<DIV id=RTEContent> <DIV id=RTEContent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.4pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.4pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>The Final Countdown </STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.4pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><STRONG></STRONG></o:p></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG>There seems to be no compromise on either side, deadlock..... The draft ministerial text has just been released. Like everyone else in here I am anxiously scrutinizing the text, wondering if once more the WTO will fail us. For too long the WTO has <SPAN style="COLOR: black">undermined developing countries sovereign rights to pursue development according to their terms and according to what in their judgment is to the greatest benefit of their citizens. The exploitation must stop! In a few short hours we will know the fate of millions of our brothers and sisters plagued by poverty and dying of HIV/AIDS. In a few short hours we will know if there is any future for the WTO</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV></SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><STRONG>in solidarity</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><BR><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><EM><STRONG>Connie</STRONG></EM> <DIV><STRONG><EM></EM></STRONG> </DIV> <DIV> <DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>Constance Georgina Khaendi Walyaro</EM></STRONG></DIV> <DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM></EM></STRONG> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Citron Wood</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>President</STRONG></EM></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM> <DIV>Oxfam International Youth Parliament (OIYP)</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Action Partner </STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV><STRONG><EM> <DIV>UNOY Peacebuilders</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Affiliate</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Global Youth Coalition on HIV/AIDS</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>East Africa Focal Point</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG></STRONG></EM> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>XVI International AIDS Conference</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Scientific Programme Committee Member: Track A </STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>National WSIS Subcommittee</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Youth Representative</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>WSIS Youth Caucus RYNICs (Kenya)</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>National Campaign Coordinator</EM></STRONG></DIV> <DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://flagspot.net/images/k/ke.gif" target=_blank><EM><STRONG><FONT color=#000000><IMG style="WIDTH: 150px; HEIGHT: 43px" height=217 alt="[Flag of Kenya]" src="http://flagspot.net/images/k/ke.gif" width=325 border=0 NOSAVE></FONT></STRONG></EM></A></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG></STRONG></EM> </DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>'youth building a peaceful, equitable and sustainable world' OIYP</EM></STRONG>.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> </DIV></DIV></DIV></SPAN></SPAN><BR><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B><I>14th December constance georgina <constancegeorgina@yahoo.co.uk></I></B> wrote:</FONT></FONT></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><STRONG>WTO MC6: Whose Trade Organization? <o:p></o:p></STRONG></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">When WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy addressed us yesterday at the Inaugural Session of the </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt">WTO Sixth Ministerial Conference</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">, he said he was impressed with the outstanding work Hong Kong had done to prepare for the conference. "The facilities, the logistics and most importantly, the hospitality have been quite extraordinary," he said. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">He noted reaching agreement in the WTO is difficult because it is a bottom-up process. "It takes more time, it is more burdensome and cumbersome, but I am convinced it remains the best way to take decisions that impact directly the lives of billions of people."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Difficult as this process may be, he said, "even immensely difficult decisions can be taken in the WTO. What is needed are negotiators that are bold, open-minded and prepared to take some risks."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Hong Kong offered to host this conference because the Government recognized that it would become a key staging post to the successful conclusion of the multilateral trade negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda - and it wanted to play its part in the collective effort to realize the round's ambitions. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">This week we are at a historic juncture, a once-in-a-generation opportunity to alleviate the suffering and pain of poverty and HIV/AIDS for millions of people across the globe. Our actions here; our responses to the challenges confronting our
