<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>CCK Grants Safaricom 3G Licence in Kenya</B></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana">The Communications Commission of Kenya has granted Safaricom the first third generation (3G) licence for $25 million (Sh1.6 billion).</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana">Information and Communication minister Mr Mutahi Kagwe said proceeds from the license fee would be used to develop information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure in the country.</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana">The money will foot part of bill for the laying of The East Africa Marine System (Teams) undersea fibre optic cable and the Fibre Optic National Network (Fonn).</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">The licence will allow Safaricom to rollout 3G services that include high-speed data communications such us mobile Internet access, mobile videoconferencing and videophone.</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#00072F" face="Verdana"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (Source: East African Standard)</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On 19 Oct 2007, at 23:35, Anders Comstedt wrote:</DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV class="Section1"><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Jabulani is hitting the nail noting that the funds are less of a problem from now on. The solid growth of the sector in </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Africa</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">, and not least the areas not served by fibre optic backbones to the rest of the world, has now passed the point where a business case could be made.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">All of a sudden it is more about the strong first mover advantages in this new situation. Who will be allowed to move?</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">If the entire sector, not the individual company X or Z, should continue to grow you cannot have strong new entry barriers holding back competition and innovation. The first mover advantage on fibre backbones is just about that. The only way is to find mechanisms to share assets that will not be replicated and are really not any differentiator: Fibre backbones. That means finding ways of sharing risks, building trust between the users of such a facility. Unfortunately, lots of the process past WSIS has been about the reverse, how could my company/group/country get on top in controlling assets to my advantage?</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">True, sharing has shown to be extremely tricky everywhere, but even so, that is the big trend in many places, prompted and facilitated by the regulators and policy makers. Structural separation is for instance debated in several places in the EU, not least by the DG INFO commissioner Reding. If overbuild of wireline structures, duplication by several operators, cannot be supported outside metro cores in EU, well, then it wont happen anywhere else either. Period. Even in tiny </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Singapore</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial; color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">, a common fibre structure is under way.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Ultimately, a few years down the road you will end up either sharing in a joint separate operation you trust, or one(possibly two) operator will be regulated to sell at cost related prices.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Today, the big remaining process problem is not looking at the individual company/companies, but on the sector. And looking one step behind, how the development of the sector will transform into general development leverage. �Or to bend the words of a former </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">US</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial; color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; "> president: It is about the ICT jobs with the users, stupid!</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">It is easy for policy makers to be trapped to consider one operator or the other and get lost in the details. User agents are the most missing in this debate. But in their absence small ISPs and internet activists will have to do. The most critical thing right now is creating the political support for sharing and then lubricating the risk taking mechanisms involving the parties responsible/involved in the operational implementation.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Unfortunately, the ITU system has no track record of driving any process like this, but is stuck in relations between vertically integrated, standalone operators, their traditional stakeholders. Making these ideas stick in </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Kigali</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; "> will be tough, nevertheless, there are only these two ways forward indicated above in the long run. It took us a decade and a half to do stupid things in EU just delaying this process after the early 90ies start of the liberalization. Now we realize that we have to bite the bullet anyhow as technology has changed from PTSN to layered networks and modules, and several businesses are competing on various IP based services.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">There is zero reason for </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Africa</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial; color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; "> to not leap frog this wheel spinning in a dead end.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Governments are not leaving to the civil work contractors to decide where they like to have the road, or?�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">All the best</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Anders Comstedt</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><FONT size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="2" face="Tahoma"><SPAN style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; ">-----Ursprungligt meddelande-----</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">Fr�n:</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "> Discuss-owner@afrispa.org [<A href="mailto:Discuss-owner@afrispa.org">mailto:Discuss-owner@afrispa.org</A>] </SPAN><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">F�r </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; ">Jabulani Dhliwayo</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">Skickat:</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "> den 19 oktober 2007 17:04</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">Till:</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "> <A href="mailto:Discuss@afrispa.org">Discuss@afrispa.org</A>; <A href="mailto:discuss@afrispa.org">discuss@afrispa.org</A></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">Kopia:</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "> KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><B style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold; ">�mne:</SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13.3333px; "> Re: Fwd: Conncet Africa, was Re: [AfrISPA.Discuss] SV: [Fibre-for-africa] Connectivity: What does Africa really need?