[kictanet] KICTANet Digest, Vol 170, Issue 29

Adrian Teri adriateri at gmail.com
Wed Apr 13 23:56:46 EAT 2022


Good day Ali,

You stated M-Pesa is a bank but I digress. Let's wait and see what tomorrow
brings on the fuel crisis with GOK having outstanding payments of KES
~14.5B to OMCs and most likely sharp price increases from the scrap of the
subsidy all together.

On a light note - Mpesa doesn't need a banking license. It's already a
> bank! whether they admit it or not. There is an English saying that goes -
> If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it is likely that it
> is a duck! 😅
>

Regards,
Adrian Teri


    ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Ali Hussein <ali at hussein.me.ke>
> To: Adrian Teri <adriateri at gmail.com>
> Cc: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
> Bcc:
> Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 14:44:32 +0300
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] KICTANet Digest, Vol 170, Issue 24
> Adrian
>
> I'm going to try and see if I can explain a few things for you and others
> that may think that Mpesa is some magical thingi and the greatest Houdini
> in the financial world. 😅
>
> *1. Adrian:* It might quack like a duck but the holy grail is the ability
> to create currency out of thin air via lending. m-pesa is a mobile money
> service. In addition, why do they need CBA which became NCBA for m-shwari
> (A deposits and loan facility)? Also with KCB and the former for Fuliza(An
> overdraft facility)? Lastly, why does #Saf operate under a special license
> from the CBK, unlike the rest who have banking sector charters?
>
> *Answer:* Whatever money you have in your Mpesa account is
> mirrored accurately in some custodial accounts in a bank (in this case KCB
> and NCBA). Mpesa is a bank in as much as the tech powers mobile money and
> mobile banking for banks. However, it is NOT A BANK in the traditional
> manner therefore it CAN NOT lend money or accept deposits hence the
> partnership with NCBA (for Mshwari) and KCB (for KCB Mpesa). Borrowing and
> lending are a function of a bank whose regulator in Kenya is the Central
> Bank of Kenya. Mpesa on the other hand has a PSP (Payment Service
> Provider)  <http://goog_1756310681>License.
> <https://www.centralbank.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Payment-Service-Providers-Authorization-checklist.pdf>
> from the CBK.
>
> 2. Adrian: The surprise is how this moat has been built under the noses of
> traditional banks. The unbanked will be now banked and I don't see a reason
> for the CBK to refuse such a proposition for financial inclusion and better
> visibility of what is commonly phrased as "Kenya's hidden economy".
>
> *Answer: *You are absolutely correct in this observation. Banks across
> Africa have been caught napping. The Mobile Money space, however, is
> entering dangerous ground from the face of it. Mpesa now has a 99.5% market
> share of the market. On the face of it. If you dig deeper, however, you
> will find that despite Mpesa's phenomenal success, cash is still king in
> Kenya.
> <https://www.the-star.co.ke/business/kenya/2019-08-19-cash-payment-still-king-despite-digital-money-growth--survey/> So
> instead of competitors complaining let them go and convert the remaining
> customers into Mobile Money users.
>
> 3. Developments I have seen today across the continent  - *https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/south-african-telco-mtn-gets-approval-to-open-a-bank-in-nigeria-3779704
> <https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/south-african-telco-mtn-gets-approval-to-open-a-bank-in-nigeria-3779704>*
>
> *Answer*: True. In Nigeria however, they took the India Model. The
> Payment Service Banks are not true banks. They are just glorified, Mobile
> Money Operators. :-) See below:-
>
> MTN granted a PSB License by the Central Bank of Nigeria
> <https://www.linkedin.com/posts/alihkassim_mpesa-momo-mpesa-activity-6919287890585800704-dpHT?utm_source=linkedin_share&utm_medium=member_desktop_web>
>
>
>
> *Ali Hussein*
>
> Fintech | Digital Transformation
>
>
> Tel: +254 713 601113
>
> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>
> Skype: abu-jomo
>
> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
> <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
>
>
>
>
> Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely
> mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
> organizations that I work with.
