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<div>Dear All!</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">**Warning-this is very, very long***<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">First things first-huge thanks to Madam Githaiga for extending the invitation to this community! Akua and I are so delighted to be a part
of it, and we look forward to continuing to engage and learn from you on a whole array of issues of mutual interest-we see this as only the beginning of many, many exchanges. As African women, we are both personally passionate about the potential technology
has to empower our countries and our Continent. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">THANK YOU ALL for such engaged and challenging questions-please do keep them coming. We very much appreciate being part of a conversation
with people who share that passion, and we welcome the opportunity to learn from challenging feedback.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Regarding the challenge and opportunity of universal access-here are some overarching thoughts. Universal and affordable access to the
Internet is one of the most important challenges/opportunities of our time. This group is well aware of the exponential impact of technology, and this group is also aware that the digital divide is most acute across Africa. There are many, many studies demonstrating
this, and the ITU�s <a href="http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2015/MISR2015-ES-E.pdf">
report</a> this past week is just the latest-TL;DR- Countries across Africa are falling far, far behind even our peers in the developing world. The implications of this backwards progress, especially as other countries are accelerating, are potentially catastrophic.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The issue of access is one that no one entity can hope to solve alone. It requires governments, industry, civil society, ALL to contribute,
and it also demands a multiplicity of creative solutions. Above all, those of us who are partnering to address this issue must do so with humility-no one has all of the answers. At Facebook, we are willing to try, make mistakes, learn from them, and pay close
attention to great feedback. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Finally-Facebook is absolutely in
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10102391391204651">committed</a> to universal, affordable access to the FULL Internet for everyone. We believe it is essential to achieving humanity�s global goals, and indispensable for the exercise of basic human
rights. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">So! That said, we thought it would be useful to start with a few facts about Internet.org and Free Basics, so that there is a shared understanding
of what they are.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"><a href="http://internet.org/">Internet.org</a> is an umbrella for a suite of continuously evolving products and approaches, all focused
on the issue of universal, affordable access. It can be roughly described as having three primary areas: Policy Engagement, Connectivity & Infrastructure, and Free Basics, all targeted at different barriers to Internet access.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Policy engagement is working with policy makers and influencers around the world to identify specific policy barriers to universal, affordable
access (to ALL of the Internet), and partnering to create regulatory environments that bring down those barriers. For example, Facebook is a founding member of the
<a href="http://a4ai.org/">Alliance for an Affordable Internet</a> (and I�m so pleased to be joining the Advisory Board in 2016!) a global research and policy advocacy coalition working to make broadband affordable for all. Examples of policy barriers/opportunities
include right of way taxes, spectrum policy, evidence based policy making, infrastructure sharing, and they also include policy issues related to third party liability and free expression, all policy issues we engage on individually and collectively.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Our connectivity and infrastructure projects are some of the most exciting work that Akua and I have the privilege of supporting.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">This includes the pioneering work of our Connectivity Lab-they are the team behind
<a href="http://fortune.com/2015/07/30/facebook-solar-power-plane-aquila/">Aquila</a>, the solar powered unmanned aircraft, which is a bid to use advanced technology to bring access to the full Internet to remote regions, where fiber and other terrestrial connectivity
tools aren�t available or aren�t cost effective for infrastructure providers to build. It also includes our Express WiFi project, for which we are partnering with local carriers, Internet service providers, community exchanges, and local entrepreneurs to bring
affordable Internet access (to the full Internet) to urban and peri-urban areas. We�re currently live in India, and we are launching in multiple countries across Africa in 2016-the team is eager for partnership recommendations, so if anyone is interested in
more detail and/or has partnership recommendations, please do contact us. Our connectivity initiatives also include our recently announced partnership with Eutelsat, in which we are investing in satellite backhaul and partnering with local ISPs and providers
to bring down their backhaul costs, with the goal of enabling them to pass the savings on to the end consumer and offer a much lower priced access package. We are also incubating multiple projects related to infrastructure connectivity, innovative/low-cost
rural connectivity pilots, and including projects related to addressing electricity as a barrier to access. All of these many projects are focused on universal, affordable access to the entire Internet. Some are projects with a shorter horizon for success,
and others, like Aquila and our policy engagement, are long-term bets on enabling the kind of access that is robust enough to empower people to be creators, not just passive consumers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The final category is Free Basics. Free Basics was developed to address a very specific barrier to Internet access�we know from the
<a href="http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/GSMA_Digital-Inclusion-Report_Web_Singles_2.pdf">
research</a> that affordability and awareness are key barriers. This group is no doubt aware of the many, many reports that have found that many people do not use the Internet because they don�t know if or how it can be useful to them. Free Basics is meant
to be a bridge to the Internet for those people-to offer them a taste of the Internet, that removes the risk associated with cost, and that will bring them online. It is