</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">It's good to know about the proposals�and funds being organized for high capacity Infrastructure. I am also confident that coming up with a "how to" component should not be much of a problem. Funding is only one variable in the equation for sound ICT infrastructure, policy/regulation remains one�significant variable. So at the end of the day, it does not matter how much money is available and how solid�the plans are, as long as frustrating policies�remain in place, we will continue to have problems.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">I hope�those of you attending Connect-Africa�will be able to bring policy issues to the fore-front - unfortunately I had to cancell my plans for attending this event because of other travel assignments. However, I will be attend the Submarine�Networks Africa event in Johannesburg - November 27-28 and I hope to meet some you there and hopefully together we can push for more sensible regulations.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Jabulani Dhliwayo</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://www.alignafrica.com">http://www.alignafrica.com</A>��</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; ">Eric Osiakwan <<A href="mailto:eric@afrispa.org">eric@afrispa.org</A>></SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> wrote:</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><BLOCKQUOTE style="border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt; margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Begin forwarded message:</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black; font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">From: </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT size="1" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Shem Ochuodho <<A href="mailto:shemochuodho@yahoo.com"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">shemochuodho@yahoo.com</SPAN></A>></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black; font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Date: </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT size="1" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">19 October 2007 07:34:09 GMT+03:00</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black; font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">To: </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT size="1" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"><A href="mailto:anriette@apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">anriette@apc.org</SPAN></A>, APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants <<A href="mailto:fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A>></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black; font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Subject: </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Re: Conncet Africa, was Re: SV: [Fibre-for-africa] Connectivity: What does Africa really need?</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black; font-weight:bold"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Reply-To: </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT size="1" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants <<A href="mailto:fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A>></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="MIN-HEIGHT: 14px"><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Yes, Anders raise very pertinent points (in typical style</SPAN><IMG border="0" width="18" height="18" src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/mesg/tsmileys2/01.gif"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">!).</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">I plan to be there. I was privileged to attend one of the technical planning meetings in Addis. One of the strong targets being recommended by the techies is "Broadband Connectivity to all capitals and other major cities by 2012". The 'how-to' part of it is still weak, and this is where Anders' proposal for a Broadband Infrastructure Development fund comes in handy. Just note that already there are at least: NEPAD Pan-African Infrastructure Devpt Fund (understandably with billions of US$ already in it - thanks to SA Pensions Funds)�, COMESA Infrastructure Devpt Fund, East Africa Infrastructure Devpt Fund (proposed), Digital Solidarity Fund, and am sure there could be several others. Licensing fees, or even better annual universal service/access contributions could be a good sustainable entry entry point.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Warmest rgrds.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Shem, Nairobi</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; "><SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; ">Anriette Esterhuysen <</SPAN><A href="mailto:anriette@apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">anriette@apc.org</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; ">></SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> wrote:</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><BLOCKQUOTE style="border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt; margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Very good arguments. And certainly a position we should</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">be advocating for at the upcoming Connect Africa</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Summit.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Who on this will will be there?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Anriette</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">From: "waudo siganga"</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">To: "APC - Private list for use by EASSY</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Workshop Participants" ,</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">"'APC - Private list for use by EASSY</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Workshop Participants'" </SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Subject: Re: SV: [Fibre-for-africa] Connectivity: What</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">does Africa really need?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Date sent: Tue, 16 Oct 2007 15:25:05 +0300</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Send reply to: APC - Private list for use by EASSY</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Workshop Participants </SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FIBRE-FOR-AFRICA.LISTS.APC.ORG style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="mailto:request@lists.apc.org?subject=unsubscribe"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">request@lists.apc.org?subject=unsubscribe</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="mailto:request@lists.apc.org?subject=subscribe"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">request@lists.apc.org?subject=subscribe</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> Good arguments from Anders - Waudo</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> On Tue, 16 Oct 2007 13:26:53 +0200, "Anders Comstedt"</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> said:</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Dear Wakabi and others</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Isn't it difficult to ask for a Marshall plan and at the same time</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > see how the sector and, above all, its users are financially</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > drained?