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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2">Ebele Okobi | Head of Public Policy, Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2">m. +44 (0) 771 156 1315<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2">ebeleokobi@fb.com</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span><<a href="mailto:wainaina@madeinkenya.org">wainaina@madeinkenya.org</a>> on behalf of DigitalTVAfrica <<a href="mailto:wainaina@DigitalTVAfrica.com">wainaina@DigitalTVAfrica.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Thursday, December 3, 2015 at 4:54 PM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>Barrack Otieno <<a href="mailto:otieno.barrack@gmail.com">otieno.barrack@gmail.com</a>>, Ebele Okobi <<a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [kictanet] Introducing Facebook Africa Public Policy Team to KICTANet<br>
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<p dir="ltr">Hi Ebele,</p>
<p dir="ltr">Those were great responses to questions on net-neutrality vs. zero rating.....and the commitment of Facebook to support delivery of affordable 'full internet'.</p>
<p dir="ltr">My interest is in your engagement work on Spectrum Policy in connection to the efforts of the ConnectivityLab. Facebook has partnered with others in Ghana to pilot TV Whitespace as a connectivity solution for affordable rural broadband. Facebook's
partner in Ghana includes Microsoft, which has supported the development of Mawingu Networks - a TVWS connectivity startup in Kenya. There is however no mention of TVWhitespace technology on Internet.org. With the above in mind;</p>
<p dir="ltr">1) What is the experience of Facebook in using TV Whitespace technology as an option to connect underserved areas? ...as opposed to the other connectivity approaches by ConnectivityLab.</p>
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<div> I think the overall point is that FB is agnostic as to the medium-we think that there are many different potential connectivity solutions, and we are working on pilots of many different technologies with different partners. I don’t think we have enough
pilots to be able to give an opinion, but we look forward to learning more in 2016.</div>
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<p dir="ltr"><br>
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<p dir="ltr">2) With more African countries set to free-up analogue TV spectrum in the coming months as they migrate to Digital TV, are there plans by Facebook to promote the use of TVWhitespace spectrum as an affordable option to avail the 'full internet'?
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<div>Per above-we are agnostic-we wouldn’t necessarily promote one solution over another, as we believe it’s quite context-specific. AT the moment, we are a bit more focused on Aquila, express wi-fi, satellite back haul and a couple of other rural connectivity
pilots, but we also note the excellent work that Microsoft is doing with TV Whitespace </div>
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<p dir="ltr"><br>
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<p dir="ltr">3) Will the FreeBasics model be applied to the WiFi projects that use TV Whitespace spectrum to connect the underserved?
</p>
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<div>What projects are you referring to? Our Express WiFi projects are not using TV White space.</div>
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<p dir="ltr"><br>
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<p dir="ltr">4) What policy barriers has Facebook faced (or barriers it foresees) in running TVWS connectivity projects in Ghana or launching a similar initiative in Kenya?</p>
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<div>Per above, we are currently focused a bit more on the pilots outlined above at present.</div>
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<p dir="ltr">Regards, <br>
Wainaina</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On 3 Dec 2015 17:30, "Barrack Otieno via kictanet" <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<p>Many thanks Ebele,</p>
<p>Very usefull information.</p>
<p>Regards</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Dec 3, 2015 5:00 PM, "Ebele Okobi" <<a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com" target="_blank">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution">
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<div>Answers below!</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1f497d">Ebele Okobi | Head of Public Policy, Africa<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1f497d">m.
