<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;">Walu, Kwach and all,<br>I read the discussion and analysis about broadband costing with immense interest. I belief that the stats below can enrich and contribute in putting into perspective what we are talking about in a nutshell. I have lifted it from a paper am reviewing. I therefore see CCK's plate quite full in making sure that we consistently move towards the direction of affordable rates. <br><br>Herbert<br><br><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CHERBERT%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><title>Development Informatics Working Paper no.42: The ICT4D 2.0 Manifesto</title><o:smarttagtype
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  <o:Author>Richard Heeks</o:Author>
  <o:Keywords>ICT4D, Development Informatics, poverty, international development, ICTs, developing countries, innovation</o:Keywords>
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<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Broadband: <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New
  Hope</st1:place></st1:city> / New Divide </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Broadband is already an integral part of ICT usage
in the global North. In the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
for example (one of the poorer performers), by 2008, there were 25 broadband
subscriptions per 100 citizens, and 55% of households had broadband,
representing around 90% of all Internet connections. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">By contrast, the subscription rates for most
African countries including <st1:country-region w:st="on">Ethiopia</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Ghana</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Kenya</st1:country-region>, and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region> were well under 0.1% of the
population. Tiny <st1:country-region w:st="on">Andorra</st1:country-region> had
roughly as many broadband subscriptions as Africa's most populous country, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nigeria</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">So, as we start seeing digital divides closing
around Internet access and mobile phone ownership, a new broadband divide is growing.
This is already – and will continuingly – require a strategic response which,
if not led, must at the least be coordinated by government. As and where this
happens, the development results will be impressive. Broadband uptake is
associated at the macro level with growth in indicators such as employment and
GDP, and at the micro level there are many new employment- and
productivity-enhancing opportunities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Manchester</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";"> Centre for Development
Informatics Working Paper 42<span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>

<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>

<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Full citation <o:p></o:p></span></u></h1>

<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua";">The
ICT4D 2.0 Manifesto: Where Next for ICTs and International Development? <o:p></o:p></span></h1>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;">Richard
Heeks </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;">Development Informatics Group <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;">University
  of Manchester</span></st1:city><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;">, <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></span></st1:place><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua"; color: windowtext;">2009 <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<br><br>--- On <b>Tue, 10/27/09, kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke <i><kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke></i></b> wrote:<br><blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>From: kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke <kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke><br>Subject: kictanet Digest, Vol 29, Issue 65<br>To: herbertwamalwa@yahoo.com<br>Date: Tuesday, October 27, 2009, 8:53 AM<br><br><div class="plainMail">Send kictanet mailing list submissions to<br>    <a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br><br>To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br>    <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br>or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help'
 to<br>    <a ymailto="mailto:kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet-request@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br><br>You can reach the person managing the list at<br>    <a ymailto="mailto:kictanet-owner@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet-owner@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet-owner@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br><br>When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific<br>than "Re: Contents of kictanet digest..."<br><br><br>Today's Topics:<br><br>   1. Re: [Skunkworks] Safaricom to introduce    unlimitedinternet<br>      service (Akich Kwach)<br>   2. Re: "Outsource our jobs? Why firms are afraid of BPOs"<br>      (Edith Adera)<br>   3. Re: "Outsource our jobs? Why firms are afraid of BPOs" (Rad!)<br>   4. Fw: press invite - kenya
 economic report 2009 launch<br>      (alice munyua)<br><br><br>----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Message: 1<br>Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2009 12:30:26 +0300<br>From: "Akich Kwach" <<a ymailto="mailto:kwach@archway-productions.com" href="/mc/compose?to=kwach@archway-productions.com">kwach@archway-productions.com</a>><br>To: "Walubengo J" <<a ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" href="/mc/compose?to=jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>><br>Cc: Kenya ICT Policy - kictanet <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Subject: Re: [kictanet] [Skunkworks] Safaricom to introduce<br>    unlimitedinternet service<br>Message-ID: <BCCA03C03191455C9A683D8ACEDA96DF@USERPC><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br><br>Walu, <br>I have been receiving such direct marketing mails
