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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Begin forwarded message:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:
</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'>Sammy Buruchara <<a href="mailto:buruchara@mac.com">buruchara@mac.com</a>></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Date:
</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'>April 27, 2007 5:18:27 PM GMT+03:00</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;font-weight:bold'>To:
</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'>Kenya ICT Action Network - KICTANet <<a
href="mailto:kictanet@kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@kictanet.or.ke</a>></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Subject:
</span></font></b><b><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica;font-weight:bold'>Re: [kictanet] Day 3 of 10: Day 3 -
Hierarchy of IGO & ISPs</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I find the conclusion of this report about the IGO and ISP quite
ignorant of historical facts:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></span>-
The government from the onset of the Internet Industry was reluctant to license
ISPs because of TKL.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></span>At
the time only TKL had International Gateway License.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Even 5 years after giving them ISP license, ISPs were still not allowed
to setup IG operations. CCK used to visit ISPs premises routinely to check if
they have illegal VSAT. State security was usually the excuse.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>International bandwidth from TKL was then US$8000 per 64kbs half
circuit. Naturally this was somehow passed on to the client.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></span>-
ISPs got the license 5 years later (2000) JamboNet was set up but still ISPs
(even GSM operators) had to go through TKL for all International bandwidth
whether through JamboNet or dedicated circuit. Dedicated circuit was made
prohibitively higher to force ISPs to use Jambonet.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></span>-
It took Tespok campaigning and even harassment by CCK of Tespok leadership
before CCK could concede to actually open up the Telecoms Market in 2004.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Tespok went to the Tribunal and won a case with CCK forcing them to
allow operators setup International gateways. ISPs paid for this court case
which cost millions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Unfortunately the authorities had other ways of permanently preventing
ISPs from ever getting an International Gateway facility: Licensing fees. To
setup an International gateway license the license fees was and still is Ksh 16
million. Naturally most ISPs could not afford this. In <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region>, it is a
paltry US$1000.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The beneficiaries of the liberalization victories were therefore not
ISP but other investors who previously were not anywhere near the industry
play. So came up KDN, Jamii, and all other BOGs. In fact only UUNET recently
joined the group after much lobbying.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The market may judge what they may about the ISP, but it is good to
know that from the beginning, the govt used unusually great energy to make sure
they do not succeed because they happened to threaten their favorate baby, TKL.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Now if the ISPs do not add value and only increase cost, the reason?
Your guess is as good as mine.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The rest is history.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Sammy Buruchara<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>CEO - NairobiNet Online<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Apr 25, 2007, at 8:36 AM, John Walubengo wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt' type=cite>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Thanx Alex for your comments on Day 1, for a moment I was<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>bracing myself for a 10 day Online monologue :-(! as<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>opposed to the planned Online dialogue. Incidentally,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>belated Comments on previous days themes shall remain<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>welcome - just click on the correct subject line and make<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>your appropriate contributions...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Anyway back to today's theme- The Question of Internet<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Gateway Operators (IGO, the Wholesalers of Internet<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Bandwidth) vs Internet Service Providers (ISPs, the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Retailers of Internet Bandwidth).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The report recommends that seperation b/w IGO and ISPs be<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>dissolved.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span>This is
because the current structure<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Internet-> IGO -> ISP -> Consumers is considered<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>unnecessarily too long.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Apparently
the ISP as we know them<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>today are not adding significant value - instead they are<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>adding cost to the service and probably degraging the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>quality of the Internet eventually delivered to the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Customers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Cutting down the middle-man (ISPs) may offset the costs and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>while increasing the quality of the internet eventually<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>delivered to the Consumer.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Is
this assumption true? Does<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>allowing IGO to directly deal with Consumer result in<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>cheaper Internet Services while improving on the quality of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>the internet?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>1 day on this theme, at the least, I do hope to get some<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>reactions at from any IGOs and ISPs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>walu.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>__________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Do You Yahoo!?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Tired of spam?<span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Yahoo!
Mail has the best spam protection around<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><a href="http://mail.yahoo.com">http://mail.yahoo.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>kictanet mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><a href="mailto:kictanet@kictanet.or.ke">kictanet@kictanet.or.ke</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><a href="http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet">http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Please unsubscribe or change your options at <a
href="http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/sammy%40opensystems.co.ke">http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/sammy%40opensystems.co.ke</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div style='min-height: 14px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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Version: 7.5.463 / Virus Database: 269.6.1/777 - Release Date: 4/26/2007 3:23 PM<BR>
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