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > PROFITABLE TELECOMS</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Surprisingly there are higher profit margins in most of the business</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > that the mobile phone operators have in Africa, including or</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > excluding the licence fees, comparing to counterparts in more open</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > and competitive markets. How is that? Why is competition restricted</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > and prices not coming down, in particular considering the low</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > purchase power of the users? Some people obviously don't want to</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > change the ball game.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The combined sector revenues to governments and shareholders make it</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > a little bit difficult to say that the sector cannot finance its own</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > investments, expanding footprint and new services. Actually at the</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > same time even reduce user prices quite a bit. How come that the</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > users are not given more choices from several competing providers?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Shifting value to much to users, or?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The typical licensing regime still seems, in general, to serve no</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > other purpose but to sell operators a hunting licence on users,</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > maximising the government revenues in the process. The scarce</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > spectrum resource is in many ways used as an over inflated bogus</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > argument in lack of any better. True, it is to some extent an issue</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > and the licensing should focus on it, skipping licensing and all</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > other restrictions on open market, free provision of service. On the</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > contrary, dominant players should be obliged to interconnect, not</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > being sheltered from competition.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Why are operator investments taxed, instead of profits, if you like</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > to drive investments?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > SHARING INFRASTRUCTURE</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Sharing basic, non-differentiating infrastructure at cost related</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > prices turns out to be a good business proposal (like</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="http://www.openreach.co.uk/"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://www.openreach.co.uk</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> ) as it is always cheaper than</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > do-it-yourself if you have a few service competitors using it. High</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > utilisation would create a lower cost base for all operators. But it</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > requires organisational structure that lowers operational and</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > political risks. What is done to lower those risks?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Note, the most important thing in shared infrastructure is TRUST.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Or, who would like to bet the farm on being depending upon a flimsy</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > operation controlled by people with no skin in the game?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > USERS</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The most appalling absence in the African telecom policy debate is</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > the users and the user agents. True, the telecom sector is dominated</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > by a producer perspective globally, but in places where strong user</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > agents are balancing these forces we get a more reasonable chunk of</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > the value distributed to all parties. How will user agents come</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > forward in the debate?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The ITU</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Wouldn't it be interesting to put half of all the combined licence</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > revenues for the coming two years into an African backbone and</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > global interconnectivity fund? To create an infrastructure open to</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > all providers, new or old, on equal terms. Now that is a task for</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > the ITU! Or is the ITU too dominated by folks who don't want to</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > change the ball game to the advantage of users?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The document would benefit from touching the areas above.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Sincerely</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Anders Comstedt</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > -----Ursprungligt meddelande-----</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Fr�n: </SPAN><A href="mailto:fibre-for-africa-bounces@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">fibre-for-africa-bounces@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > [</SPAN><A href="mailto:fibre-for-africa-bounces@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">mailto:fibre-for-africa-bounces@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">] F�r Wairagala Wakabi</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Skickat: den 16 oktober 2007 07:17 Till: APC - Private list for use</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > by EASSY Workshop Participants �mne: [Fibre-for-africa]</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Connectivity: What does Africa really need?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Netters,</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > The ITU is convening the 'Connects Africa' summit in Kigali, Rwanda</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > on October 29-30. Its main concerns are that Internet services</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > needed for business, government and consumer applications continue</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > to be either very expensive or not available due to limited</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > broadband network infrastructure; and that rural connectivity and</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > access remain inadequate as does the availability of locally</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > relevant content, applications and services.