<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Help to IEBC. Securing Digital Democracy. University of Michigan <br><h2 data-msg="coursera-course-about" class="coursera-course-heading">About the Course</h2><div class="coursera-course-detail">Computer
technology has transformed how we participate in democracy. The way we
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Most U.S. states have adopted electronic voting, and countries around
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skeptical.</div><div><br></div><div> https://www.coursera.org/course/digitaldemocracy</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><br></div> <div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Aquinas Wasike <aquinasw@lantech.co.ke><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> ict.researcher@yahoo.com <br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, April 3, 2013 12:00 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [kictanet] kictanet Digest, Vol 70,
Issue 201 - Re: Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general Election<br> </font> </div> <br><div id="yiv708492925">
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal">Bob,</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal">Thanks for your comments.</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;">On what the ICT fraternity should do, I don’t think we can do more than simply ask for a properly established and institutionalised IEBC devoid of vested (political) interests and leverage. I think that the thinking
behind its establishment just created a lumbering monster with a layer that doesn’t really need to be there. And so decisions are mired in too much second guessing and political pandering.
</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"> </div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;">As I said, from my point of view, it was never about the technology systems but rather the PEOPLE and PROCESSES. And these people would have also done a lot better had they taken a good view of what technology to
deploy. Again my opinion is that some of the systems they bought were an overkill and unnecessary! Some of you would be surprised to know that we never got to use some of the gear bought for the elections and could still very much be packed in their original
boxes.</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"> </div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;">Only thing the ICT fraternity should do now is to seek involvement and assist IEBC rationalise some of its really unnecessary technology spend and today I would start with advocating that the massive investment
in the BVR and AFIS system be handed over to the Ministry of Home Affairs (Immigration & Registration of Persons Bureau) to use for the Civil Registration System. This is the exact same system that they have put out a tender for and yet we haven’t even started
paying for the one procured by IEBC! So in 2017, you will have a centralised national civil register (database) and all we have to do is go to the polling stations with our IDs to vote! If we don’t do this, what IEBC will do is store this system/s away in
some warehouse and wait until just near the next general election and bring them out for another round of voter registration. All that Shs. 9b stored in some warehouses in Kasarani or Industrial Area! And then at that time you will be told, mark my words,
that some systems have been pilfered or that we require upgrades!</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"> </div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;">On the passport and ID systems, I think you know that we are using the very old ID Card issuance system, procured way back in the early 90’s. It is very manual in its process. It is the reason we spend several billions
every year just to get the card material, that paper (which is sourced from only 1 supplier) and lamination material for the ID. Try it next time you lose one, you should get issued one across the counter, not several months later and yet they have your record
that you held an ID card before. We could easily have a central civil(ian) database and 3<sup>rd</sup>/4<sup>th</sup> Generation ID card issuance with the system recently procured by IEBC. Why waste this investment.</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><br>
Finally, I am not in a position to explain why IEBC took certain decisions, including the matter of the RTS. That is for them to explain.
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><br>
Regards<br>
<br>
Aquinas</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">Aquinas Wasike</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">Chief Executive Officer</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">LANTech (Africa) Limited</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">PO Box 6384 - 00200</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">11<sup>th</sup> Floor, Pension Towers</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">Loita Street</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">Nairobi, Kenya</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">Mobile: +254 722 511120</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">DL : +254 20 2245476</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">Fax : +254 20 316747</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR">Email:
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US"><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke"><span lang="FR">aquinasw@lantech.co.ke</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="FR"></span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D;" lang="EN-US">Website:
<a href="" rel="nofollow">www.lantech.co.ke</a></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"> robert yawe [mailto:robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 02, 2013 3:24 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Aquinas Wasike<br>
<b>Cc:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] kictanet Digest, Vol 70, Issue 201 - Re: Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general Election</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal"> </div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Aquinas,<br>
<br>
Thanks for the detailed post but what would you propose that we as members of the ICT fraternity should do to make sure that the same or worse does not happen again in 2017?<br>
<br>
You mention the ID system which to the best of my knowledge as well as the one for passports work flawlessly which means that all we need is to leverage the same for the next election, therefore there is no need to come up with a 3rd generation ID system.
