Regulatory bodies are designed to ensure fair play. In the case of Internet connectivity and pricing, the demand for services has outpaced the production. As it stands. more bandwidth is on its way via sea and air which will naturally make prices fall. With the landing of the cables, we have a trickle that we are counting as a landslide. It takes time to implement capacity. Within the next year prices will fall due to market mechanism not due to regulatory action. <br>
<br>Crystal Kigoni<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Nov 30, 2009 at 5:59 AM, kai wulff <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke">kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div link="blue" vlink="purple" style="" lang="EN-US">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Define “artificial”?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Did you divide the cost of a cable by the “available”
capacity or by the anticipated uptake?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Example:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">If an A320 costs 6000 USD per flight hour “wet” and has
120 seats, the cost per passenger seat is 50 USD</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">If an A380 costs 20 000 USD per flight hour “wet” and
has 800 seats, the cost per passenger seat is 25 USD</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">So do we say that a Tour Operator can only sell a seat for USD 25
plus a small (and again .. What is small) margin?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">What if you only fly at 10% load on your first flight … Isn’t
your cost per passenger now 250 USD …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Kai</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE">Von:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE">
kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff=<a href="http://kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kdn.co.ke</a>@<a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Bkai.wulff" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff</a>=<a href="http://kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kdn.co.ke</a>@<a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>] <b>Im
Auftrag von </b>Eric M.K Osiakwan<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Sunday, November 29, 2009 22:27<div><div></div><div class="h5"><br>
<b>An:</b> <a href="mailto:kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions<br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [kictanet] NCA Board member gives its price target as an E1
for US$100-500</div></div></span></p>
</div>
</div><div><div></div><div class="h5">
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Kai,</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would observe the sabath by writing my last email on this
subject.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I was at the said workshop and indeed have worked on the
subject extensively prior to the announcement by the regulator and in the new
story, "supply bandwidth" is the term, otherwise i wont make an apple
and oranges analysis. At least you should credit my non-distortionist approach
to this subject. </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The situation we are dealing with is the artificial high
price of bandwidth to the continent which has held back the industry, those
prices MUST come into the realm of reality and then the forces of demand and
supply would make usage and local content the catalyst. Offcourse, education,
electrification etc are all in the value chain.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Eric here</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 29 Nov 2009, at 19:00, kai wulff wrote:</p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Eric,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Please read carefully what I wrote.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">I have no problem with meaningful regulation .. This regulation
should focus on promoting usage ..</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Your example of the Central Bank does not fit here .. The rate set
by a Central bank would in our case be the cost for which an Operator (Bank)
can buy capacity (borrows money). The Central Banks don’t regulate the
retail end ..</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">I mentioned before, the main tools to drive down Broadband prices
would be usage and local content.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">More usage can be created by education, electrification and other
factors.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Rgds</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Kai</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE">Von:</span></b><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE"><a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff=kdn.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff=kdn.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><span> </span>[mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Bkai.wulff" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff</a>=<a href="http://kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kdn.co.ke</a>@<a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>]<span> </span><b>Im Auftrag von<span> </span></b>Eric M.K Osiakwan<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b><span> </span>Sunday, November
29, 2009 21:34<br>
<b>An:</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b><span> </span>KICTAnet ICT Policy
Discussions<br>
<b>Betreff:</b><span> </span>Re: [kictanet]
NCA Board member gives its price target as an E1 for US$100-500</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Kai,</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Central Bank as the regulator of the financial sector in
every economy sets prime rates and other industry indicators based on their
calculation of the market forces as they interplay with demand and supply. i
dont see why you sense danger with the regulator of the coms industry setting
"prime rate" based on the commoditized calculation.....</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">You generate a lot of weight in your submission below on the
private sector factors as a basis to slap the need for regulatory intervention
in a market situation that has held the industry back for a very longtime.
Am a private sector spice like you but if there is any lesson for us to
learn from the current global financial crisis, it is that, we need regulatory
interventions in the market theatre as markets have mood and are by that
extension in perfect. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">My comment is, all the factors you have enumerated are great
but they dont negate the need for regulatory intervention to bring artificially
high prices down for the masses to have access, a market expansion mechanism. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Eric here</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 29 Nov 2009, at 17:59, kai wulff wrote:</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Eric,</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">This is exactly the type of statement that is dangerous. It is a
little bit like deflation …</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Because everybody expect cheaper prices nobody moves .. And because
of this, uptake is below the potential, usage of the cable is sub optimal and
prices don’t come down … Result: People will wait longer ..</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">I still don’t understand why we are so set on the E1 price
(actually we should talk about 2M duplex and not old school) for a BPO ..