<b>not </b>meant to be a holistic or standalone solution to the access issue. It is also
<b>not</b> meant to be an endpoint for users. Facebook pays operators nothing for offering Free Basics. As such, given that the operators are only able to pay for the program if users graduate to the full, paid Internet, Free Basics is only sustainable if people
leave the �starter� Internet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Some facts about Free Basics-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Facebook partners with mobile operators in markets to offer Free Basics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Free Basics is offered to ALL operators in markets-we want as many new users on the Internet, so it is in our interest to have
as many operators as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Facebook does not pay operators anything to offer Free Basics-Operators themselves bear the cost of offering Free Basics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Free Basics includes Facebook and a suite other sites that evolves based upon location, including those related to maternal health,
education, news, job search sites, general information (i.e., Wikipedia), sports.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Based upon feedback, Facebook has launched
<a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/internet-org">Platform</a>, (which was actually launched in Nairobi, this past summer, at iHub) which allows any developer anywhere in the world to submit their site to be included in Free Basics. So long as the
site meets the necessary <a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/internet-org/participation-guidelines">
participation guidelines</a> and <a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/internet-org/platform-technical-guidelines">
technical requirements</a>, the site is included in Free Basics. We urge any/all of you who are creators and makers to have a look at Platform and submit your content. If you have any questions or recommendations, please let us know, as we would be delighted
to connect you to our EMEA lead on content partnerships. He�s Nigerian (woot-WESTSIDE!!), not Kenyan, but I�m sure you won�t hold that against him.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">�<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Free Basics is optimized for feature phones as well as smartphones<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">And now, to the questions!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Zero Rating, Generally<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">It�s important to understand that there are many, many different forms of zero-rating, so the better question is to identify what features
support competition. For those interested in learning more about the many different flavors of zero rating, please see this
<a href="http://1e8q3q16vyc81g8l3h3md6q5f5e.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/MeasuringImpactsofMobileDataServices_ResearchBrief1.pdf">
excellent report</a> by the Alliance For An Affordable Internet. Essentially, however,
<a href="http://www.researchictafrica.net/docs/Facebook%20zerorating%20Final_Web.pdf">
research</a> shows that certain kinds of zero-rating are actually pro competitive, in that zero-rating allows market entrants to challenge incumbents, which supports both competition and user choice. Further, the fact that Facebook does not pay operators to
carry Free Basics, and does not require exclusivity undercuts the anti-competition claim. Our experience bears this out-in the majority of our markets, the operators who have been the first Free Basics adopters have been challengers-see below for a list, but
please note that it is as of November 12. We also plan to start including this information on our site, so keep a lookout for it in future!). In Kenya, for example, while we remain hopeful that Safaricom will partner, Airtel, with a fraction of Safaricom�s
market share, is our partner. I would, however, be very interested to see research that explicitly finds that this kind of zero-rating is anti-competitive, so those who have it, please do pass it along.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">One last note on zero-rating-it really seems that we should be advocating for evidence-based policy making, that looks at both the costs
and benefits, within the relevant economic environment, backed by actual research. None of the parade of potential horribles ascribed to zero-rating is backed by actual market evidence, and the notion of narrowing consumer choice and denying access by government
fiat, with no evidence whatsoever, seems very strange. In general, especially with technology, an enabling environment calls for regulators to apply bans sparingly, so as not to crush innovation-isn�t that the environment for which this group would advocate?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Statistics on Free Basics<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">There were a number of questions about statistics of Free Basics users in Kenya-I don�t actually have that, but I�m inquiring. We do know
that globally, over half of Free Basics users migrate to the paid Internet within 30 days. I think the other point to remember is that from the operator�s point of view, since they bear the full cost of subsidizing Free Basics, unless users do eventually migrate
to the full/paid Internet, Free Basics is not economically sustainable for operators. With regard to other sources, the operators themselves hold all of the data about user behavior on and off Facebook, and I really would encourage you to bring them into all
of these conversations about zero-rating. I would also encourage those of you who are researchers to join organizations like Research ICT Africa, Alliance for An Affordable Internet and others in doing high quality research in market.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Graduating from Free Basics<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">With regard to the questions of whether users will be unable to make their way out of Free Basics in order to access the wider Internet,
please see below for screen shots demonstrating what it looks like when users want to visit the wider web. And, I must admit that I find this argument incredibly condescending. There are certainly literacy barriers to access, but those are not limited to Free
Basics. Both of my parents were born in villages in the East of Nigeria. Both of them, without benefit of the Internet, or Facebook or Google Maps or even land lines managed to get themselves thousands of miles away, alone, to the UK and to the US, as mere
teenagers, to get their university educations. I am only one generation removed from the village. So the notion that a person would be unable to learn how find his or her way out of a program on their phone just because they happen to live in a place without