<br>
<br>
In closing might you be able to explain what was the logic of the IEBC when they decided to dump the electronic system that had been used successfully for the various by-elections and instead internally procure a new system in November 2012?<br>
<br>
Regards<br>
<br>
PS. Exactly what services products was Lantech providing to the IEBC?</span></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Robert Yawe<br>
KAY System Technologies Ltd<br>
Phoenix House, 6th Floor<br>
P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200<br>
Kenya</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Tel: +254722511225, +254202010696</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;background:white;" align="center">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">
<hr align="center" size="1" width="100%">
</span></div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> Aquinas Wasike <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke">aquinasw@lantech.co.ke</a>><br>
<b>To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk">robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk</a> <br>
<b>Cc:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, 2 April 2013, 12:36<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] kictanet Digest, Vol 70, Issue 201 - Re: Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general Election</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
<div id="yiv708492925">
<div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Forgive me for the long post that I am just about to make!</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">I would like to chip in with my comments to the on-going discussion about IEBC and Technology.
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">The IEBC shortfalls were not about technology. It was about people and process and the risk mitigations put around the whole effort!</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Some of you are aware that we were mentioned several times as a player around the technology failures. This is not to placate our position. We had no position to defend as our systems were
fully and properly delivered and performed 100% to expectation. We are very proud of our work at IEBC.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Yes, it was a massive IS (Information Systems) effort where literary tonnes of cash (yes, I say this with some form of sarcasm as we did not need to spend in the manner we did) was availed.
The fiasco surrounding the BVR voter registration procurement (Biometric & AFIS – to avoid double registration/dead voters) has been well documented and written about. Our previous elections (2007) were marred by a resultant election violence catalysed by
a claimed election fraud/theft that is said to have been caused by claims that the then manual voter registration system was porous and may have been manipulated allowing double registration in some areas and even ballot box stuffing in many others. So all
this spending was in an attempt to avoid a repeat of this.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">On 9th November 2012 in an email conversation with some colleagues who I know are also active on this list I said and I quote
<i>“…….I must say that IEBC now remains the single largest threat to the security and safety of Kenya in the way they are managing this very sensitive matter. This is my personal opinion; it is not the opinion of LANTech (my employer) which is currently engaged
in a business transaction with IEBC. I would say very frankly that their level of preparedness is appalling!”</i> Still earlier on, on 30th October I had expressed the very same similar sentiments where I said,
<i>“…..I wonder whether IEBC will not use this as an excuse to scuttle any hope for the Kenyan Diaspora to vote. I must say that the level/state of preparedness by IEBC is shocking to say the least. It is a classic case of how not to! Some of us who are doing
some work there are just shocked at how things have been left to the very last minute and with this you can be sure that a lot of stuff will fall through their fingers. We pray for Mother Kenya!”.
</i>As it happens both my predictions have come to pass.</span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">There numerous goofs were mostly self-inflicted, few others quite external and even others very expected on a project of this nature in which you will expect that they will anticipate and
take corrective action or plan for risk mitigation. Let us say that the main and biggest self-inflicted risk was procuring the systems very late into the calendar of the already known election date (I will not also go into the details of vested interests which
was well reported about). </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">For example the BVR Kit should have been procured and delivered by May 2012 to allow for 90days voter registration period. In the end the voter registration was only conducted in 30days
deep into the election calendar and other milestones on the calendar were equally reduced. Even then Kenyans were very eager and more than 14.5m of us registered to vote! And we must do away with this practise of registration for elections when they are nigh.
