<HTML dir=ltr><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=unicode" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 8.00.7600.16625"></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV dir=ltr id=idOWAReplyText37516>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>I,m tempted to further add my views on this subject in light of the assertion by Eng. Wainaina Mungai that actually the self provisioning of a network to distribute analog broadcast signals in areas broadcasters have been authorized to broadcast amounts to being signal distributors. first of all, I appreciate his explanation regarding part of the business of a signal distributor as to distribute broadcast programs on behalf of licensed broadcasters to areas authorized by the Regulator to provide the broadcasting service. However, Eng. is not coming clear that besides this segment of the signal distibutor market he highlighted, there is another important platform which he may have forgotten or conveniently left out and that is aggregating programmes from the licensed broadcasters in order to distribute them through a common distribution network (we do not need to concern ourselves with the various types of distribution technologies available). in the nutshell therefore non of the broadcasters even under the definition of a signal distributor in the analog sense fits this category.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial> May I also take the liberty to state that under the broadcasting value chain in digital broadcasting as envisaged in Kenya, the signal distribution licensee builts the multiplex platform that is important to aggregate broadcasting signals, provide and manage billing information, facilitate subscriber mangement services as well as provide electronic program guide platform that can be self managed by the SD or sub let it to another entity depending on commercial arrangements. the SD further builts the transmission sites to distribute broadcasters content as well as built or lease distribution networks from licensed telecos for this purpose for distributing broadcasters content to the various designated broadcasting sites. this should therefore clearly discount Eng.'s allegation that broadcasters who have transmitting sites across the country are therefore defactor SDs. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>none of the investments thay have except land can be usable in the current signal distribution arrangement. even in the case of land, not all sites they are broadcasting from are designated digital broadcasting sites as per the CCK plan which is also registered with International Telecommunications Union (ITU). the masts they have if subjected to the new digital antenna weights they are expected to carry cannot pass the the desired tests. therefore anybody who secures a signal distribution licence may have to make completely new arrangements to meet the the requirements of the SD market either through co-location building completely new infrastructure. what I wish to say is that even if any of the companies, including Eng.'s company were to win the licence, they will have very little advantage from the current resources they have.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Arial>As Eng. said, the local companies that submitted their bids may have missed the whole concept of the SD licensee or simply were complacent over the fact the since they are local, then everything to them is automatic. in any case if the regulator announced the two licences and three local firms or even more were competing for the same, there was no transparent criteria of choosing the winner, then what could the rest of the local losers have said and what could have been the reactions of the rest of Kenyans?</FONT><FONT size=2 face=Arial> </FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><BR>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> kictanet-bounces+wangusi=cck.go.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke on behalf of Eng. Wainaina Mungai<BR><B>Sent:</B> Fri 7/22/2011 7:22 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Wangusi, Francis<BR><B>Cc:</B> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [kictanet] Digital TV signal Distribution row-@Kenya IGF<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: medium" class=Apple-style-span><U><B>WHY THE DIGITAL TELEVISION SWITCHOVER IS IMPORTANT FOR KENYANS</B></U></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>What is the Digital TV Switchover? </B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>The digital television switchover simply means that the technology that enables you to view programs on your television set will change from analogue to digital. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>What is the difference between analogue television and digital television?</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>In a nutshell, for every channel available on analogue television, digital television enables the viewer to get up to 20 times more channels. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>For the television industry, the core difference is in who does the distribution of content. In analogue, each TV broadcaster (e.g. Nation, Citizen, KTN, and Family TV) produced content </FONT></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><U>and then </U></FONT></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>builds a network to distribute their own content. In digital, all the current TV companies (KTN, NTV, Citizen, K24, Kiss) will become content producers and only a few will become signal distributors.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>Why should Kenya switch from analogue to digital?</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>This is a global change that has been agreed by all countries that are members of the International Telecommunications Union. The global deadline for switch over is December 2015. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>What was the CCK tender about?</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>To facilitate the digital switchover, the Communications Commission of Kenya decided to split the television broadcast market into two segments: signal distributors and content providers. With analogue technology, a TV broadcaster got 1 license that allowed them to both provide their own content and distribute it to viewers using analogue signal networks. With digital technology, there will be 2 new separate licenses – one for signal distribution and another for content distribution. Incumbent broadcasters are then required to apply afresh to CCK for the licenses that they want to continue with.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Signal distributors are companies that build, own and manage television signal networks. The transmission networks comprise frequencies, satellite capacity, masts, towers, transmitters, antennae and other technology that make it possible to send television programs from the television studios over the airwaves to television sets to households across the country. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>How do Kenyan TV broadcasters come in?</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Many of the Kenyan TV broadcasters are actually already signal distributors. Nation Media Group and Royal Media Services - actually are already signal distributors, except that the technology they use is analogue. They own signal distribution networks that they have built for over 10 years and invested billions of shillings in. Given the new sector laws and regulations, they are compelled to apply afresh to the Communications Commission of Kenya to become digital signal distributors. If CCK locks them out of the sector, they stand to lose billions of shillings.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Content providers are companies that develop, produce, buy and acquire television content. All television companies in Kenya today including KTN, K24, Family Media and Kiss FM are content providers. They will all have to surrender their frequencies to the CCK who will re-issue them to the signal distributors. They will then focus on providing content. Those that want to distribute signals are required to apply afresh for a signal distributor license.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>The signal distributors will therefore carry all the programs that the content providers submit to viewers on their television sets. What is important to note is that to enable efficient use, there will be only a few signal distributors. Content providers on the other hand can be as many as capacity allows. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>CURRENT SITUATION</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>CCK decided to license a government corporation – the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation to become a digital signal distributor. In March 2011, the CCK advertised tenders for award of 2 licenses to operate a Broadcast Signal Distribution Network in Kenya purportedly to enable the media in Kenya to participate in the nationally critical area of signal distribution. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Nation Media Group and Royal Media Services – the two largest broadcasters in Kenya formed a consortium – <B>National Signal Networks</B> - which bid for one of the licenses. In total six companies were pre-qualified. Kenyan broadcasters were represented by 2 consortia – National Signal Networks representing Nation Media Group Limited and Signal Distributors Limited representing Radio Africa, Standard Media Group, and Mediamax among others. Because Kenyan broadcasters were extremely concerned that the broadcasting industry in Kenya should be allocated at least 1 license, Signal Distributors Limited withdrew its bid and supported the National Signal Networks bid. By the submission deadline, only 4 companies submitted their tender. 3 were Kenyan and 1 was Chinese.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>The Communications Commission of Kenya then decided to disqualify all the Kenyan bidders on technicalities and awarded only 1 license instead of the advertised 2. The license was issued to a Chinese company Pan African Network Group Ltd, which is owned by Star Times Network of China.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=center><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=center><BR></P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in"><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=4><B>WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON THE MEDIA AND BROADCASTING INDUSTRY?</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>There are 2 core impact areas: Media Freedom and losses of investments made.</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>MEDIA FREEDOM: </B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Under analogue, each broadcaster had full control of their own signals. This enables international levels of media freedom. The government could only control the media by brutal and coercive force. Under digital, control of signals will be surrendered to a few companies. Media owners will not be able to directly prevent censorship and muzzling. The government can muzzle, censor and control all broadcasters by simply intimidating the 1 or 2 signal distributors that it has licensed. To illustrate this, during the 2007 election crisis, with analogue television the government could only control the media at gun point. And it would have had to do this in up to 20 media houses. Under digital television, it only needs to threaten the 2 signal distributors.