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > This paper, by the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > East and Southern Africa (CIPESA), outlines some of the issues that</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > need to be addressed for the vision of boosting connectivity in</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Africa to be realised.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="http://fibreforafrica.net/main.shtml?x=5236108&als%5bMYALIAS6%5d=Joining"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://fibreforafrica.net/main.shtml?x=5236108&als[MYALIAS6]=Joining</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > %20the%2 0dots&als[select]=4051582</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Wakabi</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > _______________________________________________</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Fibre-for-africa mailing list</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="mailto:Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> ></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > _______________________________________________</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > Fibre-for-africa mailing list</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="mailto:Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> > </SPAN><A href="http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> --</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> waudo siganga</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> </SPAN><A href="mailto:emailsignet@mailcan.com"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">emailsignet@mailcan.com</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> _______________________________________________</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> Fibre-for-africa mailing list</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> </SPAN><A href="mailto:Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> </SPAN><A href="http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> --</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> No virus found in this incoming message.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> Checked by AVG Free Edition.</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> Version: 7.5.488 / Virus Database: 269.14.13/1074 - Release Date:</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">> 10/16/2007 2:14 PM</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">------------------------------------------------------</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Anriette Esterhuysen, Executive Director</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Association for Progressive Communications</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="mailto:anriette@apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">anriette@apc.org</SPAN></A><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://www.apc.org">http://www.apc.org</A></SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">PO Box 29755, Melville, South Africa. 2109</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Tel. 27 11 726 1692</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Fax 27 11 726 1692</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></FIBRE-FOR-AFRICA.LISTS.APC.ORG></SPAN></FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Shem J. Ochuodho, MSc (Eng), PhD, LLD (Hon)</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Parliamentary Aspirant (2007), Rangwe Constituency, Kenya</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Kenya Community Abroad (KCA) 2006/07 Excellence Award Winner</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">AfricaOnline 2005 Industry Pioneer Award Recipient</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Cell: +254-721-269702 (Kenya/roaming), Skype: shem.ochuodho</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Please join/be part of our campaign at:</SPAN><A href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/shemochuodhoforparliament2007/"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/shemochuodhoforparliament2007/</SPAN></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">__________________________________________________</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Do You Yahoo!?</SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around </SPAN><BR style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://mail.yahoo.com/"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://mail.yahoo.com</SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">_______________________________________________</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Fibre-for-africa mailing list</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="mailto:Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">Fibre-for-africa@lists.apc.org</SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa</SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><SPAN style="border-spacing: 0px 0px;orphans: 2;widows: 2;khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; apple-text-size-adjust: auto;word-spacing:0px"><SPAN style="border-spacing: 0px 0px; orphans: 2;widows: 2;khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;apple-text-size-adjust: auto; word-spacing:0px"><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><SPAN style="border-spacing: 0px 0px;orphans: 2;widows: 2;khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; apple-text-size-adjust: auto;word-spacing:0px">Eric M.K Osiakwan</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Executive Secretary</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">AfrISPA (<A href="http://www.afrispa.org/"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">www.afrispa.org</SPAN></A>)</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Fax: + 233.21.258811</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Cell: + 233.244.386792</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Handle: eosiakwan</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Blog:�<A href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/</SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV style="margin-left:15.0pt"><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Slang: "Tomorrow Now"</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">�</SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">�</SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><SPAN style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT></P></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV style="margin-left: 65.2pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">�</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Eric M.K Osiakwan</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Executive Secretary</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">AfrISPA (<A href="http://www.afrispa.org">www.afrispa.org</A>)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Fax: + 233.21.258811</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Cell: + 233.244.386792</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Handle: eosiakwan</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Blog:�<A href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/">http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/</A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; ">Slang: "Tomorrow Now"</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>