<div dir="ltr">too bad it only lasted 9 minutes but congrats nonetheless..<br><br>4th overall timewise is great! .. Now beating Phelps while in the pool at the same time would be even more enjoyable.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">
On Thu, Aug 14, 2008 at 4:25 PM, waudo siganga <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:emailsignet@mailcan.com">emailsignet@mailcan.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Sorry to interrupt with this non-ICT issue but then we all operate in<br>
the wider environment. While today's early headlines were all about<br>
Michael Phelps being the greatest Olympian, here pops up KENYAN Jason<br>
Dunford and smashes Phelps Olympic Record in the 100m butterfly. BIG<br>
CONGRATS.<br>
<br>
Waudo<br>
<br>
On Thu, 14 Aug 2008 05:48:17 -0700 (PDT), "Alex Gakuru"<br>
<<a href="mailto:alex.gakuru@yahoo.com">alex.gakuru@yahoo.com</a>> said:<br>
> Clearly Brian I am was not referring to peering but something within.<br>
> I shall locate and extract the lines from my 6deploy notes and post.<br>
><br>
> regards,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> --- On Thu, 8/14/08, Brian Longwe <<a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> > From: Brian Longwe <<a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a>><br>
> > Subject: Re: [kictanet] Day 3 of 10:-IGF Discussions, Internet Interconnection Charges<br>
> > To: <a href="mailto:alex.gakuru@yahoo.com">alex.gakuru@yahoo.com</a><br>
> > Cc: <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
> > Date: Thursday, August 14, 2008, 12:52 AM<br>
> > Alex,<br>
> ><br>
> > The term is not "announcing" it is known as<br>
> > "peering"<br>
> > <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peering" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peering</a> which is defined as<br>
> > "<br>
> > is voluntary interconnection of administratively separate<br>
> > Internet<<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet</a>><br>
> > networks <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_network" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_network</a>><br>
> > for the purpose of<br>
> > exchanging traffic between the customers of each network.<br>
> > The pure<br>
> > definition of peering is settlement-free or "sender<br>
> > keeps all," meaning that<br>
> > neither party pays the other for the exchanged traffic,<br>
> > instead, each<br>
> > derives revenue from its own customers.<br>
> > "<br>
> ><br>
> > Underlying the ability to peer is the ability to access<br>
> > affordable<br>
> > infrastructure, otherwise most operators settle for transit<br>
> > arrangements<br>
> > where the inherent costs of the underlying transport is too<br>
> > high.<br>
> ><br>
> > Regards,<br>
> ><br>
> > Brian<br>
> ><br>
> > On Wed, Aug 13, 2008 at 9:47 PM, Gakuru, Alex<br>
> > <<a href="mailto:alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com">alexgakuru.lists@gmail.com</a>>wrote:<br>
> ><br>
> > > Alongside we should also consider the IXP concept<br>
> > where ISPs mutually<br>
> > > accept one another traffic without international<br>
> > transit (the concept<br>
> > > is called "announcing"). Simply put, such<br>
> > traffic never incurs<br>
> > > international transit costs. Question: Should this<br>
> > "part" of internet<br>
> > > cost consumers the same as costly international<br>
> > satellite? This<br>
> > > becomes more apparent when a lot of popular sites get<br>
> > locally hosted,<br>
> > > and for example where local content woes and comprises<br>
> > most traffic.<br>
> > ><br>
> > > Besides that, East (and all of) Africa should embrace<br>
> > solutions that<br>
> > > "keep Africa traffic in Africa" such as<br>
> > RASCOM 1 - the satellite now<br>
> > > in space that was designed by Kenya's own Engineer<br>
> > James Rege;)<br>
> > > potentially saving Africa a sizable chunk of the US$<br>
> > 800 million<br>
> > > annual spending on transit traffic. Also more local<br>
> > and regional IXPs<br>
> > > would assist (and less NATs please)<br>
> > ><br>
> > > Network neutrality is a very hot one I dare not touch<br>
> > much except<br>
> > > affirm that whatever obstructs "the end-to-end<br>
> > > principle"<<br>
> > ><br>
> > <a href="http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.txt" target="_blank">http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.txt</a>><br>
> > > should be removed from the network. They include<br>
> > privacy invading<br>