societies will have strong bearing on the very survival and sustainability of mankind. Make Trade Fair! <o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">See the<SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <A href="http://webcast.info.gov.hk/pc2005/131205e.ram"><FONT color=#808080>Video</FONT></A></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV><o:p></o:p></SPAN> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A href="http://www.maketradefair.com/">www.maketradefair.com</A> <A
href="http://www.wto.org/">http://www.wto.org/</A> </SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <DIV class=pagetitletext style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt"></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV class=pagetitletext style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt"><A href="http://www.wtomc6.gov.hk/eng/webcasting/webcasting.html"><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext">Live webcasting</SPAN></A>: </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt">View live and archived webcasting (Internet broadcasting) of the
public sessions of the WTO Ministerial Conference from 13 to 18 December 2005. This includes statements from Ministers in the plenary sessions, as well as selected press briefings.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p><STRONG><EM>In solidarity</EM></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></DIV> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </DIV></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="COLOR:
black"><STRONG><EM>Connie</EM></STRONG></DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM></EM></STRONG> </DIV> <DIV> <DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>Constance Georgina Khaendi Walyaro</EM></STRONG></DIV> <DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM></EM></STRONG> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Citron Wood</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>President</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM> <DIV>Oxfam International Youth Parliament (OIYP)</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Action Partner </STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV><STRONG><EM> <DIV>UNOY Peacebuilders</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Affiliate</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Global Youth Coalition on HIV/AIDS</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>East Africa Focal Point</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG></STRONG></EM> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>XVI International AIDS Conference</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Scientific Programme Committee Member: Track A
</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>National WSIS Subcommittee</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>Youth Representative</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG>WSIS Youth Caucus RYNICs (Kenya)</STRONG></EM></DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>National Campaign Coordinator</EM></STRONG></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><A href="http://flagspot.net/images/k/ke.gif" target=_blank><EM><STRONG><FONT color=#000000><IMG style="WIDTH: 150px; HEIGHT: 43px" height=217 alt="[Flag of Kenya]" src="http://flagspot.net/images/k/ke.gif" width=325 border=0 NOSAVE></FONT></STRONG></EM></A></DIV> <DIV><EM><STRONG></STRONG></EM> </DIV> <DIV><STRONG><EM>'youth building a peaceful, equitable and sustainable world' OIYP</EM></STRONG>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV></SPAN></SPAN> <DIV> <HR SIZE=1> Yahoo! Shopping<BR>Find Great Deals on Holiday Gifts at <A
href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/mail_us/footer/shopping/*http://shopping.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTE2bzVzaHJtBF9TAzk1OTQ5NjM2BHNlYwNtYWlsdGFnBHNsawNob2xpZGF5LTA1">Yahoo! Shopping</A> <DIV> <HR SIZE=1> Yahoo! Shopping<BR>Find Great Deals on Holiday Gifts at <A href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/mail_us/footer/shopping/*http://shopping.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTE2bzVzaHJtBF9TAzk1OTQ5NjM2BHNlYwNtYWlsdGFnBHNsawNob2xpZGF5LTA1">Yahoo! Shopping</A> </DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE> <DIV><BR></DIV></DIV><BR><BR><B><I>James Nguo <james@alin.or.ke></I></B> wrote: <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">Does anyone have the e-mail address, telephone number for Consumer<BR>Information Network, Mr. Ochieng??<BR><BR>James Nguo<BR>Regional Director<BR><BR>Arid Lands Information Network-Eastern Africa (ALIN-EA),<BR>P.O. Box 10098, 00100 G.P.O. Nairobi, Kenya, <BR>AAYMCA Building, Along State House Crescent, Off State House Avenue. <BR>Tel +254 20