<a href="tel:%2B44%20%280%29%20771%20156%201315" value="+447711561315" target="_blank">
+44 (0) 771 156 1315</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1f497d">2 Stephen St | London | W1T 1AN</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1f497d"><a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com" target="_blank">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:11pt;text-align:left;color:black;BORDER-BOTTOM:medium none;BORDER-LEFT:medium none;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#b5c4df 1pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none;PADDING-TOP:3pt">
<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>Barrack Otieno <<a href="mailto:otieno.barrack@gmail.com" target="_blank">otieno.barrack@gmail.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Thursday, December 3, 2015 at 10:00 AM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>Ebele Okobi <<a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com" target="_blank">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [kictanet] Introducing Facebook Africa Public Policy Team to KICTANet<br>
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<p>Hi Ebele,</p>
<p>Many thanks for your responses. I have a somewhat dumb question, some might have been partly addressed.</p>
<p>1. What role does the facebook public policy team play in Africa?</p>
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<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><i>Our role is the same as our public policy colleagues around the world-we are ambassadors for Facebook in our markets, and ambassadors to Facebook on behalf of our markets. We engage
with policy makers across Sub-Saharan Africa (we have a colleague who covers MENA) and with civil society, NGOs, and other policy influencers on policy issues that are relevant to our company. The list of issues is extremely long, but highlights include net
neutrality, privacy/free expression, child safety, online violence against women, access policies (which include issues like spectrum allocation, right of way tax)-really, any policy issue that is connected with being a tech company and social media platform.</i></div>
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<p>2. What led to the creation of the team?</p>
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<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">Same as with all of our other policy teams-business interest and opportunity should be supported with policy engagement. We launched our first Africa business office this past June,
and our team supports our business and policy objectives.</div>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
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<p>3. What are facebooks plans regarding promotion of local content and extending connectivity to marginalized areas?</p>
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</span>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><i>I actually covered our connectivity plans fairly exhaustively in my first email—can you please have a look and come back to me if you have specific follow up questions? W/r to local
content, I’m REALLY excited about this, because this is where I think there is so much opportunity to amplify great local content. We have hired, also per my first email, Emeka Afigbo, who is leading on content partnerships for Free Basics and will also lead
on developer engagement across EMEA. We also have Dayo Olopade, who is leading on media partnerships for Facebook’s platform (so, not Free Basics), which will include news, entertainment, sport, etc.-she is joined by Michael Ohene-Djan, who leads on engagement
with entertainment, specifically. To the extent that you have specific recommendations for any of those people/teams, do let me know, and I’d be happy to connect you.</i></div>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<div>
<div>
<p>4. What is Facebooks defination of Net Neutrality and what is its position on the same?</p>
</div>
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</span>
<div><i><font face="Calibri,sans-serif">I also covered this in my first email, but I am happy to re-state-</font></i></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">
<div><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><i>We believe that services should not be throttled and access should not be degraded.</i></font></div>
<div><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><i>We are in favor of an open Internet and business arrangements that provide Internet access to more people. </i></font></div>
</div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><i>We believe that zero-rating can be a powerful tool to aid competition-it is most often used by market challengers against entrenched incumbents.</i></font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><i>We do not believe that zero-rating of services, especially where the content provider a) does not own the “pipes”; b) does not pay operators for content
to be zero-rated; c) offers the content to all operators on a non-exclusive basis; d) does not require operators to exclusively carry their content, zero-rated or not, does NOT violate net neutrality.</i></font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><i><br>
</i></font></div>
<div><i><font face="Calibri,sans-serif">I</font><font face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">f you have any specific questions, after reviewing the above or my previous email, happy to reply!</font></i></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><font face="Calibri,sans-serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><br>
