion around how it can manage its social<br>
>>>>>> responsibilities, the better off we will all be.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> *Ali Hussein*<br>
>>>>>> *Principal*<br>
>>>>>> *Hussein & Associates*<br>
>>>>>> <a href="tel:%2B254%200713%20601113" value="+254713601113">+254 0713 601113</a> / <a href="tel:0770906375" value="+254770906375">0770906375</a><br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Skype: abu-jomo<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> LinkedIn: <a href="http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim</a><br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and<br>
>>>>>> thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Sent from my iPad<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________<br>
>>>>>> kictanet mailing list<br>
>>>>>> <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
>>>>>> <a href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at<br>
>>>>>> <a href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ultimateprogramer%40gmail.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ultimateprogramer%40gmail.com</a><br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder<br>
>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy<br>
>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT<br>
>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable<br>
>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and<br>
>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect<br>
>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
>>>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> --<br>
>>>>> *Ahmed Maawy*<br>
>>>>> Executive Director - SwahiliBox / M-Power (CBO)<br>
>>>>> Ambassador - Open Knowledge<br>
>>>>> Director - Startup Grind Mombasa<br>
>>>>> Software Developer - AJ+ / EveryLayer<br>
>>>>> (KE) <a href="tel:%2B254%20714%20960%20627" value="+254714960627">+254 714 960 627</a><br>
>>>>> Skype: ultimateprogramer<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://swahilibox.co.ke" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">swahilibox.co.ke</a><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://www.okfn.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.okfn.org</a> <<a href="http://okfn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://okfn.org/</a>><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://startupgrind.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">startupgrind.com</a><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://ajplus.net" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">ajplus.net</a><br>
>>>>> <a href="http://www.everylayer.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.everylayer.com</a><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>><br>
>>>><br>
>>>> --<br>
>>>> *Ahmed Maawy*<br>
>>>> Executive Director - SwahiliBox / M-Power (CBO)<br>
>>>> Ambassador - Open Knowledge<br>
>>>> Director - Startup Grind Mombasa<br>
>>>> Software Developer - AJ+ / EveryLayer<br>
>>>> (KE) <a href="tel:%2B254%20714%20960%20627" value="+254714960627">+254 714 960 627</a><br>
>>>> Skype: ultimateprogramer<br>
>>>><br>
>>>> <a href="http://swahilibox.co.ke" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">swahilibox.co.ke</a><br>
>>>> <a href="http://www.okfn.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.okfn.org</a> <<a href="http://okfn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://okfn.org/</a>><br>
>>>> <a href="http://startupgrind.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">startupgrind.com</a><br>
>>>> <a href="http://ajplus.net" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">ajplus.net</a><br>
>>>> <a href="http://www.everylayer.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.everylayer.com</a><br>
>>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> --<br>
>>> *Ahmed Maawy*<br>
>>> Executive Director - SwahiliBox / M-Power (CBO)<br>
>>> Ambassador - Open Knowledge<br>
>>> Director - Startup Grind Mombasa<br>
>>> Software Developer - AJ+ / EveryLayer<br>
>>> (KE) <a href="tel:%2B254%20714%20960%20627" value="+254714960627">+254 714 960 627</a><br>
>>> Skype: ultimateprogramer<br>
>>><br>
>>> <a href="http://swahilibox.co.ke" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">swahilibox.co.ke</a><br>
>>> <a href="http://www.okfn.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.okfn.org</a> <<a href="http://okfn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://okfn.org/</a>><br>
>>> <a href="http://startupgrind.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">startupgrind.com</a><br>
>>> <a href="http://ajplus.net" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">ajplus.net</a><br>
>>> <a href="http://www.everylayer.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.everylayer.com</a><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> --<br>
>> *Ahmed Maawy*<br>
>> Executive Director - SwahiliBox / M-Power (CBO)<br>
>> Ambassador - Open Knowledge<br>
>> Director - Startup Grind Mombasa<br>
>> Software Developer - AJ+ / EveryLayer<br>
>> (KE) <a href="tel:%2B254%20714%20960%20627" value="+254714960627">+254 714 960 627</a><br>
>> Skype: ultimateprogramer<br>
>><br>
>> <a href="http://swahilibox.co.ke" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">swahilibox.co.ke</a><br>
>> <a href="http://www.okfn.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.okfn.org</a> <<a href="http://okfn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://okfn.org/</a>><br>
>> <a href="http://startupgrind.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">startupgrind.com</a><br>
>> <a href="http://ajplus.net" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">ajplus.net</a><br>
>> <a href="http://www.everylayer.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.everylayer.com</a><br>
>><br>
><br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
*Ahmed Maawy*<br>
Executive Director - SwahiliBox / M-Power (CBO)<br>
Ambassador - Open Knowledge<br>
Director - Startup Grind Mombasa<br>
Software Developer - AJ+ / EveryLayer<br>
(KE) <a href="tel:%2B254%20714%20960%20627" value="+254714960627">+254 714 960 627</a><br>
Skype: ultimateprogramer<br>
<br>
<a href="http://swahilibox.co.ke" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">swahilibox.co.ke</a><br>
<a href="http://www.okfn.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.okfn.org</a> <<a href="http://okfn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://okfn.org/</a>><br>
<a href="http://startupgrind.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">startupgrind.com</a><br>
<a href="http://ajplus.net" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">ajplus.net</a><br>
<a href="http://www.everylayer.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.everylayer.com</a><br>
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End of kictanet Digest, Vol 108, Issue 27<br>
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