[kictanet] Telcos regulator seeks to monitor WhatsApp

Tue Nov 6 18:53:59 EAT 2018

Patrick:

Your arguments are good and I do respect them, any maybe even Singapore
government is listening to you when thwarting fake news -
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/select-committee-releases-22-proposals-to-combat-fake-news

Bhaves Shah
Founder-CEO
JabJab Group Ltd
+254 707 306639
website - www.jabjabgroup.com
twitter - https://twitter.com/jabjabgroup
facebook - https://www.facebook.com/jabjabgroup/

On Tue, Nov 6, 2018 at 6:42 PM Bhaves Shah <bhaves.shah at jabjabgroup.com>
wrote:

> Patrick:
>
> This is my personal opinion, so when I am referring to your point being
> moot it is my own opinion, however it does not mean that my opinion is the
> only out there, everyone is there contribute. As for answering your
> questions see below:
>
> 1. The scope is social media apps like Facebook, Whatsapp and Telegram
> that have been associated with facilitating crime or chaos due to the way
> they have been designed. Are these apps irreplaceable (e.g. by local
> legally compliant copycats)? Why?
> Firstly, technology is about evolution and these apps have evolved. It is
> not the apps that are creating the content, these are platforms where
> people are free to create the content, however as the apps have become
> large scale the issues related to facilitate crime or chaos has also
> evolved, but in the same manner the ecosystem will also thrive to safeguard
> with new innovations from abuse. The biggest culprits of the abuse is
> always governments itself. There is something called choice, no one has
> imposed these apps on anyone, each individual has a right to use them as
> they deem fit. However, everyone should know the risks, and that comes
> through education not government control.
>
> 2. Do these apps impose a burden on Government when they are abused? Who
> should pay for that burden? Why?
> What burden are your referring to, when national security is at stake,
> there could be case of such instances, however like I have said these apps
> have been abused by the same governments to control the masses within the
> ecosystem. There should be mechanisms or safeguards for abuse, however
> having full control of such apps and denying citizens to use these
> platforms for dissemination of information should not be constrained. Are
> we thriving to become a "police" state where every conversation is looked
> as a threat to governments.
>
> 3. Should they cooperate with Gov to eliminate risks of criminal abuse? If
> not, why not?
> Like any legal requirement if there is a criminal element to the
> dissemination of information, then the burden of proof is for the
> government to furnish the proof for these companies to comply with the law.
> However, just by saying "this is a threat" to a government, that does not
> hold water, the state must prove it's argument, otherwise just as well shut
> the entire ecosystem, and then deal with the masses and the consequences of
> free speech.
>
> 4. When these apps collect data (resource extraction - just like oil/gold
> extraction) should a country be compensated? If not, why not?
> The collection of data happens with every software you use, it is a choice
> a consumer makes for one to use such an app. The better the informed public
> is about the data, the better choices one makes. In my opinion parts of
> GDPR are good for privacy for citizens, and maybe those should be adapted
> locally if done properly, it should not be a copy and paste exercise.
>
> 5. When these apps manipulate people psychologically to promote repeated
> engagement (thereby distracting local human resources from engaging in
> local economic activity or reducing productivity) should they pay for that
> engagement? If not why not? Keep in mind user engagement is a billion
> dollar 21st century resource!
> Like any business everything is being manipulated. Look at consumer goods
> companies that sell their products, there is a form of manipulation going
> on. For example look at the way the food and beverage companies manipulate
> people to believing their products are good for health etc when in actual
> fact they are not good for health. Manipulation of the mind for any product
> or service is the end game for one to be a customer for that particular
> product or service - everyone has a choice to make. Its all about
> education..
>
> 6. Should we mortgage our future by allowing irresponsible apps to use
> advanced psychology to target juveniles and turn them into screen *addicts*
> and *narcissists*?  If yes, how do we gain from that?
> There is no one mortgaging the future, we all know that there are good and
> bad with every product and service, millions of people are being abused
> even by not using these apps, but using physical goods made by consumer
> companies. The issue is that technology revolution, innovation and
> disruption will remain no matter how we look at it, there is nothing going
> to stop that, but like I said everyone needs to play their part in
> educating the people of the good and evil...Controls don't achieve
> anything, it just breeds a behaviour of circumvention especially with the
> younger generation who are growing up in the era of information and
> technology.