</div>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<div>
<div>
<p>Please educate me</p>
<p>Thanks</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Dec 3, 2015 9:56 AM, "Ebele Okobi via kictanet" <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="auto">
<div>Zero-rating plans are indeed fully compatible and offered along with paid plans-they are just one of many options, and per my response below, zero-rating that is paid for by operator must exist together with paid plans because if not, the operator can't
survive.<br>
<br>
<span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);font-size:13pt">Ebele Okobi </span><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);font-size:13pt">| Head of Public Policy, Africa</span><br>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)">m. <a href="tel:+44%20(0)%20771%20156%201315" target="_blank">+44 (0) 771 156 1315</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)"><a>10 Brock Street | London</a> | NW1 3FG<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)" target="_blank"><font color="#000000">ebeleokobi@fb.com</font></a></p>
<div><span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)"><br>
</span></div>
</div>
<span style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)"><img alt="6F376569-CC77-422B-BAD3-794055B1E02B" height="43"></span></div>
</div>
<div><br>
On Dec 3, 2015, at 5:57 AM, waudo siganga via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div style="font-family:Arial;font-size:medium" dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>
<div>A quick one for Kivuva, Hussein, Ebele - Please clarify is this Zero-rating incompatible with, i.e. mutually exclusive to paid services? Why cant they operate TOGETHER. </div>
<div>Waudo </div>
<div> </div>
<div>On Thu, Dec 3, 2015, at 01:52 AM, Mwendwa Kivuva wrote:</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<p dir="ltr">There is a good satirical letter from Max, Zuckerberg's daughter on giving people free access to Facebook as if it was water or electricity:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.theregister.co.uk_2015_12_02_max-5Fzuckerberg-5Freply-5Fletter_&d=CwMCAw&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=1ofvsWEAoehiEhB-dCxh1KgaGPcRfqQJtXIk2EWLIdY&s=sTudx9RKEpMTIDrooq2cQ0jfcJSIgIeFLOoxc6FzFHg&e=" target="_blank">
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/12/02/max_zuckerberg_reply_letter/</a>,</p>
<div>On Dec 3, 2015 1:05 AM, <a href="mailto:Kivuva@transworldafrica.com" target="_blank">
Kivuva@transworldafrica.com</a> wrote:
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<p dir="ltr">Dr. Waudo, your questions are valid, and very well structured. This is what has been asked for some years now. And the idea of asking Facebook to come over is for them to school us too on their view of net neutrality.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But find my attempt inline:</p>
<p dir="ltr">On Dec 2, 2015 6:48 PM, "waudo siganga" <<a href="mailto:emailsignet@mailcan.com" target="_blank">emailsignet@mailcan.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> Hi Kivuva/Hussein. I need a little more enlightenment:<br>
> <br>
> 1. Is the "Zero-Rating" issue a debate or has it already been concluded that it is a bad thing? There is a hint that supporting it may leave one in not very good standing..</p>
<p dir="ltr">This has not been agreed upon. We would probably not get an answer to whether it is good or bad. But some countries have determined and outlawed zero rating, some analyze zero rating requests on case by case basis, and other have approved zero
rating.</p>
<p dir="ltr">> 2. According to Kivuva's well-written article "Zero rating infringes on fundamental human rights by denying users access to the Internet". Are other service providers, including those offering "full" Internet Access at a fee, stopped or hindered
from offering their services when some companies offer the zero-rating? Can both forms operate at the same time?</p>
<p dir="ltr">This is a great question. And it is probably the main selling point for zero rating. To answer the question, if you have a data package, you can access the Internet outside the zero rated area. I probably like the idea. But what are the root cause
for using zero rating? Can we make the Internet affordable?</p>
<p dir="ltr">> 3. In Q2 above I have "full" in quotes because in my use of Internet I am yet to come across a truly "neutral Internet" i.e. sometimes I try to access certain websites or services and you are unable as you get a message that you cannot access
that site/service from your country, meaning many services providers already practise packet filtering.</p>
<p dir="ltr">True. There are many ways in which net neutrality is infringed, and there are different legislation from country to country on those aspects. The one that has affected us more is bandwidth trotting, especially of bit torrent traffic. An ISP advertises
unlimited Internet access at $$$, then when you start using more resources than they had anticipated, they tighten your pipe. Bandwidth trotting and protocol blocking was banned by EU in 2014. Mobile carriers used to block access to Skype because it hurts
voice, calling, and text-messaging revenue.</p>
<p dir="ltr">So part of why we have been calling for a Net Neutrality law in Kenya is to protect the consumer, and also have a stand. Currently, the ISP can do whatever they want. The model to adopt is upto the community.</p>
<p dir="ltr">> 4. Hussein gives certain characteristics of a "market" but probably leaves out a very critical one: Choice. The best market is the one where ALL service providers are given the opportunity to offer their services and consumers are left to choose.