 from Safaricom. One thing i noted with concern; are such products developed/informed based market research, i doubt if ordinary Kenyans would have made such proposals. In my view, this is like pushing products/services down the customers throat. Even with those "wonder speed", COST is stil a fundamental factor especially for the SMEs under which majority of Kenyans fall. One fact is the operator is ignoring the public expectations - speed without cost is just but a fallacy. Thank you for making the GDP comparison which the operators and regulators always ignore, both should aprreciate internet and information are basic needs if we have to achieve the 2030 dream and as such those in the sector should not just be focussing on being declared the highest tax payers. Could someone from Safaricom let us know whom they were targeting with such offers?<br><br>Have a blessed week<br><br>Akich Kwach    <br><br><br>  ----- Original Message -----
 <br>  From: Walubengo J <br>  To: <a ymailto="mailto:kwach@archway-productions.com" href="/mc/compose?to=kwach@archway-productions.com">kwach@archway-productions.com</a> <br>  Cc: Kenya ICT Policy - kictanet <br>  Sent: Monday, October 26, 2009 9:10 AM<br>  Subject: Re: [kictanet] [Skunkworks] Safaricom to introduce unlimitedinternet service<br><br><br>        very interesting analysis...@200ksh unlimited internet gives you 6,000Ksh per month as some of you noted - almost 100USD per month. Almost like in the US -BUT the US GDP per capita is about 50times higher than .KE.  So we must adopt some weighting to get the equivalent pricing in kenya.<br><br>        Put in another way, Kenyans should work towards 50x less the US monthly rates (of 100USD) for broadband internet i.e. 2USD per month for unlimited  broadband internet. It wont happen tomorrow, maybe 2030?  But am glad the
 operators are tweaking all possible combinations as the 1st step in seeing how to move in that direction...<br><br>        walu.<br>        --- On Sun, 10/25/09, Bernard Mwagiru <<a ymailto="mailto:bmwagiru@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=bmwagiru@gmail.com">bmwagiru@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br><br><br>          From: Bernard Mwagiru <<a ymailto="mailto:bmwagiru@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=bmwagiru@gmail.com">bmwagiru@gmail.com</a>><br>          Subject: Re: [Skunkworks] Safaricom to introduce unlimited internet service<br>          To: "Skunkworks Forum" <<a ymailto="mailto:skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke">skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke</a>><br>          Date: Sunday, October 25, 2009, 12:55 PM<br><br><br>          Thats Kbps not
 KBps...<br>          ./bernard<br><br><br>          On Sun, Oct 25, 2009 at 11:50 AM, Bernard Mwagiru <<a ymailto="mailto:bmwagiru@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=bmwagiru@gmail.com">bmwagiru@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br><br>            My peak is approx 260KBps. Average 140 KBps...<br>            However,<br>            I don't doubt the capacities provided by the submarine fiber cables...Thats no longer a constraint now....My biggest worry is at the radio interface. The biggest bottleneck in any GSM/UMTS network is at the BTS/Node B level...You can have STM-1 capacities on the transmission but the bandwidth in the wireless medium diminishes exponentially as the number of users per cell increases. Also voice is always given a priority so again this should add to the congestion(remember the free calls
 ?)<br><br>            Also, there's no info on how long this promo is(or whether it is a promo)...<br><br><br>            ./bernard<br><br><br><br><br>            On Sun, Oct 25, 2009 at 11:35 AM, Dennis Kioko <<a ymailto="mailto:dmbuvi@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=dmbuvi@gmail.com">dmbuvi@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br><br>              10 gigs at what rate Bernard? I think they now have extra bandwidth on<br>              Teams, hence the unlimited product.<br><br>              --<br><br>              with Regards:<br><br>              Get your free technology e-magazine in pdf format: Tekniaonline:<br>              <a href="http://bit.ly/tekniaonline-2"
 target="_blank">http://bit.ly/tekniaonline-2</a><br><br>              Maybe we should start a Reality show of collapsing buidlings:<br>              <a href="http://gramware.blogspot.com" target="_blank">http://gramware.blogspot.com</a><br>              _______________________________________________<br>              Skunkworks mailing list<br>              <a ymailto="mailto:Skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=Skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke">Skunkworks@lists.my.co.ke</a><br>              <a href="http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/skunkworks" target="_blank">http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/skunkworks</a><br>              ------------<br>           
   Skunkworks Rules<br>              <a href="http://my.co.ke/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=94" target="_blank">http://my.co.ke/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=94</a><br>              ------------<br>              Other services @ <a href="http://my.co.ke" target="_blank">http://my.co.ke</a><br>              Other lists<br>              -------------<br>              Announce: <a href="http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/skunkworks-announce" target="_blank">http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/skunkworks-announce</a><br>              Science: <a href="http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/science"
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 href="http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/admin/kazi/general" target="_blank">http://lists.my.co.ke/cgi-bin/mailman/admin/kazi/general</a> <br><br><br><br><br>------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br><br>  _______________________________________________<br>  kictanet mailing list<br>  <a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>  <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br><br>  This message was sent to: <a ymailto="mailto:kwach@archway-productions.com" href="/mc/compose?to=kwach@archway-productions.com">kwach@archway-productions.com</a><br>  Unsubscribe or change your options at <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/kwach%40archway-productions.com"