>
> I hope my views are accepted, just as a side note, I am not imposing my
> beliefs on anyone, everyone has a right to choose and decide, I believe in
> that freedom of choice, I am of less control, but more education.
>
>
> Bhaves Shah
> Founder-CEO
> JabJab Group Ltd
> +254 707 306639
> website - www.jabjabgroup.com
> twitter - https://twitter.com/jabjabgroup
> facebook - https://www.facebook.com/jabjabgroup/
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 6, 2018 at 6:16 PM Patrick A. M. Maina <pmaina2000 at yahoo.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Thanks for your comment Bhaves,
>>
>> Firstly an argument can't be moot just because you say so hehe (on a
>> light note). You are not addressing the specific points that I have raised:
>> Can you address them so that the refutation is clear and on point?
>>
>> 1. The scope is social media apps like Facebook, Whatsapp and Telegram
>> that have been associated with facilitating crime or chaos due to the way
>> they have been designed. Are these apps irreplaceable (e.g. by local
>> legally compliant copycats)? Why?
>>
>> 2. Do these apps impose a burden on Government when they are abused? Who
>> should pay for that burden? Why?
>>
>> 3. Should they cooperate with Gov to eliminate risks of criminal abuse?
>> If not, why not?
>>
>> 4. When these apps collect data (resource extraction - just like oil/gold
>> extraction) should a country be compensated? If not, why not?
>>
>> 5. When these apps manipulate people psychologically to promote repeated
>> engagement (thereby distracting local human resources from engaging in
>> local economic activity or reducing productivity) should they pay for that
>> engagement? If not why not? Keep in mind user engagement is a billion
>> dollar 21st century resource!
>>
>> 6. Should we mortgage our future by allowing irresponsible apps to use
>> advanced psychology to target juveniles and turn them into screen *addicts*
>> and *narcissists*?  If yes, how do we gain from that?
>>
>> I'd love to read your specific views on each of these points.
>>
>> Brgds,
>> Patrick.
>>
>> On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, 5:44:35 PM GMT+3, Bhaves Shah <
>> bhaves.shah at jabjabgroup.com> wrote:
>>
>>
>> Patrick:
>>
>> Your argument is moot..
>>
>> A very simple analogy when email was introduced and now used by the
>> entire world - are you taxing email platforms..So why hold the same
>> argument for these OTT applications - why pay for services that the
>> government never invented in the first place..
>>
>> The basic premise is that without technology disruption our society will
>> never advance and governments are the worst culprits of such hindrance to
>> society’s advancement in this world..
>>
>> Governments love to control and that fact alone is a motivator to
>> circumvent such an ecosystem..The premise of human advancement is adapting
>> to new revolutions and disruptions..
>>
>> Governments should not hinder progress and when it comes to collecting
>> revenues from so called innovators and disruptors then bring such companies
>> to Kenya to set up base and provide them with incentives and ask them to
>> employ Kenyan citizens etc - drive such an encouragement with finding
>> suitable models for advancement of societies..
>>
>> Taxation is just a cheap way of protectionism - it does not work..It
>> impedes human progress..
>>
>> Cheers!
>> Bhaves
>>
>> On 6 Nov 2018, at 5:18 PM, Patrick A. M. Maina via kictanet <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>> OK I'm back (briefly). Thanks for your points Mr. Okobi,
>>
>> Actually the only difference between "taxes" and "fines" is the
>> definition. Taxes can be based on anything - not just earnings. Example:
>> What is VAT? A tax on consumption! Why should you pay extra tax on
>> consumption after you have already been taxed on income? Does that make
>> sense? Is that not fining or penalizing people for enjoying their *already
>> taxed* money?
>>
>> Another example: why tax food or books? These are essential must-have
>> items. I should not be taxed to eat or educate my kids. Isn't that not a
>> form of "existence tax"? What about tax on sanitary pads? Is that not
>> discriminating against girls (they end up paying more taxes than boys
>> because its a gender-specific essential purchase). Why tax people for
>> keeping clean babies (diaper tax)? Why tax people for going to work (fuel
>> VAT)? etc etc. I'd love to hear your views about the rationality of these
>> taxes.