</span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Voter registrations should be a continuous exercise (as our new constitution states) and even then anybody with an ID, having registered by the Registrar of Persons (as an adult Kenyan)
should by default have a right to vote. The registration of persons should not be any business of IEBC as you will see in my other discussion that I will start asking for the Ministry of Immigration to stop the current tender for the AFIS/Civil Registration
systems and instead take over the systems just newly procured by IEBC.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">The IEBC enjoyed massive goodwill both locally and multi-lateral partners who ensured that it had all the resources (fiscal) and otherwise to run the elections. This is probably where the
expectations were not matched evenly with the delivery (call it reality). It may seem that the IEBC was lacking in that other resource that may not have been anticipated or planned i.e. its human resource capacity to deliver on the expectations. The 2013 Elections
were the most complicated ever with 6 different seats being voted/vied for at the same time. This was akin to running six different elections in parallel. This is a huge logistical exercise by any measure! Thus the decision and rightly so to use technology
as an enabler to deliver the election.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">If we analyse the Technology dimension, the ICT infrastructure at IEBC was discredited and archaic having been largely inherited from the old ECK. No clean voter database existed. It had
to be recreated afresh with a fresh voter registration exercise, the reason for procuring the BVR voter registration system (worth close to Kshs. 9b as reported in some circles – US$105m).
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Then the EVID system (Electronic Voter Identification System/poll-books) and other technology that went largely un-reported. Even though the EVID system was supposed to be leading-edge,
in reality it isn’t. This was supposed to identify you at the polling station and then immediately update the database that you have indeed accessed your polling station where you registered/are supposed to vote and that you have cast your ballot. This was
the “closest” we would come to electronic voting (as envisaged by the Kriegler commission) which was not possible because of the reality of the communication infrastructure challenge and the general level of literacy of the voting population which may not
be at a high enough level to allow for a seamless electronic election voting. As we are all aware, these poll-books failed massively, sinking close to $40m down the drain!</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">I would say that the risk mitigation applied was in the form of manual forms 34 & 36 that we are now familiar with.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Talking about the process dimension of the election, IEBC would have had to apply a mix of in-house and external persons to conduct the elections including taking the route of sub-contracting
and outsourcing to conduct most of its core mandate i.e. conducting elections. Internally it needed to have the requisite skilled people to manage the out-source/sub-contract operations while ensuring contracted services are delivered. This would be risk transference
at work. </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">An election is a massive exercise in its very nature. IEBC knew that at the election period itself, it would require close to 400,000 people working for the few days to the run-up to the
elections and few days after (say a week). This is a huge logistical process and part of the discussion would have been to allow the BVR and EVID equipment suppliers to also recruit and train the head count that will be used for this period as part of the
ways of managing this process. This would have probably ensured that these gadgets worked and not the excuses that the batteries failed or password were forgotten.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">From the above, we see that the mitigation actions that should have been taken would not only be qualitative but also quantitative. A mix of technical and social actions should have been
deployed. The human factor “failed” this election and one would say that the technology integration to the whole election exercise failed except the case of the BVR Voter registration which mercifully went well/successfully and only due to the Kenyans own
desire to register and not necessarily that the IEBC did anything spectacular about it (as we have seen the voter registration systems were delivered very late in the day!).
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">So then we see the need for a hybridisation of not only the management practise but also the actions taken to mitigate the risks.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">The human element in the whole exercise failed to adequately weld together all the various elements to deliver a flawless election. We are now discussing that technology failed when it
is actually that the people tasked with ensuring the integration of all the systems together largely did not make this happen.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><b><span style="color:black;">What I am now concerned about is what we do with this huge investment in information technology (close to US$ 150m in value). This is huge spend. We must find a way in which this investment
must be deployed in other departments e.g. the Civil Registration Bureau for a complete new and clean civilian database and hence issuance of a new 3rd generation ID card that should ideally serve as your voter’s card at any time that an election may be called.</span></b><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">I hope that this has not been a boring post.