2731557 <BR>Telefax +254 20 2737813 <BR>Cell Phone +254 -722-561006<BR>Email: james@alin.or.ke<BR>Website: www.alin.or.ke <BR>------------------------------------------------------------- <BR>Enriched livelihoods of the people in arid areas of Eastern Africa through<BR>targeted information support and facilitation of information exchange<BR><BR><BR><BR>-----Original Message-----<BR>From: alice@apc.org [mailto:alice@apc.org]<BR>Sent: 24 November 2005 10:21<BR>To: KIPlist; Kenya ICT Policy - kictanet<BR>Subject: [Kictanet] Fw: [governance] Assessment of WSIS Outcomes for<BR>Internet Governance<BR><BR><BR>This analysis is currently available at www.IP3.gatech.edu .<BR><BR>It should soon be available at www.InternetGovernance.org<BR><BR><BR>November 23, 2005<BR><BR>An Assessment of the WSIS-2/Tunis '05 Outcomes<BR><BR>The outcomes of the Tunis World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)<BR>are significant -- and rather surprising. ICANN emerges from the summit<BR>both unchanged and
significantly different. After WSIS it has a stronger<BR>claim to legitimacy.<BR><BR>ICANN emerged unchanged, in that its institutional structures - most<BR>notably its mechanisms for political oversight - were not amended. ICANN<BR>continues to operate under the formal authority of a single government, the<BR>US. Such a unilateral globalization model is a novel arrangement, quite<BR>unlike what is used in other global sectors (e.g. telephony or<BR>communication satellites.) The US continues to exercise a kind of<BR>unipolar authority it does not have in physical space.<BR><BR>But ICANN also emerges from WSIS radically different: it is now endowed<BR>with a greater degree of legitimacy. Over a period of four years the UN<BR>family of nations intensely scrutinized ICANN, Internet governance, and<BR>unilateral US oversight, and they came to a decision: they declined to<BR>change ICANN's structures. Whereas US control was previously the product<BR>of a unilateral assertion, it is now
the outcome of a lengthy process of<BR>scrutiny by all nations.<BR><BR>Thus ICANN's greatest weakeness - its lack of legitimacy and its related<BR>lack of support from governments around the world - is less after<BR>WSIS. From now on, governments that criticize ICANN are criticizing an<BR>arrangement that they themselves reviewed and left unchanged.<BR><BR>The WSIS decision cannot really be called an endorsement of ICANN. The<BR>text nowhere mentions ICANN by name, and there is no real declaration of<BR>support. Still, the UN has decided not to act against the organization,<BR>and this collective inaction is the final word after years of debate.<BR><BR>The Internet Governance Forum<BR>Another important WSIS outcome is the launch of the Internet Governance<BR>Forum (IGF). Two features characterize the IGF. First, it is a<BR>multi-stakeholder forum. Although a creation of the UN, the forum<BR>membership will include more than just UN member states; participating<BR>equally will be
entities from the private sector and from civil<BR>society. Second, the forum has no concrete power. It is an advisory<BR>body. Its member will discuss and formulate collective recommendations,<BR>but those recommendations will not carry the weight of policy.<BR><BR>Still, the forum could become powerful. A forum is a prerequisite for<BR>collective action at the global level, making possible communication,<BR>interest aggregation, bargaining, and decision. WSIS was itself a forum,<BR>and it made possible certain collective decisions of great political<BR>import. (For more on the functionality of forums see the article<BR>"Understanding WSIS" in the journal Information Technology and<BR>International Development.) If the new forum makes continued collective<BR>decision-making possible, it could be a powerful entity. Its<BR>recommendations could be formalized by national governments.<BR><BR>Still one might ask, what is new about this forum? ICANN already has<BR>advisory committees for
governments and for civil society members, and the<BR>private sector controls its board outright. Why create another mechanism<BR>for formulating advice? The answer is that this new forum will primarily<BR>have a policy focus. Whereas ICANN's bodies ostensibly focus on technical<BR>coordination, the IGF will focus on all issues of Internet governance.<BR><BR>This dual arrangement formalizes the questionable division of Internet<BR>governance into two domains: ICANN's domain of technical coordination and<BR>the IGF's domain of public policy. It risks validating the inaccurate<BR>claim that ICANN is a purely technical body without policy-making content.<BR><BR>Implications: ICANN and IGF<BR>In an earlier analysis entitled "ICANN Reform: Establishing the Rule of<BR>Law" I argued that ICANN needed a legislative mandate. It now has some of<BR>that. The Tunis documents are a major step in that direction.<BR><BR>The locus of policy making will now shift. Fundamental disputes
about<BR>ICANN's structures of policy-making have been settled (at least for<BR>now.) The next step is to work within those structures.<BR><BR>WSIS defined two forums for policy making: ICANN, for matters of technical<BR>coordination, and the IGF, for everything else. In the short term, most<BR>Internet governance activity will switch to ICANN, where debates will occur<BR>within the ICANN structures. They will focus more on substantive issues<BR>relating to technical coordination.<BR><BR>Of particular note is ICANN's Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC). The<BR>GAC is the forum where governments have the opportunity to look in on ICANN<BR>decision-making and offer their advice. It will likely become a much more<BR>important body - perhaps the most important body - in ICANN. At WSIS<BR>governments made it clear that they want a greater voice in ICANN<BR>decisions, and the GAC will be the vehicle for that. Thanks to WSIS<BR>governments now know a lot more about ICANN issues, so their