>>
>> Oh, btw, even the fines one pays in court are a form of
>> compliance/obedience tax. Those who follow the rules pay less taxes (thus
>> encouraging compliance). Anyway, lets not get stuck on definitions but I'd
>> urge you to read some good books on taxation & economics to get a grip of
>> this.
>>
>> Okay, who has said anything about taxing "online services" or "all online
>> services"? That is a strawman argument that diverts attention from the real
>> issue. I am only talking about online apps with high potential for *abuse
>> at scale*, which imposes a heavy cost burden on Governments and/or society
>> (e.g. Facebook, Whatsapp, Telegram etc). These apps (and their problematic
>> architectures) are well known and Governments worldwide are scrambling to
>> find solutions to the problems that they have enabled/amplified by design.
>>
>> Why should Kenyan taxpayers *subsidize* the fixing of costly problems
>> caused/facilitated/amplified by these foreign billion dollar apps who don't
>> contribute their share of taxes locally or accept their share of
>> responsibility? This is a form of reverse taxation where our Government is
>> effectively "paying" taxes to Facebook and Whatsapp!
>>
>> Tobacco analogy might help elucidate the issue: When tax funds are spent
>> on lung cancer treatment for cigarette smokers, isn't that a subsidy paid
>> by taxpayers - including non-smokers, to Tobacco companies? Looks like a
>> no-brainer nowadays but it took a while (and similar debates) for Tobacco
>> companies to accept because it takes decades for lung cancer to form. Many
>> even paid for fake scientific studies to disprove claims that Tobacco
>> smoking is harmful. Very similar to what some notorious data aggregating
>> multinationals have been accused of doing.
>>
>> Glad that you accept that there is indeed a cost burden for Government
>> (and society) from fake news that is amplified by these social media
>> platforms like Facebook and whatsapp. At least we have a common
>> understanding that there is a real problem.
>>
>> Is there data? Yes, the data does exist which directly associates these
>> apps (e.g. Whatsapp & facebook) to crime, addiction, subversion, mob
>> violence and deaths. See my earlier post on this with several links.
>>
>> Why are we so attached to these apps? How many jobs do they create here?
>> How do we benefit from them such that they are not irreplaceable by local
>> clones? Perhaps that is the question that we should be asking.
>>
>> The 21st Century tax innovations that I am proposing may be difficult to
>> grasp because they does not yet exist and require a non-traditional view of
>> how businesses operate (especially those based on the Silicon Valley VC and
>> Data Mining model). But that is where the world is heading.
>>
>> Citizens data is a national product. Should off-shore data aggregation /
>> mining multinationals get it for free? Should they be allowed to
>> manipulate/brainwash us or our children - in order to monetize the ensuing
>> engagement - and then let us bear whatever consequences that ensue
>> downstream? Should they be allowed to facilitate the spread of
>> disinformation by design - even with the risk of causing harm or deaths to
>> innocent victims? Should they impose new/heavier cost burdens on
>> governments. Should they be allowed to facilitate and protect criminals by
>> design?
>>
>>  These are 21st century issues that didn't even exist 10 years ago. They
>> require 21st century thinking and solutions.
>>
>> Cheers & have a great evening!
>> Patrick.
>>
>> On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, 3:47:48 PM GMT+3, Ebele Okobi <
>> ebeleokobi at fb.com> wrote:
>>
>>
>> If your model is not revenue based, then what you are talking about is
>> not a tax, it’s a fine.
>>
>>  I’m curious as to what data you are using to determine that online
>> services are “net negative”? Is this your assessment for Kenya
>> specifically, or is your contention that globally, all online services
>> provide net negative value to the world? There are multiple studies on the
>> economic and social benefit of online services, so I am quite interested in
>> learning of those which substantiate the net negative claim.
>>
>> Also, is this specific to Facebook products, or all online services,
>> including those created by Kenyans?
>>
>> And would this tax regime be a global tax-in other words, should it also
>> apply to Kenyan companies operating globally? For example, for those on
>> this list with Kenyan companies offering online services, should this tax
>> regime apply to them in Kenya? Should, for ex., Uganda apply a similar
>> regime for Kenyan companies offering online services there?
