<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left" align="left"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Hi
Listers,</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">When it
comes to admissibility of electronic records the court is guided by Sections
106A-I of the Evidence Act.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">The basic
provisions are</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">-Any
information contained in an electronic record shall be considered to be a
document and admissible in evidence without need to produce the original
document provided the following conditions are met</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
information was produced from a computer which was used to process it by a
person having lawful control over that computer</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
information was input into the computer in the ordinary course of business/activities</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
computer was operational during the period in which the information was stored
and if not, the malfunction did not distort/affect the information</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">If
the information is entered by a series of computers, they shall be deemed to constitute
one computer</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Regarding
electronic signatures, the subscriber of that signature must prove that it is
theirs unless the signature is secure</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The
court will presume in the case of documents containing electronic signatures
that the signature has not been altered since it was affixed, unless it is
proved to the contrary</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Information
contained in electronic form of the government gazette is admissible provided
it is contained in the format required by law</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A court shall presume that every
electronic record purporting to be an agreement containing the electronic
signatures of the parties was concluded by affixing the digital signature of
the parties</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">��������
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Regarding e-mails and other
electronic messages ( sms) the court may presume that the message forwarded by
the originator to the person to whom the message purports to be addressed
corresponds with the message as fed into his computer(or phone as the case may
be) for transmission, but the court shall not make any presumption as to the
person by whom such a message was sent.</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:.25in"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">From the definition of computer in the act,the conditions would also apply to
IPADS,PHONES ETC.</span></b></p>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Sep 22, 2011 at 2:34 AM, Grace Githaiga <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ggithaiga@hotmail.com">ggithaiga@hotmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div><div dir="ltr">
<span><font size="3">�<br>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt">Good morning Listers<u></u><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt"><u></u>�<u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt">This is day six of our discussion on <b><i>Aligning records management with ICT e-government and Freedom of Information in East Africa</i></b><i>, </i>a study conducted by International Records Management Trust (IRMT) and supported by IDRC <i>. </i>The study covered five Eastern African Countries namely Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Tanzania<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt">Today is our last day to focus on the second theme namely: <b>Electronic Records and Citizens.</b><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">Under this theme, three issues were identified and today we look at the third issue namely</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt"> Evidentiary Value of Electronic Records: relying on electronic records before the law recognizes them as evidence put governments and citizens at risk. If electronic records are to have value as evidence, the laws of evidence need to be reformed.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">�</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">Consider this:</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;font-size:10pt"><span>�<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'">�������� </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt">What laws define the rules of evidence in Kenya?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;font-size:10pt"><span>�<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'">�������� </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt">What do these laws provide in respect of admissibility of electronic records as evidence in judicial and quasi-judicial processes?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;font-size:10pt"><span>�<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'">�������� </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Have there been any reforms in respect of these laws?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol;font-size:10pt"><span>�<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'">�������� </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt">What issues do these laws need to address?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt"></span></b>�</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt">Question<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt">What steps could be taken to raise this issue with Law Reform Commissions and legislators?<b><u></u><u></u></b></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt"></span>�</p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt">Can we kindly get contributions and especially from those with a legal background? This will really be of use to us. <b><u></u><u></u></b></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt">Regards<b><u></u><u></u></b></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:10pt">Grace<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</font></span>�<br> </div></div>
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