>
>
> On Tue, Apr 12, 2022 at 11:14 PM Adrian Teri <adriateri at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Good day Ali,
>>
>> Surprised you haven't watched this piece by #KTNNews.
>>
>> *https://youtu.be/5nG2Dq_GuFE <https://youtu.be/5nG2Dq_GuFE>*
>>
>> It might quack like a duck but the holy grail is the ability to create
>> currency out of thin air via lending. m-pesa is a mobile money service. In
>> addition, why do they need CBA which became NCBA for m-shwari(A deposits
>> and loan facility)? Also with KCB and the former for Fuliza(An overdraft
>> facility)? Lastly, why does #Saf operate under a special licence from the
>> CBK unlike the rest who have banking sector charters?
>>
>> The surprise is how this moat has been built under the noses of
>> traditional banks. The unbanked will be now banked and I don't see a reason
>> for the CBK to refuse such a proposition for financial inclusion and better
>> visibility to what is commonly phrased as "Kenya's hidden economy".
>>
>> Developments I have seen today across the continent  - *https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/south-african-telco-mtn-gets-approval-to-open-a-bank-in-nigeria-3779704
>> <https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/south-african-telco-mtn-gets-approval-to-open-a-bank-in-nigeria-3779704>*
>>
>> I have been saying the following 3 things for some time though in shorter
>> prose and pple don't seem to get them*. *Each can span a hearty
>> afternoon's conversation ...
>>
>> *"Gov'ts, especially federal/national ones, don't need taxes to fund
>> spending. In fact, spending comes first then taxes are coerced and
>> collected later! Paper notes are burnt and coins restamped!"*
>>
>>
>> *                                           &&*
>>
>> *"Banks don't lend deposits, It's reserves! *They need them to balance
>> their books & comply with the law! The Money Multiplier myth is moot as
>> loans create deposits.The conversation delves much deeper but The sole &
>> meaningful issuer of currency is the gov't and its designated
>> agents(Central Banks) who create money when they spend. They are a literal
>> monopoly of a nation's currency!*"*
>>
>> *                                           &&*
>>
>> *"The gov't is neither a private company, household nor an individual.
>> Stop dumbing down economic discussions with such analogies/examples!"*
>>
>>
>> Regards,
>> Adrian Teri
>>
>>
>> On Tue, 12 Apr 2022 at 15:59, <kictanet-request at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Send KICTANet mailing list submissions to
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>>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>>> than "Re: Contents of KICTANet digest..."
>>> Today's Topics:
>>>
>>>    1. Re: KICTANet Digest, Vol 170, Issue 17 (Ali Hussein)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>> From: Ali Hussein <ali at hussein.me.ke>
>>> To: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>> Cc: Adrian Teri <adriateri at gmail.com>
>>> Bcc:
>>> Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 15:57:34 +0300
>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] KICTANet Digest, Vol 170, Issue 17
>>> Adrian
>>>
>>> Just curious about your statement below:-
>>>
>>> *"...but It's apparent even from MJ's interview with #KTNNews that
>>> m-pesa is seeking to transition to be a fully-fledged bank."* end
>>> quote.
>>>
>>>  Could you kindly give us some more information on this? Where did you
>>> get this idea from? And if you have it, could you share MJ's clip on this
>>> particular subject?
>>>
>>> My understanding about banking licensing is that you don't start
>>> collecting customer information before you are authorized to do so.
>>> Generally, prudential guidelines are very strict on this.
>>>
>>> On a light note - Mpesa doesn't need a banking license. It's already a
>>> bank! whether they admit it or not. There is an English saying that goes -
>>> If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it is likely that
>>> it is a duck! 😅
>>>
>>>
>>> *Ali Hussein*
>>>
>>> Fintech | Digital Transformation
>>>
>>>
>>> Tel: +254 713 601113
>>>
>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>>>
>>> Skype: abu-jomo
>>>
>>> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
>>> <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely
>>> mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
>>> organizations that I work with.