>>
>> In terms of the metrics you propose-Facebook is a public company, as are
>> many companies offering online services. What is the relevance of funds
>> raised in this context? In addition-valuation for a public company is a
>> completely different metric than funds raised-curious as to how this would
>> be made  predictable, given that a good environment for economic growth
>> depends to a great extent on a rationalized policy and regulatory
>> environment?
>>
>> As for the security issues-i have acknowledged previously the challenges
>> and there, and there is excellent opportunity for collective thinking on
>> how to deal with platforms that are a mirror of the divisions and risks in
>> societies (which we are doing!) but nothing recommended below addresses or
>> mitigates  any of those risks. I am mindful that the most violent periods
>> politically in Kenya predated Facebook and WhatsApp, so the notion that
>> these platforms cause violence, or that taxing them would remove security
>> risk is unsupported by any data whatsoever.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Nov 6, 2018, at 12:12 PM, Patrick A. M. Maina <pmaina2000 at yahoo.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Whatsapp is not monetised and does not derive any revenue from anywhere
>> yet (this will change next year). This should have no bearing at all on
>> whether Whatsapp should be taxed or not. It is a billion dollar
>> multinational company operating on a non-traditional business model. This
>> means that it is our tax regulations which need to be *modernized* to rope
>> in 21st century global business models that add a local cost burden on the
>> government (e.g. increasing costs of security, turning kids into
>> narcissistic screen zombies - with resulting impact on learning and metal
>> health etc) yet do not contribute to the local kitty - which is unfair
>> considering that they are *billion dollar* companies.
>>
>> To put it differently, any shilling that Government spends to mitigate
>> the risks of fake news in whatsapp or Facebook (e.g. buying ads to push
>> correct position) is a subsidy paid to Facebook and Whatsapp. This is money
>> that could have gone to health sector to buy medicine, sanitation for clean
>> water or agriculture for food security. Instead it goes to fix a problem
>> created by an entity that has net negative value to the economy. Not all
>> innovation is good or beneficial!
>>
>> How to tax Silicon valley business models: Use the same metrics investors
>> use:
>> 1. Estimated number of users /  downloads
>> 2. Risk / benefit factor (e.g. security risks or impact on jobs/wages)
>> 3. Valuation (funds raised)
>>
>> Silicon valley companies are designed to make losses for decades even as
>> they move massive amounts of money (literally avoiding taxes by exploiting
>> obsolete legislation). The real business they are in is the fundraising
>> business but that is under the tax radar.
>>
>> Signing off. Will check back later for updates.
>>
>> Patrick
>>
>>
>> On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, 2:45:18 PM GMT+3, Ebele Okobi via kictanet <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>>
>> This is a fascinating and very timely conversation. As I’m sure all can
>> imagine, I have many thoughts. 😁
>> I do have a question, first-how much revenue does WhatsApp derive from
>> Kenya?
>>
>> On Nov 6, 2018, at 7:45 AM, evelyne wanjiku via kictanet <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>> Dear All,
>>
>> In suppport of Mr. Patrick Mainas Maina's input.
>>
>> The government needs to consider taxing the platforms. This is because
>> they make money from us trade in our data and the revenue genereted
>> benefits their countries and not ours given that they do not pay taxes
>> here. This has been considered in Europe. In africa however, no country can
>> apply this taxes on its own due to our 'economically colonised' position
>> our countries find ourselves in. This means that the easiest option for our
>> government becomes the easy route which is taxing the end user. This is
>> counterproductive especially for those who use social media for productive
>> activities. Therefore only a united african front would be succesful in
>> getting these giants to pay up and keep our governments from considering
>> taxing citizens. It is also important to consider that calls made on
>> whatsapp, skype,viber cost less. This means that there is revenue reduction
>> for the companies providing voice services. Considering that these
>> companies are locally based and pay taxes to our government, why should
>> their revenue be reduced by services that do not pay taxes to us? I suppose
>> this is the logic used by countries like the UAE that block the use of
>> whatsapp to make calls whithin their borders.