> > > techniques known as Deep Packet Inspection (or<br>
> > ><br>
> > DPI).<<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection</a>><br>
> > Trust me to<br>
> > > sneak in consumer issues;) But it is an important<br>
> > aspect when<br>
> > > determining through whom your traffic passes.<br>
> > ><br>
> > > Regards,<br>
> > ><br>
> > > Alex<br>
> > ><br>
> > ><br>
> > ><br>
> > ><br>
> > > On Wed, Aug 13, 2008 at 5:04 PM, mwende njiraini<br>
> > > <<a href="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com">mwende.njiraini@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
> > > > In traditional telephony call termination<br>
> > revenues are shared between<br>
> > > > operators and are based on negotiated<br>
> > interconnection rates, in a<br>
> > > regulated<br>
> > > > environment, rather than the size and number of<br>
> > subscribers on the<br>
> > > network.<br>
> > > > (I stand to be corrected) Developing countries<br>
> > for a long time have<br>
> > > > benefited from revenues generated from this<br>
> > international settlement<br>
> > > > scheme. However, these revenues are rapidly<br>
> > being eroded by VoIP, which<br>
> > > is<br>
> > > > encouraged by 'loosely regulated' flat<br>
> > rate pricing of internet<br>
> > > bandwidth.<br>
> > > > The issue internet interconnection is based on<br>
> > the fact that<br>
> > > international<br>
> > > > ISPs have no incentive to enter shared-cost<br>
> > peering with ISPs developing<br>
> > > > countries thus forcing them to incur the full<br>
> > cost of transmitting<br>
> > > > international traffic. What incentives need to<br>
> > be put in place to<br>
> > > encourage<br>
> > > > shared-cost peering? Content development?<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > There is raging debate on "network<br>
> > neutrality"; with network operators<br>
> > > > seeking to price network access on the basis of<br>
> > utilization in a bid to<br>
> > > > manage network congestion. In the US, for<br>
> > example the recent Comcast<br>
> > > case<br>
> > > > has resulted in the regulator, FCC, ruling that<br>
> > Comcast 'discriminatory'<br>
> > > > network management practices were illegal. To<br>
> > overcome the challenge of<br>
> > > > network congestion several proposals have been<br>
> > made including the<br>
> > > > introduction of bandwidth metered services. Vint<br>
> > Cerf, Google's chief<br>
> > > > internet evangelist, has proposed that ISPs<br>
> > should "introduce<br>
> > > transmission<br>
> > > > caps allowing users to purchase access to the<br>
> > Internet at a given minimum<br>
> > > > data rate, which would be guaranteed even during<br>
> > times of congestion."<br>
> > > Net<br>
> > > > neutrality is definitely an issue we may need to<br>
> > consider with reference<br>
> > > to<br>
> > > > the current developments in national and<br>
> > international fibre optic<br>
> > > > projects.<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > References:<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10007079-93.html" target="_blank">http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10007079-93.html</a><br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > Regards<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > Mwende<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > Disclaimer: Comments are author's own.<br>
> > > ><br>
> > > > On 8/13/08, John Walubengo<br>
> > <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> Plse feel free to belatedly contribute on Day<br>
> > 1 or 2 themes, jst<br>
> > > remember<br>
> > > >> to pick the correct subject line. Meanwhile<br>
> > today we should discuss one<br>
> > > of<br>
> > > >> IG issues that touch squarely on the retail<br>
> > cost of Internet Service in<br>
> > > >> developing countries- the Internet<br>
> > Interconnection Charges (IIC, in<br>
> > > short)<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> This issue is fairly complex and explosive<br>
> > but we could try and<br>
> > > understand<br>
> > > >> if we used a simplified model for Mobile<br>
> > Phone Interconnection Charges<br>
> > > and<br>
> > > >> Relationships. Consider mobile phone<br>
> > company, X with 8million customers<br>
> > > and<br>
> > > >> mobile phone company, Y with 2 million<br>
> > customers. Each company is<br>
> > > supposed<br>
> > > >> to compensate (pay) the other for terminating<br>
> > calls originating from the<br>
> > > >> other. In such a relationship, the bigger<br>