</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Regards</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Aquinas</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">-----------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Aquinas Wasike</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Chief Executive Officer</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">LANTech (Africa) Limited</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">PO Box 6384 - 00200</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">11th Floor, Pension Towers</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Loita Street</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Nairobi, Kenya</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Mobile: +254 722 511120</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">DL : +254 20 2245476</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Fax : +254 20 316747</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Email:
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:aquinasw@lantech.co.ke">aquinasw@lantech.co.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Website:
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.lantech.co.ke/">www.lantech.co.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">-----------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: kictanet [<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet-bounces+aquinasw=lantech.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet-bounces+aquinasw=lantech.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke">mailto:kictanet-bounces+aquinasw=lantech.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>] On Behalf Of
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
Sent: Sunday, March 31, 2013 7:05 PM<br>
To: Aquinas Wasike<br>
Subject: kictanet Digest, Vol 70, Issue 201</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">You can reach the person managing the list at</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of kictanet digest..."</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Today's Topics:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> 1. Re: Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> election of 2013 (Jotham Kilimo Mwale)</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">----------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Message: 1</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2013 09:03:49 -0700 (PDT)</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">From: Jotham Kilimo Mwale <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jokilimo@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jokilimo@yahoo.com">jokilimo@yahoo.com</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To: "S.M. Muraya" <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:murigi.muraya@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:murigi.muraya@gmail.com">murigi.muraya@gmail.com</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Subject: Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> Kenyan general election of 2013</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Message-ID:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:1364745829.35382.YahooMailNeo@web122004.mail.ne1.yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:1364745829.35382.YahooMailNeo@web122004.mail.ne1.yahoo.com">1364745829.35382.YahooMailNeo@web122004.mail.ne1.yahoo.com</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">@Brian - well said in your response to @Walu and also in the article. Ours is a manual voting system, and in 2013 some processes (voter
registration and identification, results transmission and tallying) were enhanced (not replaced) by deploying technology. This technology failed (voter identification and RTS) on voting day thus removing the enhancement but, in my opinion, not affecting the
integrity of the manual voting system. Others saw it differently, hence the petitions. Detailed Supreme Court judgement may shed light on this.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">@ Muraya - the high voter turn out in 2013 can be attributed to several factors, chief among them that it was a fresh register compiled
only 3 months to the election. Chances are the people who registered intended to vote and even if one accounts for natural attrition, chances of well over 90% turnout should not raise any eyebrows. This was not the situation in 2002, 2007 and 2010 when an
old register was updated but the dead over the years were never/rarely removed.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Jotham?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">From: S.M. Muraya <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:murigi.muraya@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:murigi.muraya@gmail.com">murigi.muraya@gmail.com</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To:
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jokilimo@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jokilimo@yahoo.com">jokilimo@yahoo.com</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Sent: Sunday, March 31, 2013 3:56 PM</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Subject: Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Even as conspiracy theories (continue to) abound, let us note age old wisdom stating:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">"Every matter/case must be established by two or three witnesses"</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Over 3 elections/witnesses exist as to how many votes were probably cast on March 4th, 2013.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Looking at Nairobi votes, (i) the presidential, (ii) governor and (iii) senator -- total votes cast were?over 1.3 million (over 72% voter
turnout) in all 3 races.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">If voter turnout in Nairobi has averaged 50% in past elections (2002, 2007, 2010 - referendum), this was an over 40% increase....</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">On Sun, Mar 31, 2013 at 2:03 PM, Brian Munyao Longwe <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">@Walu</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>A forced marriage is very different from a marriage between consenting partners. I venture to say that the "marriage" between Kibaki
and Raila was forced.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>The "marriages" in this election were consensual. Night and day difference.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>As for the RTS system - I beg to differ. Not matter how much we may WANT the electronic system to have been there as a parallel verification
system the truth (and the fact) is that RTS was merely for transmission of PROVISIONAL results (as clearly indicated in practically all official specifications for the RTS). As per the Supreme Court the real vote was the paper ballot count along with the various
checks and balances.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>Nevertheless your reasoning is spot on in terms of one of the ways in which technology *can* be used to enhance the vote. Hopefully
if anything comes out of this dialogue, some of these points will be included in the design of future systems intended to support the election.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>Best regards,</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>Brian</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>On Sun, Mar 31, 2013 at 12:52 PM, Walubengo J <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>@Brian,</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Coalition Govt will be with us forever.?? Our current govt, Jubilee is a coalition between TNA and URP.? So expect "nusu-mkate" politics
to be with us for a while and it is not necessarily a bad thing.? Even UK, Germany, Israel and many other mature democracies have these types of governments.? Perhaps we just need to learn how to manage them.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>@Rigia,</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Nice piece on the technology and election processes.? But it misses one fundamental that most analysts, legal counsel and I dare say
the Supreme court may have missed.? The fact that the Results Transmission System (RTS) is not just useful in "speeding-up" the announcement of results but its fundamental and more useful role is by acting as a PARALLEL verification mechanism.?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>What this means is that once the tallying has been done and announced at the LOCAL Polling station, those very (Presidential) results
are supposed to be instantly transmitted to the NATIONAL Level and thereof made public to the wider national community. In essence the "local" data is no longer just local but becomes "global", and any attempt to modify the same at a later stage,? by way of
agreement, error or outright corruption will require a good amount of explanation. This is because what was Transmitted and displayed electronically is expected to match the physical election Forms 34 as they arrive at the National level, 2-3days later.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Remember, just because all agents did sign the election documents
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>(Form34) maybe good but it is not sufficient evidence that what was
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>countersigned is indeed what was announced (each signatures has a
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>price?).? It is much stronger and a better? check if what has been
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>countersigned manually is cross-checked against another parallel
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>system - the Results Transmission System. One may then ask, what if
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>the RTS is also compromised? i.e. Agents collude with the Returning
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Officer to sends fictitious results instanteneously over the RTS??