At the end of the day it is the consumers that decide which companies and services survive and which wilt along the way. Why choose for the consumer beforehand by barring certain services or business models?</p>
<p dir="ltr">Be careful before you imprison yourself with your own words :). In the same breath of choice, who decided which websites a consumer should have access to? Why choose for the consumer beforehand? :) Why limit consumer choice?</p>
<p dir="ltr">At another level, consumers are not usually very knowledgeable in what they want, or even what is good for a country. I'm ready to bet that if one country allows zero rating, and another country provides reliable affordable broadband, then the
one with affordable broadband will experience faster economic growth. This is just an hypothesis.</p>
<p dir="ltr">> 5. A couple of years ago the cost and affordability of Internet access was a key ICT public policy issue. We said it was a major impediment to the spread of Internet use. How do we reconcile that with opposition to free (ok "free" as Hussein
corrected me) services even if they are only offering a slice of what an open Internet offers.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Cost and access are still very relevant especially in our region of the world. That was why the IGF theme was "connecting the next billion." And there are very great suggestions thrown around on how to reduce the cost. Licensing, competition, usf,
infrastructure sharing, taxes,...... We are really disadvantaged when it comes to utilising the great benefits of the Internet. Now what happens when we shrink that space more?</p>
<p dir="ltr">> <br>
> On a lighter note these days I am very happy with Facebook especially the Groups, as I get to know what is going on in the village. But I have been accessing them using a paid service perhaps I can save a few shillings if I got to know how to connect for
free.</p>
<p dir="ltr">And Facebook likes these case studies. I heard them happily say how they are helping women chamas organise themselves, and also organise civil activism to foster democracy in places like Myanmar. Well, I want that too :-)</p>
<p dir="ltr">> <br>
> I know Kivuva and Hussein have had extensive opportunity to study this area of Zero-Rating and also to listen o experts so I apologize in advance if my questions do not sound sophisticated.<br>
> <br>
> Kind Regards,<br>
> Waudo<br>
> <br>
> On Wed, Dec 2, 2015, at 05:07 PM, Mwendwa Kivuva wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> We are having the most vibrant debate on Net Neutrality on the list in a long while. Thanks for all contributors, and GG for initiating this timely discussion. It's exciting to see many people interested with the zero rating debate. I'm sure Ebele and Akua
from Facebook are fascinated by the dynamism of this group. Thank you Ebele and Akua for graciously joining this debate.<br>
>><br>
>> I'll keep my opinions to myself and only ask questions.<br>
>><br>
>> <br>
>><br>
>> 1. Does Facebook support Net Neutrality?<br>
>><br>
>> 2. Does Facebook's zero rating contravene net neutrality principle?<br>
>><br>
>> 3. Will Facebook take "zero rated services" to areas without any connectivity infrastructure? <br>
>><br>
>> 4. Will Facebook zero rated services reach all the people, even those with feature phones? Does fb have non app based Free basics?. What percentage of your target market has access to smart phones?<br>
>><br>
>> 5. Which network operators does Facebook work with? Are all ISPs welcomed to the party?<br>
>><br>
>> 6. Will free basics help reduce the cost of internet access?<br>
>><br>
>> 7. Does Facebook pay ISPs to offer the "walled garden" to end users?<br>
>><br>
>> 8. Why is Facebook running campaigns for "free basics" in a way to suggest that it is giving free access to the internet? Is FB and a few vanilla websites the Internet?<br>
>><br>
>> 9. Facebook is considered affluent. Would it consider providing free internet to everyone?<br>
>><br>
>> 10. Is free basics bridging the digital divide or creating confusion of those who cannot differentiate between Facebook and the Internet? Is Facebook keen that users from the developing world have access to the whole wealth of knowledge and information that
the Internet provides? <br>
>><br>
>> <br>
>><br>
>> Sincerely,<br>
>><br>
>> Mwendwa Kivuva</p>
</blockquote>
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