reliable Internet access, or because they live in a village seems ludicrous and the epitome of paternalistic thinking.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">In terms of the questions regarding choice of sites-these are excellent questions, and this is why we launched
<a href="http://internet.org/">Platform</a>, so that content creators can submit sites themselves. We are also very open to feedback on sites or kinds of sites that should be included, so please do let us know so that we can connect you with our content partnerships
lead. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Where has Free Basics launched<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Regarding which countries have launched Free Basics, I don�t have an updated list, but my list as of October (for countries outside of
my region) is- Colombia, Guatemala, Bolivia, Panama, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines (with 2 operators), Indonesia, Peru, with many more planned.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">With regard to whether we would launch Free Basics in Europe or the US-our focus is in countries and regions where Internet access is
a critical problem. There are a very few in the EU, but as the ITU study above (and countless other studies before) have shown, the digital divide is an absolute crisis across Africa and in parts of Southeast Asia and Latin America, with many countries at
below 20% or even 5% Internet penetration. We are focusing our efforts in those parts of the world, for what we think are obvious reasons-that�s where it will have the most impact.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Responding to Criticism<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">To the question about why Facebook �rejigg[ed]� Free Basics after criticism-I think that is an excellent example of how we are very interested
in constructive feedback, and that we are flexible enough to move fast and incorporate it into new iterations of our products. That�s one of the reasons I so love working here.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Seeking Eyeballs (?)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">There was a question about how FB can improve its image beyond that of seeking eyeballs�I�m not sure I understand that question or the
link to zero rating, but! To the extent that the questioner has a point of view or recommendations related to this question, we are delighted to hear them!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu Article<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">A couple of people linked to this article written by Mr. Mwendwa Kivuva, whom I had the pleasure of seeing at IGF last month. It�s really
fantastic to see so much more engagement on ICT policy issues in the region, and we look forward to being part of a community of people who are asking the hard questions. That said, the article makes some assertions that are unsupported by fact. I�ve addressed
many of the points above, but there are few that remain, which I will discuss below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu states �Facebook was accused of flying powerful Cabinet Ministers from developing countries to expensive resorts in California
to influence them allow zero rated service in their countries. �<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">This is categorically false, and I would be grateful for any evidence at all to be presented showing this occurred, as this is absolutely
illegal and in the US, at least, an incredibly serious violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. So, if this claim is being made, please back it up with specific evidence so that I can report it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu states �Companies running zero rated services are crafty and just want to add up number of users to their platforms to increase
their advertisement revenue streams, therefore increase their companies' valuation and appease their shareholders.�<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin">Please note that Facebook has deliberately banned advertising from Free Basics, so that Facebook does not derive any revenue whatsoever
from any users of Free Basics.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
major-latin"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu states �Zero rating is not tolerated in progressive countries with strong policies. Ask yourself why.�<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">This is incorrect. Zero rating is explicitly exempted from net neutrality regimes in many progressive countries, including the US. While
there are certainly countries that have decided against zero-rating, there are many more countries that see zero-rating as a tool that has real market benefits, which accrue when zero-rating is deployed in a consumer-centric way that creates an enabling environment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu states �Zero rating infringes on fundamental human rights by denying users access to the Internet. It may be a conspiracy to
keep developing countries in the darkness of the information age.�<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Mr. Kivuvu states, �An interesting fact is; in communities where zero rated services were the norm, the users did not know the difference
between the Internet and Facebook.�<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">This is not actually a fact. There are oft-quoted
<a href="http://lirneasia.net/2012/05/facebook-internet/">studies</a> of people in emerging markets saying that they do not access the Internet, but that they DO access Facebook (or SMS services). I do think this is a very interesting data point about the ubiquity
of social media and how people define the Internet, as well as the fact that for people in both emerging and mature markets, social media is the primary driver for Internet adoption but this is a) not necessarily indicative of now knowing the difference between
the Internet and Facebook, and, most crucially, b) not in any way connected to zero-rating or Free Basics, as none of the studies were of Free Basics users, given that most of the studies predated the existence of Free Basics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">There is certainly a lively debate over the utility of the many forms of zero-rating. But offering people with no Internet access a bridge
to full Internet access, while working on a multitude of programs all aimed at universal access to the full Internet is �denying users access to the Internet� is exactly the opposite of what is being claimed. It is also very important to note that Free Basics