 target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/kwach%40archway-productions.com</a><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20091026/d0f57c78/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20091026/d0f57c78/attachment-0001.html</a>><br><br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 2<br>Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:15:02 +0300<br>From: Edith Adera <<a ymailto="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=eadera@idrc.or.ke">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a>><br>To: "<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>" <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Cc: KICTAnet ICT
 Policy Discussions <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Subject: Re: [kictanet] "Outsource our jobs? Why firms are afraid of<br>    BPOs"<br>Message-ID:<br>    <<a ymailto="mailto:46563326FAEDB04F92FED3DB099C98BB1E31A53BB1@esaroms07.ESARO.IDRC.ORG" href="/mc/compose?to=46563326FAEDB04F92FED3DB099C98BB1E31A53BB1@esaroms07.ESARO.IDRC.ORG">46563326FAEDB04F92FED3DB099C98BB1E31A53BB1@esaroms07.ESARO.IDRC.ORG</a>><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br><br>Michael,<br><br>>From the article, it's clear that the sector has a long way to go!<br><br>I recall during the BPO workshop at KICC, Dr Ndemo pledged to host a local workshop to bring stakeholders together (including these firms) to discuss these issues and explore how trust can be built to outsource to local BPO firms.<br><br>The time is
 ripe.<br><br>Edith<br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20091026/f04a4bb3/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20091026/f04a4bb3/attachment-0001.html</a>><br><br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 3<br>Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:22:39 +0300<br>From: "Rad!" <<a ymailto="mailto:conradakunga@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=conradakunga@gmail.com">conradakunga@gmail.com</a>><br>To: Edith Adera <<a ymailto="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=eadera@idrc.or.ke">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a>><br>Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Subject: Re: [kictanet] "Outsource our jobs? Why firms are afraid
 of<br>    BPOs"<br>Message-ID:<br>    <<a ymailto="mailto:911107610910260622v59ad0a65k256f30c045a996e8@mail.gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=911107610910260622v59ad0a65k256f30c045a996e8@mail.gmail.com">911107610910260622v59ad0a65k256f30c045a996e8@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1<br><br>I would be interested in more initiatives to promote other BPO<br>initiatives besides call centers. These have since become cliche. I<br>have nothing against call centers but I think alternatives such as<br>software development would contribute much more significantly towards<br>the empowerment and skill of locals<br><br>On Mon, Oct 26, 2009 at 4:15 PM, Edith Adera <<a ymailto="mailto:eadera@idrc.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=eadera@idrc.or.ke">eadera@idrc.or.ke</a>> wrote:<br>> Michael,<br>><br>> >From the article, it's clear that the sector has a long way to go!<br>><br>> I
 recall during the BPO workshop at KICC, Dr Ndemo pledged to host a local<br>> workshop to bring stakeholders together (including these firms) to discuss<br>> these issues and explore how trust can be built to outsource to local BPO<br>> firms.<br>><br>> The time is ripe.<br>><br>> Edith<br>><br>> _______________________________________________<br>> kictanet mailing list<br>> <a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>> <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br>><br>> This message was sent to: <a ymailto="mailto:conradakunga@gmail.com" href="/mc/compose?to=conradakunga@gmail.com">conradakunga@gmail.com</a><br>> Unsubscribe or change your options at<br>> <a
 href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/conradakunga%40gmail.com" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/conradakunga%40gmail.com</a><br>><br>><br><br><br><br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 4<br>Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2009 05:56:42 +0000<br>From: "alice munyua" <<a ymailto="mailto:alice@apc.org" href="/mc/compose?to=alice@apc.org">alice@apc.org</a>><br>To: "KICTANet KICTANet" <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <<a ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a>><br>Subject: [kictanet] Fw: press invite - kenya economic report 2009<br>    launch<br>Message-ID:<br>    <<a
 ymailto="mailto:1189514998-1256622995-cardhu_decombobulator_blackberry.rim.net-907620081-@bda192.bisx.produk.on.blackberry" href="/mc/compose?to=1189514998-1256622995-cardhu_decombobulator_blackberry.rim.net-907620081-@bda192.bisx.produk.on.blackberry">1189514998-1256622995-cardhu_decombobulator_blackberry.rim.net-907620081-@bda192.bisx.produk.on.blackberry</a>><br>    <br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"<br><br><br><br>-----Original Message-----<br>From: <a ymailto="mailto:nmathu@treasury.go.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=nmathu@treasury.go.ke">nmathu@treasury.go.ke</a><br>Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2009 08:32:02 <br>To: <<a ymailto="mailto:nickwaitathu@financialpost.co.ke" href="/mc/compose?to=nickwaitathu@financialpost.co.ke">nickwaitathu@financialpost.co.ke</a>><br>Subject: press invite - kenya economic report 2009 launch<br><br>Dear Partner,<br><br>RE: THE KENYA ECONOMIC REPORT 2009 LAUNCH<br><br>The Kenya Institute of
 Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) and<br>the Ministry of State for Planning, National Development & Vision 2030<br>cordially invite you to the Launch of the inaugural edition of the Kenya<br>Economic Report (KER) 2009 on Wednesday 28th of October 2009 at the<br>Kenya School of Monetary Studies starting at 9:00am.<br><br>The Kenya Economic Report will be published annually and will primarily<br>focus on the economic performance of the country over the previous one<br>year and prospects for the following three years.<br><br>The report, produced by KIPPRA in consultation with the Ministry of State<br>for Planning, National Development & Vision 2030, Ministry of Finance and<br>Central Bank of Kenya, shall be laid before the National Assembly by the<br>Minister for Planning, National Development & Vision 2030.<br><br>You are cordially invited to attend and cover this function.<br><br>Nancy Mathu<br>PRO<br>-------------- next part
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 65<br>****************************************<br></div></blockquote></td></tr></table><br>__________________________________________________<br>Do You Yahoo!?<br>Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around <br>http://mail.yahoo.com