Quality is what matters ..</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">With a good quality compression you can push more than 256 calls at
any given time. So in an 8 hour shift you could have 122880 call minutes with
256 agents .. Assume 70% load, this makes 86016 minutes. Surely, you will have
to terminate them into a network. Assume 0.02USD per minute.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">So my question: What is your staff cost? Let’s argue 700KSH
per day and person? Electricity? KSH 20 per day and person? Rent KSH 50 per day
and person (assuming you work 2 shifts, 7 days a week).</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Add software, overheads …..</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">So now, what is the cost of communication?</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Currently an E1 in Kenya costs 1200 USD (not using the free offer)
list price. So we said 2 shifts, 30 days, 70% load ..</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">5160960 call minutes a month</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">That makes 0,0174 KSH per minute (took a rate of 75 to the USD) for
the submarine portion!</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">We add KSH 2 for termination = 2,0174 KSH communications per minute</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Salaries: 1,45 KSH per minute (and this includes the idle ones or
KSH 2,08 per minute at 70%</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">You see the contribution of the pure Submarine portion .. It is
NEXT TO NOTHING.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Any comments?</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">Kai</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 3pt medium medium; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Von:</span></b><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff=kdn.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff=kdn.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><span> </span>[mailto:<a href="mailto:kictanet-bounces%2Bkai.wulff" target="_blank">kictanet-bounces+kai.wulff</a>=<a href="http://kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kdn.co.ke</a>@lists.kictanet.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="DE"><a href="http://or.ke" target="_blank">or.ke</a>]<span> </span><b>Im Auftrag von<span> </span></b>Eric M.K Osiakwan<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b><span> </span>Sunday, November
29, 2009 20:35<br>
<b>An:</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke" target="_blank">kai.wulff@kdn.co.ke</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b><span> </span>KICTAnet ICT Policy
Discussions<br>
<b>Betreff:</b><span> </span>[kictanet] NCA
Board member gives its price target as an E1 for US$100-500</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">A two day workshop called
“Fiber Optic Undersea (Submarine) cable”, in collaboration
with <a href="http://98.130.227.12/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(41, 112, 166); text-decoration: none;">West Africa Telecommunications
Regulators Assembly (WATRA)</span></a>, the <a href="http://www.gtz.de/en/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(41, 112, 166); text-decoration: none;">German
Technical Group (GTZ)</span></a> and also the <a href="http://www.nca.org.gh/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(41, 112, 166); text-decoration: none;">National Communications Authority (NCA)</span></a> at
the La Palm Royal Hotel.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">The workshop offered <a href="http://98.130.227.12/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(41, 112, 166); text-decoration: none;">WATRA</span></a> members the guidance regarding the
regulation of access to new undersea cables and also come up with adoptable
guidelines for issuance of undersea cable licenses and landing rights
agreement. This would ensure the transparency in deployment and pricing of
undersea cables.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">A Member of the Board of
Directors of <a href="http://www.nca.org.gh/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(41, 112, 166); text-decoration: none;">NCA</span></a>, Solomon Quandzie has
observed that the availability of international bandwidth, coupled with
NCA’s plans for licensing additional terrestrial fiber optic cables systems,
and also wireless broadband access (through things like WiMAX) operators would
finally set the deployment of broadband networks throughout the country and
further lay the foundation for rapid economic growth in the ICT sector.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">He said, application of
Business Process Outsourcing (BPOs) and Government’s decentralization
program would enhance various e-government packages which would increase the
social-economic development of the citizenry in a manner never witnessed in
this country over the past several years.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">Quandzie said that the NCA is
committed to opening up the market base of the telecommunication industry by
offering an additional fiber optic cable operator (WACS), which would add more
capacity to the existing one, all within a 24 month period.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">According to Quandzie, the
current SAT 3 cable systems provides an estimated three gigabytes capacity of
international bandwidth to the country at approx systems to become operational,
adding that “They will be adding respectively, for a total of 1,920 gigabytes
or 640 fold increase to the current capacity of international bandwidth in the
country”.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">Quandzie said that NCA
expectation of a supply bandwidth a price goal of $100-500 per E1 should be
possible within the very near future which would provide the necessary
framework for the attainment of such an outcome.</span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">He concluded that with the
right regulatory framework established, reliable and affordable broadband
networks, coupled with low cost of available international bandwidth can be
provided through undersea fiber optic cables.<br>
(Source: The Ghanaian Chronicle)</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Eric M.K Osiakwan</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Director </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Internet Research</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="http://www.internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">www.internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:emko@internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">emko@internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Tel: +233.21.258800 ext 7031</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Fax: +233.21.258811</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Cell: +233.24.4386792</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Eric M.K Osiakwan</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Internet Research</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="http://www.internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">www.internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:emko@internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">emko@internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Tel: +233.21.258800 ext 7031</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Fax: +233.21.258811</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Cell: +233.24.4386792</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Eric M.K Osiakwan</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Director </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Internet Research</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="http://www.internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">www.internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:emko@internetresearch.com.gh" target="_blank">emko@internetresearch.com.gh</a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North</span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Tel: +233.21.258800 ext 7031</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Fax: +233.21.258811</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;">Cell: +233.24.4386792</span></p>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Crystal "Naliaka" Watley Kigoni<br>Voices of Africa for Sustainable Development<br><a href="mailto:crystal@voicesofafrica.org">crystal@voicesofafrica.org</a><br>
<a href="http://www.voicesofafrica.org/">http://www.voicesofafrica.org/</a><br><br>"You must be the change you wish to see" - Gandhi<br>