> > company X, can chose to<br>
> > > dictate<br>
> > > >> how much the smaller company, Y pays it to<br>
> > terminate the 'Y' calls to<br>
> > > its<br>
> > > >> bigger 'X' network/customers.<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> This is losely similar to what is called<br>
> > Transit relationship on the<br>
> > > >> Internet. The big internet networks (Tier 1<br>
> > and 2 Internet Backbone<br>
> > > >> Providers) in US/Europe get to dictate how<br>
> > much the smaller networks in<br>
> > > >> developing countries need to pay in order to<br>
> > terminate their internet<br>
> > > >> requests for email, web, dns, voip and other<br>
> > services into their<br>
> > > Network.<br>
> > > >> Even our much celebrated TEAMS, EASsy and<br>
> > other projects cannot escape<br>
> > > these<br>
> > > >> Transit Interconnection Costs. Ofcourse if<br>
> > you do not like their<br>
> > > >> Interconnection Charges you are free to take<br>
> > a walk into nowhere (read:<br>
> > > stay<br>
> > > >> offline).<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> Another relationship does exist, the<br>
> > Peer-to-Peer relationship which is<br>
> > > >> equivalent to Mobile phone company Y and<br>
> > company X both having equal or<br>
> > > >> similar number of customers/value e.g.<br>
> > 5million each. In such a<br>
> > > >> relationship, the two Internet<br>
> > Backbone/Service providers chose NOT to<br>
> > > >> charge each other anything. Traffic between<br>
> > the two is exchanged<br>
> > > >> reciprically for free but below each of this<br>
> > big Networks are the<br>
> > > smaller<br>
> > > >> networks (read African networks), that must<br>
> > pay Transit Charges. Put<br>
> > > >> bluntly, Africa and other developing<br>
> > countries are subsidizing Internet<br>
> > > >> Costs for the rich nations in the North.<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> Many studies have been carried out to get us<br>
> > out of this fix such as the<br>
> > > >> Halfway-propositions, the ICAIS, etc but<br>
> > todate the status quo remains.<br>
> > > The<br>
> > > >> standard response has remained 'If it<br>
> > current interconnection models are<br>
> > > >> working, why should you try and fix<br>
> > them?'<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> 1 day for comments, corrections and/or<br>
> > proposals on this theme.<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> walu.<br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> Ref: for some of the Studies:<br>
> > > >> International Charging Arrangements for<br>
> > Internet Services, Module I,<br>
> > > >> ICAIS, p.3<br>
> > > >><br>
> > <a href="http://www.tmdenton.com/pub/reports/icais_mod1_ch1.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.tmdenton.com/pub/reports/icais_mod1_ch1.pdf</a><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> The Half-Way Proposition.<br>
> > > >><br>
> > <a href="http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_130.html" target="_blank">http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_130.html</a><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >><br>
> > _______________________________________________<br>
> > > >> kictanet mailing list<br>
> > > >> <a href="mailto:kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke</a><br>
> > > >><br>
> > <a href="http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet" target="_blank">http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><br>
> > > >><br>
> > > >> This message was sent to:<br>
> > <a href="mailto:mwende.njiraini@gmail.com">mwende.njiraini@gmail.com</a><br>
> > > >> Unsubscribe or change your options at<br>
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> > ><br>
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> > > ><br>
> > > ><br>
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> > > ><br>
> > > ><br>
> > ><br>
> > > _______________________________________________<br>
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> > ><br>
> ><br>
> ><br>
> ><br>
> > --<br>
> > Brian Munyao Longwe<br>
> > e-mail: <a href="mailto:blongwe@gmail.com">blongwe@gmail.com</a><br>
> > cell: + 254 722 518 744<br>
> > blog : <a href="http://zinjlog.blogspot.com" target="_blank">http://zinjlog.blogspot.com</a><br>
> > meta-blog: <a href="http://mashilingi.blogspot.com" target="_blank">http://mashilingi.blogspot.com</a><br>
> > _______________________________________________<br>
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