>>
>> As for the ability of whatsapp to cause chaos, this is true and has been
>> proven and whatsapp itself has acknowlegded this fact in countries like
>> India and Pakistan. These are countries where fake news and inflammatory
>> messages delivered mainly through whatsapp have led to chaos that have led
>> to deaths of many people.  Whatsapp has responded by putting in measures to
>> ensure that such spread of hate news can be controlled from their end.
>> Whatsapp also remains open open to suggestions as to how this can be
>> contolled and is actively leading research in this area.
>>
>> The question therefore should be, should we leave Whatsapp to be in
>> charge of what is transfered on their platform and the consequences that
>> follow?  Should government have a role in monitoring how whatsapp is being
>> used for harmful activities. Overall what is the role of government and the
>> various platforms in ensuring this platform and others are used responsibly?
>>
>> Good day to all
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, 3:44:22 AM GMT+3, Francis Monyango via
>> kictanet <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>>
>> Morning Mr Patrick Maina,
>>
>> You mention how messaging apps facilitate fake news, crime and other
>> things. You also lay peace,development on a scale versus human rights such
>> as free speech and privacy.
>> Sir, it is good to be objective and factual. Last year Kenya had 10
>> months of hot politics. Research shows that the Kenyan authorities did not
>> attempt to control, disrupt or shutdown the internet. Hence this tired line
>> of the country going into flames because of the internet (messaging apps)
>> doesn't hold any weight. The number of Kenyan users of these messaging apps
>> and other factors such as social class of users, bots affect the impact of
>> the internet in democratic transitions. The broadcast media shut down in
>> January should tell which communication medium has more impact on the
>> Kenyan society. 😉
>>
>> I believe your intention was to state why companies that offer over the
>> top services should pay taxes here. That is a different argument all
>> together with a different set of facts unless you are advocating for a
>> blanket over the top tax to be paid by users to avoid 'spread of gossip and
>> lies' just like in Uganda.
>>
>>
>> On Fri, 2 Nov 2018, 13:26 Patrick A. M. Maina via kictanet, <
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>> These messaging apps facilitate fake news, crime, foreign meddling (to
>> subvert democracy), brainwashing and hate speech on a massive scale. We
>> know this for a fact.
>>
>> So as citizens and stakeholders in our country, we need to ask: what do
>> we value more, is it things that improve peace, stability, economic
>> development and democracy, OR, is it some utopian, unbounded notion of free
>> speech and privacy that is disconnected from our contextual reality (e.g.
>> protects criminals, malicious defamers and violence mongers in equal
>> proportion as law abiding citizens)?
>>
>> The companies running these uncontrolled messaging platforms will not be
>> impacted if our country goes up in flames. They cost governments tons of
>> money in maintaining internal security (especially during democratic
>> transitions - sometimes to existential levels) yet they don't pay any
>> taxes... and mark you, they are *billion dollar* companies! This also means
>> that funds that ought to have bought, say, medicine to save lives gets
>> diverted to fix an *imported problem* with no path to holding the parent
>> company accountable for damage caused.
>>
>> Gok needs to modernize our tax laws, which currently are based on the
>> traditional "for profit" enterprise model and thus out of touch with
>> Silicon Valley's "make losses by design" model. The basic assumption that
>> entrepreneurship is a profit oriented endeavour does not hold for Silicon
>> Valley VC subsidized companies. They are designed to operate as loss makers
>> for decades (but still move *massive* amounts of financial resources at
>> massive scale). This has the technical effect of *tax avoidance* because
>> massive profits *are* still being made by the offshore VCs - which denies
>> governments billions in taxes (despite imposing local burdens as
>> illustrated above).
>>
>>
>> A smart government would create modernized laws to tax VC funded Silicon
>> Valley companies e.g. on the basis of *funding rounds* and *valuations*
>> because this is their *real* business i.e. its how the investors intend to
>> make money from day one - and the primary reason they push for perpetual
>> losses!
>>
>> There should also be a turnover tax and VAT on online revenue earned in
>> Kenya by foreign billion dollar internet companies (e.g. advertisement
>> revenue and appstore revenue), to level the tax playing field for local
>> businesses. Similar to what other countries like the UK are working on:
>>
>> https://www.wired.co.uk/article/facebook-uk-tax-bill
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.wired.co.uk_article_facebook-2Duk-2Dtax-2Dbill&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=JpThF3QS5XBibcjJ1Aylg-RSK6s4MaGJtnzz9ILzC9k&e=>
>>
>> CA will obviously have a hard time monitoring and enforcing though, under
>> the current traditional framework due to technical barriers (e.g.
