<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14pt">@Walu,<br><br>I agree with your submissions, but just to clarify that failure of the parallel systems (read technology) should not automatically mean irregularities have occurred. I concur with you that for 2017, the ICT community can help in ensuring the technology does work. I also think we ought to deploy technology primarily to improve the voting system's efficacy rather than to curb irregularities.<br><br><div><span><br></span></div><div> </div><div><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 191);"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Jotham Kilimo Mwale</span><br><br><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);font-style:normal;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255,
255);"><br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Jotham Kilimo Mwale <jokilimo@yahoo.com> <br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke>; "dongondi@iebc.or.ke" <dongondi@iebc.or.ke> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, April 2, 2013 1:00 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology,
transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013<br> </font> </div> <br><div id="yiv597649934"><div><div style="font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"><div><span>@Mwale, <br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br><span></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><span>All am saying is that the manual system - with all its legal backing - is prone to errors and loopholes as outlined in my earlier submission. A parallel system- the Results Transmission System is would greatly compliment this manual system (not replace it) and would have gone a long way in closing down loopholes while increasing the acceptability of the results by the losers. The risks outlined are purely from an Information Systems Audit
perspective and am sure Dismas Ongondi, the IT
Director @IEBC who is also a Certified Info Systems Auditor will agree with most of them.<br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><span><br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><span>In other words, If we decide to go to the 2017/18 elections with this newfound and increased belief in our manual electral systems, I think we as an ICT community, will be setting up this country to unnecessary disputes that may well have been avoided - simply by adopting and using information systems already provided for in our legislation and procured by our hard-earned taxpayers money.<br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;
font-style:normal;"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">On a lighter note @Brian, <br></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">All marriages have the same level of risk - whether forced or willingly enjoined. Indeed forced marriage in most African and Asian cultures tended to last longer than these modern(westernized) marriages that are quickly and willingly enacted :-). So forced or not, coalitions of whatever origin must have a deliberate program to manage competing expectations for the sake of a stable government that all Kenyans deserve.<br></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0,
0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">walu.</div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">nb: Meanwhile at the risk of being arrested by Dr. Ndemo and his cyberteam (for hate-speech) am reliably informed that the following babies born last week are looking forward to changing their names. They include Amicus Onyango, Verdict-ine Kitili, Lacuna Achieng and Prima-facie Wafula :-)<br></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt;"> <div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <hr size="1">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Jotham Kilimo Mwale <jokilimo@yahoo.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b> jwalu@yahoo.com <br><b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> <br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> Sunday, March 31, 2013 7:03 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013<br> </font> </div> <br><div id="yiv597649934"><div><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14pt;"><div><span>@Brian - well said in your response to @Walu and also in the article. Ours is a manual voting system, and in 2013 some processes (voter registration and identification, results transmission and tallying) were enhanced (not replaced) by deploying technology. This
technology failed (voter identification and RTS) on voting day thus removing the enhancement but, in my opinion, not affecting the integrity of the manual voting system. Others saw it differently, hence the petitions. Detailed Supreme Court judgement may shed light on this.</span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:19px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><span><br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:19px;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><span>@ Muraya - the high voter turn out in 2013 can be attributed to several factors, chief among them that it was a fresh register compiled only 3 months to the election. Chances are the people who registered intended to vote and even if one accounts for natural attrition, chances of well over 90% turnout should not raise any eyebrows. This was not the situation in 2002, 2007 and
2010 when an old register was updated but the dead over the years were never/rarely removed.</span></div><div></div><div> </div><div><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 191);"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Jotham </span></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);font-style:normal;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></span></div><div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:14pt;"> <div style="font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;font-size:12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> S.M. Muraya <murigi.muraya@gmail.com><br> <b><span
style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b> jokilimo@yahoo.com <br><b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> <br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> Sunday, March 31, 2013 3:56 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013<br> </font> </div> <br><div id="yiv597649934"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div>Even as conspiracy theories (continue to)
abound, let us note age old wisdom stating:<div><br></div><div>"Every matter/case must be established by two or three witnesses"<div><br></div>
<div style="">Over 3 elections/witnesses exist as to how many votes were probably cast on March 4th, 2013.</div><div style=""><br></div><div style="">Looking at Nairobi votes, (i) the presidential, (ii) governor and (iii) senator -- total votes cast were over 1.3 million (over 72% voter turnout) in all 3 races.</div>
<div style=""><br></div><div style="">If voter turnout in Nairobi has averaged 50% in past elections (2002, 2007, 2010 - referendum), this was an over 40% increase....</div><div style=""><br></div></div></div><div class="yiv597649934gmail_extra">