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>This is unlikely to happen because as our outgoing President, Mwai
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Kibaki once rightly put it, you need Intelligence to rig elections
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>:-).? Most of this "intelligence" only occurs after a period of time
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>(1-2-3days) later when 60-70-80% of the results at various polling
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>stations is locally? known? but remains globally or nationally unkown
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>(awaiting physical arrival of Form36) . It will not be very
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>intelligeny to start</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">rigging an election, when you are yet to gather the general trend(intelligence) of the results since one can easily over-rig and get
caught :-). So you can bet your salary that instantly transmitted results are likely to be more reliable/correct results as compared to the physical ones that will arrive 3days later.?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Put differently "instantaneous" transmission of? results at the
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>polling stations distributes widely what is otherwise "local"
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>knowledge and DENIES potential election riggers the opportunity and
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>the time to leverage on this type of intelligence. The Results
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Transmission System ensures that no single candidate enjoys the
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>monopoly of local knowledge (Results at? Polling Station that are not
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>yet in the national public domain) and thus eliminates the temptation
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>to abuse the same to their advantage. Knowledge is indeed power and
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>local knowledge is even more powerful - I should add.? If politician's
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Agents knew that Polling results were no longer "local" but widely
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>known across the country - courtesy of the instantaneous Results
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Transmission System - then the temptation to sign against
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>fictitious/edited result figures will be greatly reduced.? Indeed this
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>fact alone, will diminish any Politician's desire to even begin to
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>compromise Agents at the Polling</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">station since it is futile to do so upon knowing that the Results are already "out and about" in the public domain.?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>So my prayer for 2017/18 is that as an ICT community, we must ask and indeed demand that IEBC ensures that as a minimum tech-input
to the elections, the Results Transmission System must work.?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Lets Enjoy our Easter and the Jubilee years ahead.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>walu.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>> From: Brian Munyao Longwe <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>To:
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a> p</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Sent: Saturday, March 30, 2013 11:11 PM</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Subject: Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Kenyan general election of 2013</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Since I have developed a reputation for saying the unpopular things that people think but are either too shy or too conflicted to talk
about I will make a simple point that I have observed over the past few years.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>While the coalition government was lauded as a reasonable way of dealing with the electoral debacle that we faced in 2007, the truth
is that for the past 5 years there have been some very strange and unusual dynamics at work in the operations and makeup of Government departments and agencies. A massive plus has been the much higher levels of scrutiny and accountability. But I would like
to suggest that the benefits have been outweighed by the disadvantages.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>A good example, and one that I would like to use here is the IEBC - it is no secret that the two principals had to "share out" the
various positions that needed to be filled both a commissioner as well as senior management. This has been the pattern for almost all appointments and recruiting exercises across Government.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>I venture to say that this approach has been counterproductive and aside from yielding teams that can work together in planning, policy,
strategy and implementation within their departments/agencies has yielded a replica of the competitive, antagonistic, selfish and almost vindictive tension that has been evident between the two principals since day one.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>It is my sincere hope that the next government will be marked by a complete change in attitude, with more of a genuine team-based dynamic
in terms of setting and achieving organizational goals.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>My two cents,</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Brian</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>On Sat, Mar 30, 2013 at 10:21 PM, Dick Omondi <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com">Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com</a>>
wrote:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Now that we have a court decision that clears the matter of the presidency, perhaps it is now time to remove the emotions of the decision,
turn away from politics and get down to the core issues in real institutional management and those surrounding the processes and the people around the IEBC lest we sit back and get through another four years and put together another unit in the last year of
the 5 and go back to the same merry go round.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>> From: kictanet</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>To: Dick Omondi</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Sent: Sat Mar 30 21:40:14 2013</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Subject: Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Kenyan general election of 2013</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Thank you Ali. I appreciate your comments. Shukran.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>On Sat, Mar 30, 2013 at 1:38 PM, Ali Hussein <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>> wrote:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Wariga</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>Thanks for sharing. I enjoyed the read. I want to however object to