>>>
>>>
>>> On Tue, Apr 12, 2022 at 3:29 PM Adrian Teri via KICTANet <
>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Seems like #Saf suffers from the same ailments like GOK in
>>>> communicating effectively? Or were they taking advantage of the situation
>>>> as citizens fear gov't? The Chief of Risk Management & Security at #Saf
>>>> points to enhancing security but It's apparent even from MJ's interview
>>>> with #KTNNews that m-pesa is seeking to transition to be a fully fledged
>>>> bank.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/videos/sim-card-registration-why-safaricom-is-taking-your-photos-3778858
>>>>
>>>> Regards,
>>>> Adrian Teri
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>>> From: Adrian Teri <adriateri at gmail.com>
>>>>> To: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>>> Cc:
>>>>> Bcc:
>>>>> Date: Sun, 10 Apr 2022 13:07:04 +0300
>>>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] KICTANet Digest, Vol 170, Issue 11
>>>>> Good day all,
>>>>>
>>>>> There is something remiss and I see it unravelling rather quickly and
>>>>> badly. The CA is a gov't commission, essentially a creature of GoK. What's
>>>>> the purpose of Huduma namba while one still pays a facilitation fee of
>>>>> 1,050/= for numerous services in ecitizen only for them to collect the same
>>>>> data they did for the mass registration of huduma namba(fingerprints, photo
>>>>> and I even think an e signature was part of it too)? A Déjà vu to the
>>>>> Huduma Namba exercise where the gov't was simply unable to communicate that
>>>>> were upgrading our IDs from biographic to biometrics?
>>>>>
>>>>> Why waste productive capacity and man hours to duplicate data multiple
>>>>> times? Are your fingerprints & birth certificate changing? And even in
>>>>> aspects that do like your area of residence, contact details, marital
>>>>> status, assets etc. if there are 2 or more institutions requiring such info
>>>>> will you continue to trudge across all of them to update your details?
>>>>>
>>>>> I do believe the CA has technical people and in IT we know you can
>>>>> design an IDP or SSO-like system where you centralize(Just like the Huduma
>>>>> namba's aka "single source of truth") storage and management of your user's
>>>>> digital identities. In this analogy it would be a gov't institution/corp
>>>>> asserting you are who you claim to be(authentication).
>>>>>
>>>>> Regards,
>>>>> Adrian Teri
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>>>> From: Mwendwa Kivuva <Kivuva at transworldafrica.com>
>>>>>> To: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>>>> Cc:
>>>>>> Bcc:
>>>>>> Date: Fri, 8 Apr 2022 21:07:03 +0300
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] SIM CARD REGISTRATION & DATA PROTECTION ACT,
>>>>>> 2019
>>>>>> On Fri, 8 Apr 2022, 19:20 Mutindi Muema via KICTANet, <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Gobsmaked in deed 💯
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The CA has finally stated today that kica SIM registration regs does
>>>>>>> not require photo of subscriber to be taken
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Full interview on Youtube here https://youtu.be/-SpW2rFhYxQ
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Meaning then if you ever registered, you will not need to
>>>>>> re-register. Because  photograph was the only missing link that was never
>>>>>> taken in previous initial registration
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>>>> From: Kathy Mwai <kathymwai at gmail.com>
>>>>>> To: "Kenya's premier ICT Policy engagement platform" <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>>>> Cc:
>>>>>> Bcc:
>>>>>> Date: Fri, 8 Apr 2022 21:47:46 +0300
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [kictanet] SIM CARD REGISTRATION & DATA PROTECTION ACT,
>>>>>> 2019
>>>>>> @Mwendwa, apparently there's an electronic signature as well. I
>>>>>> called Safaricom earlier this is what they told me: They will scan the ID,
>>>>>> take a passport photo, and electronic signature 🤔
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Fri, 8 Apr 2022 at 21:08, Mwendwa Kivuva via KICTANet <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, 8 Apr 2022, 19:20 Mutindi Muema via KICTANet, <
>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Gobsmaked in deed 💯
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The CA has finally stated today that kica SIM registration regs
>>>>>>>> does not require photo of subscriber to be taken
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Full interview on Youtube here https://youtu.be/-SpW2rFhYxQ
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Meaning then if you ever registered, you will not need to
>>>>>>> re-register. Because  photograph was the only missing link that was never