>> encryption) and also due to jurisdictional challenges.
>>
>> So the other thing that CA really needs to do once the rules are set is
>> to consider blocking non-compliant foreign apps completely at ISP level
>> (especially now that political temperatures are cool and people and
>> thinking clearly). Lets have local startups filling any gaps with copycat
>> apps China-style.
>>
>> To be clear, I support free speech and privacy. But I also support peace,
>> stability, safe neighbourhoods, democracy, sovereignty and economic
>> predictability!
>>
>> A delicate balance is needed to maximise the rights of law abiding
>> citizens while minimising the ability of those with evil intent to exploit
>> basic rights in order to harm the innocent.
>>
>> Good day.
>> Patrick.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Thursday, November 1, 2018, 11:00:44 PM GMT+3, Grace Githaiga via
>> kictanet <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote:
>>
>>
>> Kenya is considering regulating online services such as WhatsApp and
>> Skype in a radical move that could force the internet-based service
>> providers to share data with the government.
>>
>> The Communications Authority of Kenya (CA) is in search of a consultant
>> to study and determine how the so-called over-the-top services (OTTS)
>> operated by groups such as Facebook, which runs WhatsApp, and Skype owner
>> Microsoft, could be regulated.
>> Read on:
>> https://www.nation.co.ke/business/Telcos-regulator-seeks-to-monitor-WhatsApp/996-4833020-fn9u7s/index.html
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nation.co.ke_business_Telcos-2Dregulator-2Dseeks-2Dto-2Dmonitor-2DWhatsApp_996-2D4833020-2Dfn9u7s_index.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=cndeiTd4wVC4D6EsU4xGNLbSnmIyYUhzbfcRXK3rLjQ&e=>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Best regards
>>
>>
>> Githaiga, Grace
>>
>>
>> Co-Convenor
>> Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)
>> Twitter:@ggithaiga
>> Tel: 254722701495
>> Skype: gracegithaiga
>> Alternate email: ggithaiga at hotmail.com
>> Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gracegithaiga
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>>
>> "Change only happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged and
>> come together to demand it. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability
>> to bring about change – but in yours"---Barrack Obama.
>>
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
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>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
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>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>> Domain Registration sponsored by www.eacdirectory.co.ke
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.eacdirectory.co.ke&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=jsxV5h9wr2npUXvOvrAP1oKjq9oI8w08NspM1BHiIfg&s=AViqNju2PHhsvEjWj-K_Y7dzneMADC0zDHdLttFBJjc&e=>
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>>
>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=U-h1W4knvh0NJh7p73pS8rMv0ubC1RhB6MD8UG6SXLU&e=
>> Twitter:
>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_kictanet&d=DwICAg&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=t74BOKebo761FiLlF3RuH-SUnKGeYceUv24Gp4-Sj5E&s=mplMB4tf76okj5VQPZjzbT9iXcMSNP-1WROWGq384XM&e=
>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>> Domain Registration sponsored by
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__lists.kictanet.or.ke_mailman_listinfo_kictanet&d=DwMFaQ&c=5VD0RTtNlTh3ycd41b3MUw&r=ArvepG4_wcNu_X9xi3nb_Xa9WsGLVfmK6mwPdVONOTE&m=jsxV5h9wr2npUXvOvrAP1oKjq9oI8w08NspM1BHiIfg&s=E1zpcHyFEDk6jSQ6Y8YupKkkl0pXLsoL5dZ5nKSjX3g&e=>
>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
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>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>> Domain Registration sponsored by www.eacdirectory.co.ke
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>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> kictanet mailing list
>> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
>> Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet
>> Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/
>> Domain Registration sponsored by www.eacdirectory.co.ke
>>
>> Unsubscribe or change your options at
>> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/bhaves.shah%40jabjabgroup.com
>>
>> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform
>> for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and
>> regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
>> sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>>
>> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors
>> online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth,
>> share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do
>> not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
>>
>>
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