[kictanet] DIGITAL HAILING TRANSPORT REGULATIONS

Sat Feb 8 09:39:21 EAT 2020

What framework has been suggested to regulate carpooling?

On Saturday, February 8, 2020, John Kieti via kictanet <
kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:

> Hi Listers,
>
> What is the urgency necessitating these regulations? Which aspects of
> society or the economy will benefit from the regulations? And what are
> these benefits?
>
> Pardon me if am missing the basics.
>
> Kind regards.
>
>
> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020, 11:22 PM Liz Orembo via kictanet <
> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>
>> @Samuel, I'm not sure,  but check the National Traffic Act.
>>
>> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020, 12:51 Bill Dian via kictanet <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>>> Currently attending the public participation.It is crystal clear that
>>> NTSA  doesn't know that hailing service operators are Data controllers and
>>> Processors and must get authorization from the Data Commissioner.The whole
>>> document is a mess!
>>>
>>> On Fri, 7 Feb 2020 11:17 AM Barrack Otieno via kictanet, <
>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Well said Daktari, i am in agreement.
>>>>
>>>> Regards
>>>>
>>>> On Fri, 7 Feb 2020, 10:16 am Bitange Ndemo via kictanet, <
>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> NTSA must adhere to the Data Protection Act. They cannot create new
>>>>> regulations that are outside their purview.
>>>>>
>>>>> Ndemo.
>>>>>
>>>>> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020 at 10:05 AM Ali Hussein via kictanet <
>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks Liz.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Regards
>>>>>>
>>>>>> *Ali Hussein*
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Tel: +254 713 601113
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Skype: abu-jomo
>>>>>>
>>>>>> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
>>>>>> <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are
>>>>>> purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
>>>>>> organizations that I work with.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020 at 9:35 AM Liz Orembo <lizorembo at gmail.com>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Public participation will be held at the KICC from 10am.  Please
>>>>>>> fell free to join.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Deadline for submission is 17th Feb.  KICTANet is keen on submitting
>>>>>>> it's views on the regulations.  So  we will have a two days discussion on
>>>>>>> the list from Monday moderated by Mwara and I.  Structure of the
>>>>>>> discussions will be communicated later today.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Asanteni.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020, 09:30 Ali Hussein via kictanet <
>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Hezron
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I doubt that this was announced.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> @Orembo, Liz <lizorembo at kictanet.or.ke> please guide us as to the
>>>>>>>> next steps?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Regards
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> *Ali Hussein*
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Tel: +254 713 601113
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Twitter: @AliHKassim
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Skype: abu-jomo
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim
>>>>>>>> <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are
>>>>>>>> purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the
>>>>>>>> organizations that I work with.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Fri, Feb 7, 2020 at 8:12 AM Hezron Gikanga via kictanet <
>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Where is the Stakeholder/Public participation Forum being held?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hez Gikang’a
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *From: *kictanet <kictanet-bounces+hezron.gikanga=
>>>>>>>>> thearcrayon.com at lists.kictanet.or.ke> on behalf of Fauza Gila via
>>>>>>>>> kictanet <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>>>>>>> *Reply-To: *KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
>>>>>>>>> *Date: *Wednesday, 5 February 2020 at 11:01
>>>>>>>>> *To: *<Hezron.Gikanga at thearcrayon.com>
>>>>>>>>> *Cc: *Fauza Gila <fauzagila at gmail.com>
>>>>>>>>> *Subject: *Re: [kictanet] DIGITAL HAILING TRANSPORT REGULATIONS
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Am closely following on this.
>>>>>>>>> On Wednesday, February 5, 2020, Liz Orembo via kictanet <
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Thanks Ali.  Let's see how we can organise one in the afternoon or
>>>>>>>>> tomorrow morning.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> @Malcom,  you raised very important points. My thoughts are that
>>>>>>>>> these laws seem to provide a framework through which NTSA can regulate the
>>>>>>>>> industry and address some of the issues that have been raised over time.
>>>>>>>>> Like assisted crime,  data protection, rogue driving etc.  But the question
>>>>>>>>> is,  does it provide the right frameworks.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Being an information service,  how will this impact in other
>>>>>>>>> industries, given that there's a likelihood of replication?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Wed, Feb 5, 2020, 09:42 Malcolm Kijirah via kictanet <
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I'd be interested in participating and also hearing views on this.
>>>>>>>>> There are a number of matters of interest here to me on reviewing them eg
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> - are they creating employment like obligations and people's views
>>>>>>>>> on this
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> - are some of the obligations are unnecessarily bureaucratic eg
>>>>>>>>> the visible markings..will the drivers all be required to have multiple
>>>>>>>>> markings for each company on their car and as I understand there is a
>>>>>>>>> branding fee from the county govts?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> - jurisdictional issues given they are Information society
>>>>>>>>> services