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>The reason the CCK decision is dangerous for media freedom and the functioning of a modern democracy is that the CCK has chosen to hand over control of the airwaves to a government parastatal (KBC) and a company from communist China. Kenyan media organizations will have absolutely no ability to ensure that news reaches the masses - however positive or negative of the government it might be and however critical the national issues might be. This will have the effect of making the media in Kenya impotent.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3><B>LOSSES OF INVESTMENT</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><FONT face="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT size=3>Nation media Group and Royal Media Services <B>have already investments over a billion dollars in signal distribution</B>. Hundreds of Kenyans work hard every day to manage these complex and huge networks from Mombasa to Busia and Lodwar to Namanga. By locking out Kenyan broadcasters from this sector, CCK will cause massive losses to Kenyan broadcasters some of whom are publicly quoted companies with hundreds of thousands of shareholders. The Kenyans who manage these networks will be forced into unemployment in these tough economic times.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" align=justify><BR></P><BR>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>On Fri, Jul 22, 2011 at 5:35 PM, Walubengo J <SPAN dir=ltr><<A href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</A>></SPAN> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class=gmail_quote>
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top>@Wangusi, <BR><BR>thanx for the detailed insight. I think media houses need to be more committed to a balanced reporting in future. Whatever happened to their mantra " there are two sides to every story" <BR><BR>walu.<BR><BR>--- On <B>Fri, 7/22/11, Wangusi, Francis <I><<A href="mailto:Wangusi@cck.go.ke" target=_blank>Wangusi@cck.go.ke</A>></I></B> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><BR>From: Wangusi, Francis <<A href="mailto:Wangusi@cck.go.ke" target=_blank>Wangusi@cck.go.ke</A>><BR>Subject: Re: [kictanet] Digital TV signal Distribution row-@Kenya IGF
<DIV class=im><BR>To: <A href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target=_blank>jwalu@yahoo.com</A><BR>Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <<A href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target=_blank>kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</A>><BR></DIV>Date: Friday, July 22, 2011, 3:48 PM
<DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=h5><BR><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>A signal distribution market involves building of multiplexing platforms and signal transmission infrastructure for the purpose of distributing multimedia signals (video, audio and data). in terms of digital migration, SD provider is a key player in the digital migration process. under a unified licensing framework at the CCK, this is an infrastructure market segment capable of providing services beyound broadcasting. it is important to remember that broadcasting subsector holds a host of other market segments rather than what we usually know as free to air or if you may wish call it "free through advertisement" (FTA). this particular market segment is just a diminishing market in the wake of new media platforms thanks to the rapid evolvement of ICT technologies. there are many emerging technologies arising from this market supporting tripple play that are are blurring the boundary between broadcasting and telecommunications and this may explain why players in the SD market should understand the dynamics surrounding the provision of services under this market segment.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>suffice to say, there are only about 3.5M TV sets in the country from the last censors report against an investment of close to Ksh.4Billion for each signal distribution network for the SD licences that are to be given in this market segment. Currently, SIGNET is the only licensed public signal distributor which the Government is funding inorder to roll-out throughout the country and to fulfill its public service obligations. the Licences that were advertised were for commercial SD and therefore are only necessary to give Kenyans alternatives and to spur the spin-offs of digital migration and was done inline with public procurement rules and regulations, the ICT sector policy, Information and Communications Act cap 411A and all players were accorded equal opportunity. there are enough safety nets in place ranging from competition to contructural obligations in the licence to offered in the unfortunate but rare circumstances should an investor who has poured a cool Ksh. 4Billion wishes to switch off his network simply because of an election. why therefore a hulabaloo about this transparent process? if you join a race and develop a muscle pull along the way, you cannot be carried on the stretcher to a finishing line and be declared a winner simply because the race is being held in your country. it is also important for us to call on our media houses to practice the principle of fair doctrine which demands that when reporting adversely against an entity then that entity is given an equal measure to respond inorder to enable listners/readers make fairand informed judgement about the story. </FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><BR>
<HR>