<br><br><div class="yiv597649934gmail_quote">On Sun, Mar 31, 2013 at 2:03 PM, Brian Munyao Longwe <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="yiv597649934gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div><div>@Walu<br><br></div>A forced marriage is very different from a marriage between consenting partners. I venture to say that the "marriage" between Kibaki and Raila was forced.<br>
<br></div>The "marriages" in this election were consensual. Night and day difference.<br><br></div>As for the RTS system - I beg to differ. Not matter how much we may WANT the electronic system to have been there as a parallel verification system the truth (and the fact) is that RTS was merely for transmission of PROVISIONAL results (as clearly indicated in practically all official specifications for the RTS). As per the Supreme Court the real vote was the paper ballot count along with the various checks and balances.<br>
<br></div>Nevertheless your reasoning is spot on in terms of one of the ways in which technology *can* be used to enhance the vote. Hopefully if anything comes out of this dialogue, some of these points will be included in the design of future systems intended to support the election.<br>
<br></div><div>Best regards,<br></div><div><br></div>Brian<br></div><div class="yiv597649934HOEnZb"><div class="yiv597649934h5"><div class="yiv597649934gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="yiv597649934gmail_quote">On Sun, Mar 31, 2013 at 12:52 PM, Walubengo J <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="yiv597649934gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div><div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><div><span>@Brian, <br></span></div>
<div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<span>Coalition Govt will be with us forever. Our current govt, Jubilee is a coalition between TNA and URP. So expect "nusu-mkate" politics to be with us for a while and it is not necessarily a bad thing. Even UK, Germany, Israel and many other mature democracies have these types of governments. Perhaps we just need to learn how to manage them.</span></div>
<div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
@Rigia,</div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">Nice piece on the technology and election processes. But it misses one fundamental that most analysts, legal counsel and I dare say the Supreme court may have missed. The fact that the Results Transmission System (RTS) is not just useful in "speeding-up" the announcement of results but its fundamental and more useful role is by acting as a PARALLEL verification mechanism. <br>
</div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
What this means is that once
the tallying has been done and announced at the LOCAL Polling station, those very (Presidential) results are supposed to be <span style="font-weight:bold;">instantly </span>transmitted to the NATIONAL Level and thereof made public to the wider national community. In essence the "local" data is no longer just local but becomes "global", and any attempt to modify the same at a later stage, by way of agreement, error or outright corruption will require a good amount of explanation. This is because what was Transmitted and displayed electronically is expected to match the physical election Forms 34 as they arrive at the National level, 2-3days later. <br>
</div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
Remember, just because all agents did sign the election documents (Form34) maybe good but it is not sufficient evidence that what was countersigned is indeed what was announced (each signatures has a price?). It is much stronger and a better check if what has been countersigned manually is cross-checked against <span style="font-weight:bold;">another </span>parallel system - the Results Transmission System. One may then ask, what if the RTS is also compromised? i.e. Agents collude with the Returning Officer to sends fictitious results instanteneously over the RTS? This is unlikely to happen because as our outgoing President, Mwai Kibaki once rightly put it, you need Intelligence to rig elections :-). Most of this "intelligence" only occurs after a period of time (1-2-3days) later when 60-70-80% of the results at various polling stations is <span style="font-weight:bold;">locally </span>known
but remains <span style="font-weight:bold;">globally or nationally</span> unkown (awaiting physical arrival of Form36) . It will not be very intelligeny to start rigging an election, when you are yet to gather the general trend(intelligence) of the results since one can easily over-rig and get caught :-). So you can bet your salary that instantly transmitted results are likely to be more reliable/correct results as compared to the physical ones that will arrive 3days later. <br>
</div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
Put differently "instantaneous" transmission of results at the polling stations distributes widely what is otherwise "local" knowledge and DENIES
potential election riggers the opportunity and the time to leverage on this type of intelligence. The Results Transmission System ensures that no single candidate enjoys the monopoly of local knowledge (Results at Polling Station that are not yet in the national public domain) and thus eliminates the temptation to abuse the same to their advantage. Knowledge is indeed power and local knowledge is even more powerful - I should add. If politician's Agents knew that Polling results were no longer "local" but widely known across the country - courtesy of the instantaneous Results Transmission System - then the temptation to sign against fictitious/edited result figures will be greatly reduced. Indeed this fact alone, will diminish any Politician's desire to even begin to compromise Agents at the Polling station since it is futile to do so upon knowing that the Results are already "out and about" in the public domain. <br>
</div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
So my prayer for 2017/18 is that as an ICT community, we must ask and indeed demand that IEBC ensures that as a minimum tech-input to the elections, the Results Transmission System must work. </div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">Lets Enjoy our Easter and the Jubilee years ahead.<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">walu.<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"> <br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;"><br><span></span></div><div style="font-style:normal;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent;font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;">
<span><br></span></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;font-size:12pt;"> <div style="font-family:'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif;font-size:12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial"> <hr size="1">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Brian Munyao Longwe <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a> p<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>> <br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> Saturday, March 30, 2013 11:11 PM<div>
<div><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013<br> </div></div></font> </div><div><div> <br>
<div><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div><div>Since I have developed a reputation for saying the unpopular things that people think but are either too shy or too conflicted to talk about I will make a simple point that I have observed over the past few years.<br>
