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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2">Well said! I wondered too, what happened to Orange/Telkom DSL?</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2">The challenge remains - reaching the home with broadband! I wonder which provider will step up!</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2">Edith</font></div>
<div>
<div><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">________________
</span></span></b><span style="COLOR: black">
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<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font color="#000000"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2"><font color="#000000">Edith
Ofwona Adera</font> </span></b><span style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2"><font color="#000000">Senior Program Specialist
</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">ICT4D Program and Climate Change & Water Program</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA"><font color="#000000">International
Development Research Centre | Centre de recherches pour le développement international<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="EN-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA"><font color="#000000">Regional Office for Eastern
and Southern Africa</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA"><font color="#000000">Tel:
+254202713160 | Fax/Téléc: +254202711063 | Skype: edithadera</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA"><a href="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a>
| </span><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA">www.idrc.ca</span></a><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA">
| </span><a href="http://www.crdi.ca/"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA">www.crdi.ca</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><img alt="" hspace="0" align="baseline" border="0"></span></span><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"></span></p>
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<font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>From:</b> robert yawe [robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 22 March 2011 12:28<br>
<b>To:</b> Edith Adera<br>
<b>Cc:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] Refreshing - Fibre to Homes<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
Hi,</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
<br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
The only true DSL provider is Telkom/Orange unfortunately they do not seem to be able to leverage this monopoly and instead keep spending energy and resources in a field that they are underdogs.</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
<br>
</div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new
roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">What Telkom/Orange need to do is convert their </font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif">back haul</font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"> from
multi-pair copper cable to fibre and placing the DSL equipment closer to the consumer. I even prepared and presented to them a proposal on the same, what I was told is that their main area of concentration currently was 3G.</font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"></font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif">If AccessKenya was to realise the benefit of copper they might have a better
chance of surviving the oncoming onslaught.</font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif">Regards<br>
</font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"> </font></div>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Robert Yawe</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">KAY System Technologies Ltd</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Phoenix House, 6th Floor</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Kenya</font><br>
<br>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'times new roman','new york',times,serif">
Tel: +254722511225, +254202010696
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif"><br>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
<hr size="1">
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</span></b> Edith Adera <eadera@idrc.or.ke><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</span></b> robert yawe <robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</span></b> Tue, 22 March, 2011 10:46:43<br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</span></b> RE: [kictanet] Refreshing - Fibre to Homes<br>
</font><br>
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<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000"><font face="Trebuchet MS">Thanks Robert for this useful information. You posit that "DSL still remains the ideal last mile solution even where triple play is to be delivered".</font></font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Trebuchet MS">With the recent bad experiences of listers, which is the best DSL provider in Kenya? </font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Trebuchet MS">I'm still searching!</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Trebuchet MS">Edith</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><span>________________
</span></span></b><span style="COLOR: black"></span></span></font></div>
<font face="Tahoma" size="2"></font>
<div><font face="Tahoma" size="2"></font>
<div><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font color="#000000"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Edith Ofwona Adera</font>
</span></b><span style="COLOR: black"></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Senior Program Specialist
</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">ICT4D Program and Climate Change & Water Program</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">International Development Research Centre | Centre de recherches
pour le développement international</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="EN-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Tel: +254202713160 | Fax/Téléc: +254202711063 | Skype: edithadera</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><a href="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke" rel="nofollow">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a> |
</span><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">www.idrc.ca</span></a><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">
| </span><a href="http://www.crdi.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">www.crdi.ca</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"></span><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"></span></p>
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<font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>From:</b> robert yawe [robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 22 March 2011 08:21<br>
<b>To:</b> Edith Adera<br>
<b>Cc:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [kictanet] Refreshing - Fibre to Homes<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"></div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">Hi Edith,</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">The Jamii FTTH project is yet to be rolled out but on the same vein we need to appreciate that FTTH is no longer the model of choice for delivery of connectivity to the home due to the high
cost of the termination equipment and the process of repairing damaged fibre.</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">It costs about 25,000/- to terminate a pair of fibre and since your equipment in the home will most likely not have a fibre port you will require to convert the light pulses to electrical
signals that can be delivered to your computers or set top boxes ethernet card. The cheap fibre to Ethernet transceivers cost on average 15,000/-. </div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Fibres high
bandwidth capabilities and long runs are ideal for </font></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif">back-haul</font></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"> and
trunk applications, the last mile is still best served over copper due to the ease of installation and maintenance. The bandwidth capabilities of fibre optic cable will be underutilised in the home, DSL still remains the ideal last mile solution even where
triple play is to be delivered. </font></span></div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"><br>
</font></span></div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">As we develop
more gated communities the safety of copper will be increased therefore reducing the efforts of the providers to getting the fibre to the gate. Also note that with fibre trying to implement voice services such as intercom within a development will proof very
expensive is you will need to used SIP phones. With DSL the same cable delivering data will be able to also delivery voice cost effectively.</font></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: medium; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><br>
</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">AccessKenya and the elk have been having an uphill task selling WiMax equipment for 45,000/- and finally opted to supply the equipment for free. In Runda where fibre has been widely buried
the level of uptake is still very low mainly due to the installation cost and resistance from home owners to have their gardens dug up to lay the cable.</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">As has been realised in the data centre copper still offers a better solution to high-speed connectivity which explains why many switch manufacturers have opted to slow development of higher
speeds on their fibre switches and instead are concentrating on increasing performance over copper.</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif"><br>
</div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3"></font> </div>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Robert Yawe</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">KAY System Technologies Ltd</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Phoenix House, 6th Floor</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">P O Box 55806 Nairobi, 00200</font><br>
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif" size="3">Kenya</font><br>
<br>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: times,serif">Tel: +254722511225, +254202010696
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif"><br>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
<hr size="1">
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</span></b> Edith Adera <eadera@idrc.or.ke><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</span></b> robertyawe@yahoo.co.uk<br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Cc:</span></b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</span></b> Mon, 21 March, 2011 15:03:30<br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</span></b> [kictanet] Refreshing - Fibre to Homes<br>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2">Listers,</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2">It was refershing to watch "Who Owns Kenya" on Citizen TV on Sunday and learn that Jamii Telecom is rolling out fibre to the home as a major project.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2">Does anyone know if these services are already being provided by Jamii or is this just a plan?</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="tahoma" size="2">Edith</font></div>
<div><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><span>________________
</span></span></b><span style="COLOR: black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font color="#000000"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Edith Ofwona Adera</font>
</span></b><span style="COLOR: black"></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Senior Program Specialist
</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">ICT4D Program and Climate Change & Water Program</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">International Development Research Centre | Centre de recherches
pour le développement international</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="EN-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #002060; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><font color="#000000">Tel: +254202713160 | Fax/Téléc: +254202711063 | Skype: edithadera</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'"><a href="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke" rel="nofollow">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a> |
</span><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">www.idrc.ca</span></a><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">
| </span><a href="http://www.crdi.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span lang="FR-CA" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'sans-serif'">www.crdi.ca</span></a></p>
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