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>the words:-</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>'...the election results show that technology has failed them.'</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>I humbly submit that what failed us in this case is a mix of partisan politicking, a knack for jostling to see how each proponent
could manipulate the process for their own benefit and lastly the failure of the IEBC leadership to accept and tell Kenyans to our faces that the most expensive technology ever bought for elections in Kenya (and Probably Africa) was designed to fail before
it landed in the country.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>I would replace the sentence '...the election results show that
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>technology has failed them.' with the sentence</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>'...the election results show that leadership has failed them.'</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>The saving grace is that we have a sober Supreme Court and we thank God for them.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>Ali Hussein</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>CEO | 3mice interactive media Ltd</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>Principal | Telemedia Africa Ltd</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>+254 773/713 601113</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>"The future belongs to him who knows how to wait." - Russian Proverb</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>Sent from my iPad</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>On Mar 29, 2013, at 11:05 PM, Warigia Bowman <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:warigia@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:warigia@gmail.com">warigia@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>I thought you guys might enjoy this piece.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/201332913551936530">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/201332913551936530</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>8.html</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>Take a look, and tell me what you think. :-)</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>Warigia</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>Unsubscribe or change your options at
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%40alyhus">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%40alyhus</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>sein.com</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT
policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>>>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times
and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>--</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Dr. Warigia Bowman</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Assistant Professor?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Clinton School of Public Service</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>University of Arkansas</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu">wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">-------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>View my research on my SSRN Author page:</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://ssrn.com/author=1479660">http://ssrn.com/author=1479660</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>--------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>This email and any file(s) transmitted with it are</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed.? Unauthorised distribution, copying,
use or disclosure of the contents to any other person is prohibited.?Airtel Networks Kenya Limited does not accept any legal liability for the contents of this message.? If you have received this email in error please notify the Systems Administrator,
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:mailadmin@ke.airtel.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:mailadmin@ke.airtel.com">mailadmin@ke.airtel.com</a>.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>This email and any file(s) transmitted with it are</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed.? Unauthorised distribution, copying,
use or disclosure of the contents to any other person is prohibited.?Airtel Networks Kenya Limited does not accept any legal liability for the contents of this message.? If you have received this email in error please notify the Systems Administrator,
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:mailadmin@ke.airtel.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:mailadmin@ke.airtel.com">mailadmin@ke.airtel.com</a>.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>Unsubscribe or change your options at
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/blongwe%40gmail">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/blongwe%40gmail</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>.com</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT
policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times
and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>Unsubscribe or change your options at
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.co">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.co</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>m</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT
policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>>online that you</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>Unsubscribe or change your options at
</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/murigi.muraya%40g">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/murigi.muraya%40g</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>mail.com</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">></span><span style="color:black;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Unsubscribe or change your options at
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jokilimo%40yahoo.com">
https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jokilimo%40yahoo.com</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">-------------- next part --------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">An HTML attachment was scrubbed...</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">URL: <<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20130331/05bda4d7/attachment.html">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20130331/05bda4d7/attachment.html</a>></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Subject: Digest Footer</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">_______________________________________________</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">kictanet mailing list</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a></span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">------------------------------</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv708492925MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div>
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