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> - is this a way to ensure the govt can now impose/assess certain
>>>>>>>>> taxation obligations
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> - will this effectively change their business model in kenya to
>>>>>>>>> the point it affects the industry negatively?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Wed, Feb 5, 2020 at 9:02 AM Liz Orembo via kictanet <
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Greetings listers,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> NTSA has developed regulations for the the digital transport
>>>>>>>>> industry (the likes of ubber, taxify etc)
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The proposed regulations include: requiring the digital hailing
>>>>>>>>> companies to have a comprehensive data protection terms for their users,
>>>>>>>>> the drivers and the company will also have to register with NTSA as digital
>>>>>>>>> hailing operators, and it will also require the companies to give data to
>>>>>>>>> NTSA upon request.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Attached is the proposed bill which is up for public participation
>>>>>>>>> this Friday. Let us know your thoughts on this.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Best regards.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Liz.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> PGP ID: 0x1F3488BF
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/
>>>>>>>>> mkijirah%40strathmore.edu
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> [image: Image removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *Malcolm Kijirah*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *Project Consultant*
>>>>>>>>> *SLS-Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Technology
>>>>>>>>> Law*
>>>>>>>>> *Email*: mkijirah at strathmore.edu <bmurithi at strathmore.edu>* |
>>>>>>>>> Office Tel: *+254 (0) 703 034612 *Ext:* 2612 |Tel: +254 (0)
>>>>>>>>> 724622619
>>>>>>>>> www.cipit.org <http://www.strathmore.edu>
>>>>>>>>> www.strathmore.edu
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> [image: Image removed by sender.] <http://www.twitter.com/StrathU>[image:
>>>>>>>>> Image removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>> <https://www.facebook.com/StrathmoreUniversity/?ref=hl>[image:
>>>>>>>>> Image removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>> <https://www.youtube.com/user/StrathmoreUniversity>[image: Image
>>>>>>>>> removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>> <https://plus.google.com/110890271788869052448/posts>[image:
>>>>>>>>> Image removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>> <https://www.linkedin.com/edu/strathmore-university-357048>[image:
>>>>>>>>> Image removed by sender.]
>>>>>>>>> <https://www.instagram.com/strathmore.university/>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *Note: *All emails sent from Strathmore University are subject to
>>>>>>>>> Strathmore’s Email Terms & Conditions. Please click here
>>>>>>>>> <http://www.strathmore.edu/en/email-policy> to read the policy.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> "Visit our Facebook
>>>>>>>>> <https://www.facebook.com/StrathmoreUniversity>Page and Twitter
>>>>>>>>> <https://twitter.com/StrathU>Account".
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/
>>>>>>>>> lizorembo%40gmail.com
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *Kind Regards,*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *Faustine Ngila,**Industry 4.0 Journalist,*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *NATION MEDIA GROUP.*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *MOBILE CONTACT: 0719858726*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *OFFICE CONTACT: 0719038426*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing
>>>>>>>>> list kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>>>>>>> mailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/ Unsubscribe or
>>>>>>>>> change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>>>>>>> mailman/options/kictanet/hezron.gikanga%40thearcrayon.com The
>>>>>>>>> Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for
>>>>>>>>> people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>>>>>>>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and
>>>>>>>>> development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/info%
>>>>>>>>> 40alyhussein.com
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>>>>>> mailman/options/kictanet/lizorembo%40gmail.com
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>>>> mailman/options/kictanet/bndemo%40bitangendemo.me
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
>>>>>> behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and
>>>>>> bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect
>>>>>> privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>>
>>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>>> mailman/options/kictanet/otieno.barrack%40gmail.com
>>>>>
>>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
>>>>> platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy
>>>>> and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>>
>>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> kictanet mailing list
>>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>>
>>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>>> mailman/options/kictanet/billdian732%40gmail.com
>>>>
>>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>>
>>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> kictanet mailing list
>>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>>
>>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>>> mailman/options/kictanet/lizorembo%40gmail.com
>>>
>>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>>
>>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>>
>> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/
>> mailman/options/kictanet/jkieti%40gmail.com
>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>

-- 

*Kind Regards,Faustine Ngila,**Industry 4.0 Journalist,*
*NATION MEDIA GROUP.*
*MOBILE CONTACT: 0719858726*
*OFFICE CONTACT: 0719038426*
*Twitter: @faustination*
*Facebook: Faustine Ngila*
*Office email: fmailu at ke.nationmedia.com <fmailu at ke.nationmedia.com> *
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/pipermail/kictanet/attachments/20200208/e16885a8/attachment.htm>