<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
<title>Re: [kictanet] USA FIRST PRESIDENT ANSWER AND LINK WITH BOARD</title>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<p>Hi Charles,</p><p>First on a light note: the First President in the USA was Lumatunga of the Comanche Tribe about 3,000 BC.狢 remember a question from primary school "Who discovered America?" which was framed to indicate that there were no people living there before the 15th century!</p><p>Second, in the case of the狢CT Board I think the major issue there was its lack of adequate communication with stakeholders. This,©še were informed, will now be addressed. An organization may be facing constraints but if it does not communicate, others will form their own opinions. I am not sure about their strategic plan but my suggestion when an organization is set up with high expectations is that it should factor in some "quick wins"� within its strategy and also update regularly about its progress or status. I think everyone wants to see these efforts succeeding.</p><p>Waudo</p><p>�</p><pre>On Thu, 14 Aug 2008 09:10:57 +0000 (GMT), "charles nduati" <charlesnduati2002@yahoo.co.uk> said:
</pre><blockquote class="QuoteMessage" type="cite"><style type="text/css"></style><div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif">Hi All,<br /><br />I am sure all of you thought the obvious answer is George Washington. The first USA president was called John Hunson, who was known as the� president of the confederation.� George� Washing ton became president� 13 years after declaration of independence� when the� Constitution was ratified by the original states.<br /><br />For those who have� been bashing ICT Borad , You should now know some things are not as obvious as you might think, and my own experience in setting up a parastatal from scratch has shown me that it can take more than 3 years just to get the systems going. The main reason for this is so as to have a transparent system, which turns out to be counter productive.<br /><br />If you you indeed want to help ICT board have rapid results, lobby the MP's to change the archaic� business processes� in the public sector<br /><br />cheers All<br /><br />Charles<br />�<br /><div>�</div>CHARLES N. NDUATI<br />BUSINESS MANAGER<br />JKUAT ENTERPRISES LTD<br />JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY<br />JUJA MAIN CAMPUS, THIKA<br />P. O. BOX 79324-00200<br />NAIROBI, KENYA<br />TEL: 254-067-52420 OR 254-067-52711 FAX: 254-067-52438<br />MOBILE:254-722728815<br />EMIAL:charlesnduati2002@yahoo.co.uk<br />www.jkuat.ac.ke<div><br /></div><div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif"><br /><div style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman,new york,times,serif">----- Original Message ----<br />From: Brian Longwe <blongwe@gmail.com><br />To: charlesnduati2002@yahoo.co.uk<br />Cc: kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke<br />Sent: Thursday, 14 August, 2008 10:52:06<br />Subject: Re: [kictanet] Day 3 of 10:-IGF Discussions, Internet Interconnection Charges<br /><br /><div dir="ltr">Alex,<br /><br />The term is not "announcing" it is known as "peering" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peering" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peering</a> which is defined as <br />"<br />is voluntary interconnection of administratively separate <a title="Internet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">Internet</a> <a class="mw-redirect" title="Data network" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_network" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">networks</a> for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the customers of each network. The pure definition of peering is settlement-free or "sender keeps all," meaning that neither party pays the other for the exchanged traffic, instead, each derives revenue from its own customers.<br />"<br /><br />Underlying the ability to peer is the ability to access affordable infrastructure, otherwise most operators settle for transit arrangements where the inherent costs of the underlying transport is too high.<br /><br />Regards,<br /><br />Brian<br /><br /><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Aug 13, 2008 at 9:47 PM, Gakuru, Alex <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com">alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br /><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid">Alongside we should also consider the IXP concept where ISPs mutually<br />accept one another traffic without international transit (the concept<br />is called "announcing"). Simply put, such traffic never incurs<br />international transit costs. Question: Should this "part" of internet<br />cost consumers the same as costly international satellite? This<br />becomes more apparent when a lot of popular sites get locally hosted,<br />and for example where local content woes and comprises most traffic.<br /><br />Besides that, East (and all of) Africa should embrace solutions that<br />"keep Africa traffic in Africa" such as RASCOM 1 - the satellite now<br />in space that was designed by Kenya's own Engineer James Rege;)<br />potentially saving Africa a sizable chunk of the US$ 800 million<br />annual spending on transit traffic. Also more local and regional IXPs<br />would assist (and less NATs please)<br /><br />Network neutrality is a very hot one I dare not touch much except<br />affirm that whatever obstructs "the end-to-end<br />principle"<<a href="http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.txt" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.txt</a>><br />should be removed from the network. They include 麖rivacy invading<br />techniques known as Deep Packet Inspection (or<br />DPI).<<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection</a>> Trust me to<br />sneak in consumer issues;) But it is an important aspect when<br />determining through whom your traffic passes.<br /><br />Regards,<br /><br />Alex<br /><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br /><br /><br /><br />On Wed, Aug 13, 2008 at 5:04 PM, mwende njiraini<br /><<a href="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com">mwende.njiraini@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br />> In traditional telephony call termination revenues are shared between<br />> operators and are based on negotiated interconnection rates, in a regulated<br />> environment, rather than the size and number of subscribers on the network.<br />> (I stand to be corrected) Developing countries for a long time have<br />> benefited from revenues generated from this international settlement<br />> scheme. 贌owever, these revenues are rapidly being eroded by VoIP, which is<br />> encouraged by 'loosely regulated' flat rate pricing of internet bandwidth.<br />> The issue internet interconnection is based on the fact that international<br />> ISPs have no incentive to enter shared-cost peering with ISPs developing<br />> countries thus forcing them to incur the full cost of transmitting<br />> international traffic. �What incentives need to be put in place to encourage<br />> shared-cost peering? 