participation<BR>should be more informed and effective.<BR><BR>Civil society does not have a strong base within ICANN. The Non-Commercial<BR>Users Constituency (NCUC) operates at a disadvantage vis-�-vis the multiple<BR>commercial constituencies. Even weaker is ICANN's At Large Advisory<BR>Committee (ALAC), which is a pale shadow of the earlier user representation<BR>on the board. Ever since business and technical interests eliminated<BR>elections, civil society participation has been constrained. Outside of<BR>ICANN, the Internet Society (ISOC) is not a reliable home for civil<BR>society. Since 2002 business interests control ISOC by virtue of having<BR>rewritten its bylaws in a manner similar to ICANN. ISOC, however, still<BR>claims to be a civil society organization. What user organizations are in<BR>ALAC are mostly sub-units of ISOC. In summary, the situation for civil<BR>society in the post-WSIS ICANN is a major source of concern.<BR><BR>A top priority for civil society should
be reforming ALAC. With ICANN<BR>confirmed as the one operational institution for global Internet<BR>governance, civil society should develop a more effective voice<BR>there. Investing in ALAC and NCUC is one way to achieve that.<BR><BR>The second forum emerging from WSIS is the Internet Governance Forum. The<BR>IGF can be thought of as a continuation of the WSIS, since it provides a<BR>place for multistakeholder discussion of a very large number of<BR>issues. The key question here is whether governments embrace it. With GAC<BR>already established and offering a rich agenda, some governments may<BR>question the utility of a second advisory forum. Industry interests are<BR>likely to be cool to the IGF, since they have so much more influence in<BR>ICANN. Civil society, with its weak base in ICANN, may have the most at<BR>stake in the IGF, but they may not be able to make it succeed without the<BR>commitment of those other stakeholders.<BR><BR><BR>Conclusion<BR>Before WSIS ICANN was a
sort of Frankenstein organization created in the<BR>basement of the US Department of Commerce. No formal delegation of<BR>authority from the US Congress authorized its exercise of public<BR>powers. Nor did its global elections give it legitimacy, since they were<BR>canceled before full implementation.<BR><BR>Now ICANN can claim some degree of public authority. Many people may<BR>regret the UN's implicit endorsement of ICANN, but no one can easily<BR>dismiss the validity of the process. ICANN is the same but different. The<BR>next step in the policy process will be to work within its structures.<BR><BR>There is one additional possibility, not mentioned above, that looms over<BR>Internet governance: technology re-design. With WSIS leaving ICANN in<BR>place, those dissatisfied with ICANN are likely to move away from a<BR>political strategy. Instead, they may see more promise in trying to<BR>eliminate the single root. One example in this trend is the Open Root<BR>Server Network
(orsn.org), which is creating a parallel network of servers<BR>that are autonomous of ICANN. With such innovations in place, the power in<BR>controlling the authoritative root server is reduced. In the near future,<BR>it will be interesting to see how many groups propose technical innovations<BR>that effectively decentralize the root.<BR><BR>References<BR>WSIS Decision: "Tunis Agenda for the Information Society," 15 November<BR>2005, WSIS-05/TUNIS/DOC/6(Rev.1)-E<BR><BR>"Understanding WSIS: An Institutional Analysis of the World Summit on the<BR>Information Society," Information Technology and International Development,<BR>published by MIT Press, 2005.<BR><BR>"ICANN Reform: Establishing the Rule of Law," web published analysis.<BR><BR>Articles can be found at www.InternetGovernance.org and www.IP3.gatech.edu.<BR><BR><BR>Author is Hans Klein, Associate Professor of Public Policy at Georgia<BR>Institute of Technology and Partner in the Internet Governance<BR>Project. The paper
benefited from comments by Milton Mueller.<BR><BR>###<BR><BR><BR><BR>----------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>----<BR><BR><BR>> _______________________________________________<BR>> governance mailing list<BR>> governance@lists.cpsr.org<BR>> https://ssl.cpsr.org/mailman/listinfo/governance<BR>> <BR><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>kictanet mailing list<BR>kictanet@kictanet.or.ke<BR>http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet<BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>kictanet mailing list<BR>kictanet@kictanet.or.ke<BR>http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet<BR><BR>Please unsubscribe or change your options at http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/constancegeorgina%40yahoo.co.uk<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></DIV><p>
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