<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font face="Calibri">Regulatory reform should be considered in discussions on Internet governance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Access to the internet is enabled through convergent networks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Investment in these networks also referred to next generation networks (NGN) is supported by dynamic and responsive regulatory frameworks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font face="Calibri"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">According to the ITU (2006) "Africa is lagging behind in the global race to build convergent networks that are indispensible for competition in the global network economy".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The deployment of c</span>onvergent networks has led to the need for a re-evaluation of regulatory frameworks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%">The development of appropriate regulatory frameworks provides a competitive edge in the global market and countries such as India, Singapore, Malaysia and European Union have developed frameworks to encourage investment and transition in NGN.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font face="Calibri">Developing countries are poised to take up NGN through wireless access technologies that offer ever-increasing broadband capabilities and national fibre backbone deployments, however regulatory changes are needed to facilitate these changes (ITU, 2007).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Fortunately, most countries in the continent have relatively new regulatory frameworks that are amenable to change.</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Calibri">1.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font face="Calibri">ITU (2006) Building and Inclusive Information Society for all in Africa: Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Calibri">2.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><font face="Calibri">ITU (2007) Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2007: The Road to Next-Generation Networks (NGN)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Kind regards</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Mwende</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Disclaimer: These comments are the author's own</span></p>
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<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 8/20/08, <b class="gmail_sendername">alice</b> <<a href="mailto:alice@apc.org">alice@apc.org</a>> wrote:</span>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Apologies for breaking the "rhythm" but this has IG implications as<br>well :-)<br><br>best<br>
alice<br><br><br>Unified license takes effect in Kenya<br>By Rebecca Wanjiku , IDG News Service , 08/20/2008<br><br><br>The much awaited unified license has taken effect in Kenya after the<br>Ministry of Information and Communication issued new policy<br>
guidelines aimed at streamlining license requirements and attracting<br>more investors.<br><br>The guidelines, revealed in this week's Kenya Gazette notice, drop<br>the multiple licensing regime where services were grouped on the<br>
basis of technology. ISPs (Internet service providers), for instance,<br>were formerly required to obtain a separate license to offer VoIP<br>(voice over Internet Protocol).<br><br>Don't Miss!<br>Read the latest WhitePaper - The Rise of USB in the Data CenterUnder<br>
the new license regime, operators and service providers will be<br>licensed under three broad market segments: network facilities<br>providers, application service providers and content service<br>providers. The modified licenses will retain the original terms to<br>
give operators time to transfer to the new regime.<br><br>Network facility providers will own communication infrastructure<br>based on either satellite, terrestrial, mobile or fixed lines. There<br>are three tiers of providers under this category: fixed line network<br>
operators; data carrier network operators; and network facilities<br>providers, including local loop providers, international gateway<br>operators and companies providing fiber optic cable landing<br>facilities.<br><br>Content service provider licensees will provide information and data<br>
processing services and include premium rate and credit card<br>validation service providers<br><br>The unified license policy guidelines were developed after complaints<br>by industry players that the Communications Commission of Kenya<br>
required too many licenses and was not taking into consideration<br>issues of convergence in the ICT sector.<br><br>The guidelines stipulate that the CCK will regulate the adoption of<br>the new licenses and the smooth transition of companies that may hold<br>
more than one license.<br><br><a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/082008-unified-license-takes-">http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/082008-unified-license-takes-</a><br><<a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/082008-unified-license-takes-">http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/082008-unified-license-takes-</a>><br>
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