<br></div>While the coalition government was lauded as a reasonable way of dealing with the electoral debacle that we faced in 2007, the truth is that for the past 5 years there have been some very strange and unusual dynamics at work in the operations and makeup of Government departments and agencies. A massive plus has been the much higher levels of scrutiny and accountability. But I would like to suggest that the benefits have been outweighed by the disadvantages.<br>
<br></div>A good example, and one that I would like to use here is the IEBC - it is no secret that the two principals had to "share out" the various positions that needed to be filled both a commissioner as well as senior management. This has been the pattern for almost all appointments and recruiting exercises across Government.<br>
<br></div>I venture to say that this approach has been counterproductive and aside from yielding teams that can work together in planning, policy, strategy and implementation within their departments/agencies has yielded a replica of the competitive, antagonistic, selfish and almost vindictive tension that has been evident between the two principals since day one.<br>
<br></div>It is my sincere hope that the next government will be marked by a complete change in attitude, with more of a genuine team-based dynamic in terms of setting and achieving organizational goals.<br><br></div>My two cents,<br>
<br>Brian<br></div><div><br><br><div>On Sat, Mar 30, 2013 at 10:21 PM, Dick Omondi <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com">Dick.Omondi@ke.airtel.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div><font color="navy" face="Arial">
Now that we have a court decision that clears the matter of the presidency, perhaps it is now time to remove the emotions of the decision, turn away from politics and get down to the core issues in real institutional management and those surrounding the processes and the people around the IEBC lest we sit back and get through another four years and put together another unit in the last year of the 5 and go back to the same merry go round.</font></div>
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
<font face="Tahoma">
<b>From</b>: kictanet <u></u>
<br><b>To</b>: Dick Omondi
<br><b>Cc</b>: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <u></u>
<br><b>Sent</b>: Sat Mar 30 21:40:14 2013<div><br><b>Subject</b>: Re: [kictanet] Opinion Technology, transparency, and the Kenyan general election of 2013
<br></div></font><div><div>
<div dir="ltr">Thank you Ali. I appreciate your comments. Shukran. <br></div><div><br><br><div>On Sat, Mar 30, 2013 at 1:38 PM, Ali Hussein <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:ali@hussein.me.ke">ali@hussein.me.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div><div>Wariga</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks for sharing. I enjoyed the read. I want to however object to the words:-</div>
<div><span><br></span></div><div><span>'...the election results show that technology has failed them.'</span></div><div><span><br>
</span></div><div>I humbly submit that what failed us in this case is a mix of partisan politicking, a knack for jostling to see how each proponent could manipulate the process for their own benefit and lastly the failure of the IEBC leadership to accept and tell Kenyans to our faces that the most expensive technology ever bought for elections in Kenya (and Probably Africa) was designed to fail before it landed in the country.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I would replace the sentence '...the election results show that technology has failed them.' with the sentence</div><div><br></div><div>'...the election results show that <b>leadership</b> has failed them.'</div>
<div><br></div><div>The saving grace is that we have a sober Supreme Court and we thank God for them.</div><div><br></div><div><div>Ali Hussein</div><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:medium;">CEO | 3mice interactive media Ltd</div>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:medium;">Principal | Telemedia Africa Ltd</div></div><div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:medium;"><br></div><div><span>+254 773/713 601113</span></div><div><span><br></span></div>
<div><span>"The future belongs to him who knows how to wait." - Russian Proverb</span></div><div><br></div><span>Sent from my iPad</span></div><div><div><div><br>On Mar 29, 2013, at 11:05 PM, Warigia Bowman <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:warigia@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:warigia@gmail.com">warigia@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><br><div>I thought you guys might enjoy this piece. <br><br><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/2013329135519365308.html">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/2013329135519365308.html</a><br>
<br></div><div>Take a look, and tell me what you think. :-) <br><br></div><div>Warigia<br></div></div>
</div></blockquote></div></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><span>_______________________________________________</span><div><br><span>kictanet mailing list</span><br><span><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a></span><br>
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</div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div>Dr. Warigia Bowman</div>
<div>Assistant Professor </div><div>Clinton School of Public Service</div><div>University of Arkansas</div><div><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu">wbowman@clintonschool.uasys.edu</a></div>
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<br>View my research on my SSRN Author page:
<br><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://ssrn.com/author=1479660">http://ssrn.com/author=1479660</a>
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<br>
The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>
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<br><br>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you
follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br><br> </div></div> </div>
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br>
<br>
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>
</div><br>_______________________________________________<br>kictanet mailing list<br><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br><br>Unsubscribe or change your options at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jokilimo%40yahoo.com">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jokilimo%40yahoo.com</a><br><br>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br><br>KICTANetiquette :
Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online
that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br><br> </div> </div> </div></div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>kictanet mailing list<br><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br><br>Unsubscribe or change your options at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com">https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com</a><br><br>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and
institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation.
The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<br><br>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<br><br> </div> </div> </div></div></div><br><br> </div> </div> </div></body></html>