+1.<br><br><font color="#330099"><font><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Thanks Ory, <font>at least</font> its a <font>development<font> <font>in the right directi<font>on, us<font>ing technology to manage elections , it will be a lot easier tha<font>n the PDF's to check data.<br>
<br><font>Gideon Rop,<br><font>DotConnectAfri<font>ca.<br><br></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Dec 19, 2012 at 12:00 PM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Kenya Elections API (Ory Okolloh)<br>
2. Did Kenya win or lose Internet calls battle @ WCIT? (Walubengo J)<br>
3. World Conference on International Telecommunications - Did<br>
Kenya Win or Lose? (Walubengo J)<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Tue, 18 Dec 2012 17:04:00 +0200<br>
From: Ory Okolloh <<a href="mailto:ookolloh@gmail.com">ookolloh@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Subject: [kictanet] Kenya Elections API<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<CABWH-6pkFc2=<a href="mailto:A7fHH-DuN_N8B-pT3B2Yqj88SsWbLvyfeKr4qg@mail.gmail.com">A7fHH-DuN_N8B-pT3B2Yqj88SsWbLvyfeKr4qg@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>
Hi listers,<br>
<br>
Work in progress but in the spirit of launch and iterate, announcing the<br>
Kenya Elections API - more to come in the new year. <a href="http://api.iebc.or.ke" target="_blank">http://api.iebc.or.ke</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
Ory<br>
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Message: 2<br>
Date: Tue, 18 Dec 2012 21:43:57 -0800 (PST)<br>
From: Walubengo J <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>><br>
To: Grace Githaiga <<a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a>><br>
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Subject: [kictanet] Did Kenya win or lose Internet calls battle @<br>
WCIT?<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<<a href="mailto:1355895837.15844.YahooMailNeo@web160601.mail.bf1.yahoo.com">1355895837.15844.YahooMailNeo@web160601.mail.bf1.yahoo.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
<br>
GG,<br>
<br>
Here's another view....<br>
<br>
>>>>>>>><br>
<br>
<br>
As Kenyans focused locally on political coalitions, marriages<br>
and divorces, governments convened and concluded a meeting in Dubai<br>
known as the World Conference on International Telecommunications, 2012. Governments were revising a 1982 Treaty, which describes how<br>
international telecommunication services will be governed over the next<br>
one to two decades.<br>
<br>
ITUs role was best appreciated in 1970s through<br>
the 1980s & 1990s when telcos were largely government owned and by<br>
extension, the same governments as members of ITU would make binding<br>
decisions on how these telecommunication companies (e.g. the defunct<br>
Kenya Posts & Telecommunication Companies, KPTC) would interconnect<br>
internationally to others. ITU would therefore define the technical<br>
standards and protocols for the interconnection as well as the<br>
international charges....<br>
more @<br>
<br>
<a href="http://tinyurl.com/cmpy36u" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/cmpy36u</a><br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Opinion---Analysis/Did-Kenya-win-or-lose-Internet-calls-battle/-/539548/1645934/-/vwo47gz/-/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Opinion---Analysis/Did-Kenya-win-or-lose-Internet-calls-battle/-/539548/1645934/-/vwo47gz/-/index.html</a><br>
<br>
<br>
walu.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Grace Githaiga <<a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a>><br>
To: <a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a><br>
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2012 1:07 AM<br>
Subject: [kictanet] The highlights and low points of WCIT<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
The logic of<br>
forcing the world?s governments into a box to rewrite a global treaty that has<br>
stood for 24 years in just 14 days may be questionable,?<br>
<br>
but it definitely creates<br>
an event and along with that moments that stand out and set the general tone<br>
and atmosphere of the meeting itself.<br>
<br>
Here are the<br>
main ones from WCIT 2012:?<br>
<a href="http://news.dot-nxt.com/2012/12/14/highlights-and-low-points-wcit" target="_blank">http://news.dot-nxt.com/2012/12/14/highlights-and-low-points-wcit</a><br>
<br>
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Message: 3<br>
Date: Tue, 18 Dec 2012 21:53:27 -0800 (PST)<br>
From: Walubengo J <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>><br>
To: KICTAnet KICTAnet <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>
Subject: [kictanet] World Conference on International<br>
Telecommunications - Did Kenya Win or Lose?<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<<a href="mailto:1355896407.21875.YahooMailNeo@web160606.mail.bf1.yahoo.com">1355896407.21875.YahooMailNeo@web160606.mail.bf1.yahoo.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