<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> kictanet-bounces+wangusi=<A href="http://cck.go.ke/" target=_blank>cck.go.ke</A>@<A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/" target=_blank>lists.kictanet.or.ke</A> on behalf of Edith Adera<BR><B>Sent:</B> Fri 7/22/2011 1:07 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Wangusi, Francis<BR><B>Cc:</B> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [kictanet] Digital TV signal Distribution row-@Kenya IGF<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Why such strong defense for the Chinese? Why not have a national policy that signal distribution should be done by locals only? I’m a greenhorn in the area of signal distribution – can someone with expertise and experience in this area tell us the pros and cons? We need more insights.</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Edith</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </P>
<P><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> kictanet-bounces+eadera=<A href="http://idrc.or.ke/" target=_blank>idrc.or.ke</A>@<A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/" target=_blank>lists.kictanet.or.ke</A> [mailto:<A href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Beadera" target=_blank>kictanet-bounces+eadera</A>=<A href="http://idrc.or.ke/" target=_blank>idrc.or.ke</A>@<A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/" target=_blank>lists.kictanet.or.ke</A>] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Walubengo J<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, July 22, 2011 12:44 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Edith Adera<BR><B>Cc:</B> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [kictanet] Digital TV signal Distribution row-@Kenya IGF</SPAN></P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in" vAlign=top>
<P>Just got two interesting alternative views on the above at the ongoing Kenya IGF.<BR><BR>1. the Chair of the Parliamentary Group, Eng. Rege feels that giving out the National Digital Signal Distribution network to a foreigner exposes the nation to potential sabotage. What would happen if the Chinese decided to switch of the distribution when "the 2012 votes are being counted?" <BR><BR>2. the PS, Dr. Ndemo feels that that may really not arise for two reasons,(1) that there will be competition in that market, we shall have multiple national signal distributors and (2) Most of this signal distribution platforms will be over the Internet Cloud and hence the idea of switching off the channel may not be that simple (though it did happen in Egypt ;-)<BR><BR>the debate continues...<BR>walu.<BR><BR>--- On <B>Fri, 7/22/11, Wamuyu Gatheru <I><<A href="http://mc/compose?to=wamuyu@soko-id.co.ke" rel=nofollow target=_blank>wamuyu@soko-id.co.ke</A>></I></B> wrote:</P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><BR>From: Wamuyu Gatheru <<A href="http://mc/compose?to=wamuyu@soko-id.co.ke" rel=nofollow target=_blank>wamuyu@soko-id.co.ke</A>><BR>Subject: Re: [kictanet] Digital TV signal Distribution row<BR>To: <A href="http://mc/compose?to=jwalu@yahoo.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank>jwalu@yahoo.com</A><BR>Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <<A href="http://mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" rel=nofollow target=_blank>kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</A>><BR>Date: Friday, July 22, 2011, 10:31 AM</P>
<DIV>
<P>I think arguing only the merits of the bids in the context of telcoms (a strategic/security issue) will only provide half the answers. The country is in political transition and headed into another election where the jury on peace is still out. In the last few weeks, I have noticed political bias starting to appear in TV coverage depending on the political affiliations of the owners. The media may forget itself again in the heat of the election competition and I would not be suprised if someone in govt. wants the power to switch stations off - the Chinese can do this but local media houses would find this unacceptable.<BR><BR>Hopefully, if media demonstrate maturity next year, govt. may cease to be concerned about who controls the signals.<BR><BR>Its not a nice picture for media freedoms or harnessing local capacity for that matter. But there may hard realities the govt. may need to be ready to deal with.<BR><BR>On the other hand, I may be entirely wrong and it may well be that the Chinese bribe was the biggest!..(another of our hard realities)<BR><BR>Wamuyu<BR><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>kictanet mailing list<BR><A rel=nofollow>kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</A><BR><A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" rel=nofollow target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</A><BR><BR>Unsubscribe or change your options at <A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com</A><BR><BR>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<BR><BR>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></SPAN> </P></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR></DIV></DIV>-----Inline Attachment Follows-----
<DIV class=im><BR><BR>
<DIV>_______________________________________________<BR>kictanet mailing list<BR><A href="http://mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target=_blank>kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</A><BR><A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</A><BR><BR>Unsubscribe or change your options at <A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com" target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com</A><BR><BR>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<BR><BR>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.</DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>kictanet mailing list<BR><A href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</A><BR><A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</A><BR><BR>Unsubscribe or change your options at <A href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/wainaina.mungai%40gmail.com" target=_blank>http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/wainaina.mungai%40gmail.com</A><BR><BR>The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.<BR><BR>KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>