蟖ontent development?<br />><br />><br />> There is raging debate on "network neutrality"; with network operators<br />> seeking to price network access on the basis of utilization in a bid to<br />> manage network congestion. 狢n the US, for example the recent Comcast case<br />> has resulted in the regulator, FCC, ruling that Comcast 'discriminatory'<br />> network management practices were illegal. �To overcome the challenge of<br />> network congestion several proposals have been made including the<br />> introduction of bandwidth metered services. 𦸅int Cerf, Google's chief<br />> internet evangelist, has proposed that ISPs should "introduce transmission<br />> caps allowing users to purchase access to the Internet at a given minimum<br />> data rate, which would be guaranteed even during times of congestion." 賫et<br />> neutrality is definitely an issue we may need to consider with reference to<br />> the current developments in national and international fibre optic<br />> projects.<br />><br />> References:<br />><br />> <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10007079-93.html" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10007079-93.html</a><br />><br />> Regards<br />><br />> Mwende<br />><br />> Disclaimer: Comments are author's own.<br />><br />> On 8/13/08, John Walubengo <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:<br />>><br />>> Plse feel free to belatedly contribute on Day 1 or 2 themes, jst remember<br />>> to pick the correct subject line. 瓱eanwhile today we should discuss one of<br />>> IG issues that touch squarely on the retail cost of Internet Service in<br />>> developing countries- the Internet Interconnection Charges (IIC, in short)<br />>><br />>> This issue is fairly complex and explosive but we could try and understand<br />>> if we used a simplified model for Mobile Phone Interconnection Charges and<br />>> Relationships. 蟖onsider mobile phone company, X with 8million customers and<br />>> mobile phone company, Y with 2 million customers. � Each company is supposed<br />>> to compensate (pay) the other for terminating calls originating from the<br />>> other. In such a relationship, the bigger company X, can chose to dictate<br />>> how much the smaller company, Y pays it to terminate the 'Y' calls to its<br />>> bigger 'X' network/customers.<br />>><br />>> This is losely similar to what is called Transit relationship on the<br />>> Internet. �The big internet networks (Tier 1 and 2 Internet Backbone<br />>> Providers) in US/Europe get to dictate how much the smaller networks in<br />>> developing countries need to pay in order to terminate their internet<br />>> requests for email, web, dns, voip and other services into their Network.<br />>> Even our much celebrated TEAMS, EASsy and other projects cannot escape these<br />>> Transit Interconnection Costs. Ofcourse if you do not like their<br />>> Interconnection Charges you are free to take a walk into nowhere (read: stay<br />>> offline).<br />>><br />>> Another relationship does exist, the Peer-to-Peer relationship which is<br />>> equivalent to Mobile phone company Y and company X both having equal or<br />>> similar number of customers/value e.g. 5million each. In such a<br />>> relationship, the two Internet Backbone/Service providers chose NOT to<br />>> charge each other anything. Traffic between the two is exchanged<br />>> reciprically for free but below each of this big Networks are the smaller<br />>> networks (read African networks), that must pay Transit Charges. Put<br />>> bluntly, Africa and other developing countries are subsidizing Internet<br />>> Costs for the rich nations in the North.<br />>><br />>> Many studies have been carried out to get us out of this fix such as the<br />>> Halfway-propositions, the ICAIS, etc but todate the status quo remains. �The<br />>> standard response has remained 'If it current interconnection models are<br />>> working, why should you try and fix them?'<br />>><br />>> 1 day for comments, corrections and/or proposals on this theme.<br />>><br />>> walu.<br />>><br />>> Ref: for some of the Studies:<br />>> International Charging Arrangements for Internet Services, Module I,<br />>> ICAIS, p.3<br />>> <a href="http://www.tmdenton.com/pub/reports/icais_mod1_ch1.pdf" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://www.tmdenton.com/pub/reports/icais_mod1_ch1.pdf</a><br />>><br />>> The Half-Way Proposition.<br />>> <a href="http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_130.html" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_130.html</a><br />>><br />>><br />>><br />>><br />>><br />>> _______________________________________________<br />>> kictanet mailing list<br />>> <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br />>> <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br />>><br />>> This message was sent to: <a href="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com">mwende.njiraini@gmail.com</a><br />>> Unsubscribe or change your options at<br />>> <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/mwende.njiraini@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/mwende.njiraini%40gmail.com</a><br />><br />><br />> _______________________________________________<br />> kictanet mailing list<br />> <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br />> <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br />><br /></div></div>> This message was sent to: <a href="mailto:alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com">alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com</a><br /><div class="Ih2E3d">> Unsubscribe or change your options at<br /></div>> <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/alexgakuru.lists%40gmail.com</a><br /><div class="Ih2E3d">><br />><br /><br />_______________________________________________<br />kictanet mailing list<br /><a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br /><a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br /><br /></div>This message was sent to: <a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a><br />Unsubscribe or change your options at <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/blongwe%40gmail.com</a><br /></blockquote></div><br /><br clear="all" /><br />-- <br />Brian Munyao Longwe<br />e-mail: <a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow" defanged_ymailto="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a><br />cell: + 254 722 518 744<br />blog : <a href="http://zinjlog.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://zinjlog.blogspot.com</a><br />meta-blog: <a href="http://mashilingi.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" defanged_rel="nofollow">http://mashilingi.blogspot.com</a><br /></div></div></div></div><br />Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com </blockquote>
<pre>People make a plan work, a plan alone seldom makes people work (Confucius).
</pre>
</body>
</html>