is a choice for consumers. They have exactly the same ability to access the Internet that they have without Free Basics; Free Basics only adds the option of a taste of the Internet, to get them excited about the full thing, when they can afford it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Example of Interstitial that prompts users when they try to access data outside of the Free Basics paywall:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mozambique</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mcel Mozambique</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Seychelles</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Seychelles</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Egypt</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Etisalat Egypt</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Rwanda</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Rwanda</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Liberia</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cellcom Liberia</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Congo Democratic Republic of</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tigo (Millicom) DR Congo</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">South Africa</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cell C South Africa</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Angola</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Movicel Angola</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Senegal</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tigo (Millicom) Senegal</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Malawi</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Malawi</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Malawi</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Telekom Networks Malawi</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Zambia</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Zambia</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ghana</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Ghana</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Kenya</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Airtel Kenya</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#323232"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tanzania</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tigo Tanzania</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2"><a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces+ebeleokobi=fb.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet-bounces+ebeleokobi=fb.com@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> on behalf of Grace Githaiga via kictanet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span>KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Monday, November 30, 2015 at 9:07 PM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>Ebele Okobi <<a href="mailto:ebeleokobi@fb.com">ebeleokobi@fb.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>Grace Githaiga <<a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>[kictanet] Introducing Facebook Africa Public Policy Team to KICTANet<br>
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<font size="3">Dear Listers</font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">Greetings. I hope your week has started well.</font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">The topic of Net Neutrality has become an important global Internet Governance issue in the last two years, and has generated some interesting debates. </font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">In Kenya, Facebook has partnered with Airtel to offer users zero rated services, christened "free basics" which means that several websites have been selected (for lack of a proper word) to participate in the platform, where users
access these websites for free. However, the same users cannot access any other website unless they pay for the data.</font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">Different positions depending on where their proponents stand have been shared. Please find one here by Nanjira Sambuli <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nation.co.ke_oped_blogs_free-2Dinternet-2Dfreedom-2Dcreate_-2D_620_2975634_-2D_f6hgvx_-2D_index.html&d=CwMFAw&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=7NzfHtNVHC-SCC3tykKjEqKI_OKf3NbqHZCb414q6go&s=7IP5PLfCNxE0Qb1mz8EoCzEMDWugoP6smIE2PqODbAs&e=" target="_blank">http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/blogs/free-internet-freedom-create/-/620/2975634/-/f6hgvx/-/index.html</a>
and another by our own Mwendwa Kivuva <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.circleid.com_posts_20151124-5Fzero-5Frating-5Fa-5Fpoisoned-5Fchalice-5Ffor-5Fthe-5Fdeveloping-5Fworld_&d=CwMFAw&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=7NzfHtNVHC-SCC3tykKjEqKI_OKf3NbqHZCb414q6go&s=VDulPJA9EwQqSitPwlCU0keGy2xznFCr3rRVVpX1E8w&e=" target="_blank">http://www.circleid.com/posts/20151124_zero_rating_a_poisoned_chalice_for_the_developing_world/</a></font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">Those for pro zero rated services have argued that it gives more users free access to the Internet, and that it is a genuine attempt to connect the unconnected. </font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Those on the opposite side argue
that zero rating stifles innovation, leads to customers lock-in, is anti competitive </span>behavior<span style="font-size: 12pt;">, confuses the users on the true meaning of the Internet, denies users choice, and makes policy makers lazy in ensuring proper
affordable internet is availed to the masses.</span></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3"><b>Facebook's Head of Public Policy, Africa Ebele Okobi, and the Public Policy Manager, Africa Akua Gwekye</b> have graciously agreed to respond to any queries the community has on zero rated services.
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3"><b><u>The Process</u></b></font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><font size="3">Please articulate your concerns and ask questions as we usually do when we have moderated debates. The facebook team will then look at the questions and respond to you on Wednesday Evening. Depending on how it goes, we can then see
how to continue engaging with them. </font></p>
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<p dir="ltr"><b><font size="3">I think this is a great opportunity for the facebook team to unpackage free basics issue, and it is my hope that the debate will be exciting </font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">given the prominence members of the list have given
the net neutrality debate. </span></b></p>
<p dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
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<p dir="ltr"><b>Over to you listers! And a very warm welcome to Ebele and Akua. </b></p>
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<p dir="ltr">Warmly</p>
<p dir="ltr">Grace</p>
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