Here is the un-edited version. The Editor, stripped off all the technical jargon from the published version - as usual :-). But am sure this forum can soak in the slight tech-jargon.<br>
<br>
<br>
walu.<br>
<br>
#######<br>
<br>
<br>
World Conference on International Telecommunications - Did Kenya Win or Lose?<br>
<br>
As<br>
Kenyans focused locally on political coalitions, marriages and<br>
divorces, governments convened and concluded a meeting in Dubai known as<br>
the World Conference on International Telecommunications, 2012 (WCIT,<br>
pronounced "weakit"). Governments were revising a 1982 Treaty which<br>
describes how International Telecommunication services will be governed<br>
over the next one to two decades. Historically, the International<br>
Telecommunication Union (ITU) was founded in Paris in 1865 as the<br>
International Telegraph Union and took its present name in 1932, and by<br>
1947 it had became a specialized agency of the United Nations in charge<br>
of Telecommunications.<br>
<br>
ITUs role was best appreciated in 1970s<br>
through the 1980s & 1990s when Telco companies were largely<br>
government owned and by extension, the same governments as members of<br>
ITU would make binding decisions on how these telecommunication<br>
companies (e.g. the defunct Kenya Posts & Telecommunication<br>
Companies, KPTC) would interconnect internationally to others. ITU would<br>
therefore define the technical standards and protocols for the<br>
interconnection as well as how the various Telcos would settle the<br>
international charges arising from the telecommunication traffic<br>
exchanged.<br>
<br>
Basically this meant that when a telephone call was<br>
made from London to Nairobi, it would mainly be originated by the<br>
government owned British Telecoms (BT) and would terminate onto the<br>
government owned KPTC network. The originator of the call, BT would then<br>
pay KPTC for<br>
terminating the call according to the widely cited "Sender-Pays" model.<br>
Needless to say, KPTC and other Telcos in developing countries made<br>
billions of shillings in this arrangement simply because there were more<br>
calls originating from abroad and terminating locally as compared to<br>
those originated locally and terminated abroad. This meant that<br>
developing countries were the Net beneficiaries of this charging and<br>
accounting arrangement.<br>
<br>
So what has changed? The simple answer is<br>
the Internet. The Internet has changed the rules of the game. Majority<br>
of todays telephone calls, Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) are<br>
carried over the Internet instead of the traditional, ITU defined<br>
protocols that carried Voice communications. Biggest example ofcourse is<br>
"Skype", which boasts of close to a billion registered users who make<br>
international voice calls - without following the "Sender-Pays" model.<br>
The pay structure for the Internet based applications is<br>
based on the "Bill and Keep" model whereby the ISPs charge users for<br>
local Usage while they look for a foreign ISP to terminate their traffic<br>
preferably for free (Peering Agreement) or at minimum fee (Transit<br>
Agreement).<br>
<br>
<br>
The crux of the matter is that these Peering and<br>
Transit agreements are negotiated and made privately between various<br>
ISPs and OUTSIDE the realm of ITU and its membership. Since membership<br>
of ITU is made up of Governments, one can begin to see how the battle<br>
lines become clear. One one hand, you have Developing<br>
Countries/Governments largely fronting for their Telecommunication<br>
Companies who have since lost a huge chunk of their revenues because the<br>
money they used collect when voice traffic was not Internet based has<br>
dried up. On the other hand, you have Developed Countries/Governments<br>
fronting for Internet based companies who are making billions by<br>
transmitting Voice communication over the Internet without due regard to<br>
"Sender-pays" arrangements.<br>
<br>
Everything was going as planned<br>
until one of the developing countries, Kenya, declined to sign the<br>
Telecommunication Treaty. It was immediately lumped together with the US<br>
and Europeans and celebrated as the beacon of light in an otherwise<br>
group of developing countries bent on controlling and stifling the<br>
Internet. In the same breath, African countries demonised Kenya for<br>
failing to stand up for a chance to restore billions of shillings that<br>
used to be collected by the Telcos during "Sender-pays" models.<br>
<br>
Did<br>
Kenya win or lose at the WCIT -2012? Only time will tell, but for now,<br>
one can say that Kenya may have won a battle for the Internet community,<br>
but may have lost the war - in as far as the regional, geo-political<br>
dimensions are concerned.<br>
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