>>>>>>> taken in previous initial registration
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/kathymwai%40gmail.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> --
>>>>>> *Dream and Your Dreams Will Fall Short <kathymwai at gmail.com>...*
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> “The Communications Authority did not order the telecommunications
>>>>>> companies to register all SIM card holders afresh,” Chiloba exclusively
>>>>>> told *The Standard.*
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> *Chiloba said the telecommunications companies that asked all Kenyans
>>>>>> to re-register their lines, were “overzealous”, saying: “That’s not what we
>>>>>> asked them to do.”*
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> *The Director-General says the mobile service providers opted for a
>>>>>> knee-jerk reaction after CA demanded that all the service providers must
>>>>>> provide updated lists of all their registered customers by April 15, 2022.*
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sat, Apr 9, 2022 at 12:19 AM Gachungi, Lydia via KICTANet <
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Good people, so what is the current position?. Asking from Addis and
>>>>>>> wondering since my sim card was already registered and when I dial *106# it
>>>>>>> verifies I am registered, do I need to re-register?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Kind regards
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Lydia
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> *From:* KICTANet <kictanet-bounces+l.gachungi=
>>>>>>> unesco.org at lists.kictanet.or.ke> *On Behalf Of *Mwendwa Kivuva via
>>>>>>> KICTANet
>>>>>>> *Sent:* 08 April 2022 21:07
>>>>>>> *To:* Gachungi, Lydia <l.gachungi at unesco.org>
>>>>>>> *Cc:* Mwendwa Kivuva <Kivuva at transworldafrica.com>
>>>>>>> *Subject:* Re: [kictanet] SIM CARD REGISTRATION & DATA PROTECTION
>>>>>>> ACT, 2019
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> CAUTION: This email is external from UNESCO. Please be vigilant on
>>>>>>> its sender and content. ATTENTION : Cet e-mail est externe à
>>>>>>> l'UNESCO. Soyez vigilant sur son expéditeur et contenu.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, 8 Apr 2022, 19:20 Mutindi Muema via KICTANet, <
>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Gobsmaked in deed 💯
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The CA has finally stated today that kica SIM registration regs does
>>>>>>> not require photo of subscriber to be taken
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Full interview on Youtube here https://youtu.be/-SpW2rFhYxQ
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Meaning then if you ever registered, you will not need to
>>>>>>> re-register. Because  photograph was the only missing link that was never
>>>>>>> taken in previous initial registration
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ggithaiga%40kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> --
>>>>>> Grace Githaiga
>>>>>> KICTANet Convenor
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KICTANet portals
>>>>>> KICTANet.or.ke <https://kictanet.or.ke/> | Twitter
>>>>>> <https://twitter.com/kictanet> | LinkedIn
>>>>>> <https://www.linkedin.com/company/18428106/admin/> | Facebook
>>>>>> <https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/josiah.mugambi%40gmail.com
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and
>>>>>> institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet
>>>>>> is a catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology
>>>>>> sector. Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity
>>>>>> Building, Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>> Josiah Mugambi
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> KICTANet mailing list
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>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>
>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%40alyhussein.com
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> KICTANet is a multi-stakeholder Think Tank for people and institutions
>>>> interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. KICTANet is a
>>>> catalyst for reform in the Information and Communication Technology sector.
>>>> Its work is guided by four pillars of Policy Advocacy, Capacity Building,
>>>> Research, and Stakeholder Engagement.
>>>>
>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>
>>>> KICTANet - The Power of Communities, is Kenya's premier ICT policy
>>>> engagement platform.
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> KICTANet mailing list
>>> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
> KICTANet mailing list
> KICTANet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
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