[kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's Digital Migration Ruling
Mark Elkins
mje at posix.co.za
Fri Dec 27 11:28:28 EAT 2013
On Thu, 2013-12-26 at 21:49 +0000, Omo, John wrote:
> Thanks Steve,
> The question you raise to Mr Wambua has been answered on this thread:
> there is currently not enough spectrum to licence a third operator .
I don't understand the "not enough spectrum" position. Technically
speaking,
1 - with Analogue switched off - there will be more unused spectrum. I'm
sure plans are being made as to how it will be used though.
2 - The two licensed holders presumably have enough spectrum to both
distribute and broadcast all current TV stations - plus many, many
more..
I guess the issue is TV signal producers (content) would rather
distribute and broadcast (control) their own signal rather than enrich
and be held hostage (unknown performance/censored) by a third party?
That's a familiar argument.
> Let me attempt a layman's answer to your second question. Many an
> Editor/Correspondent from the so called mainstream media are on this
> list. Their silence on such a topical issue is telling of one of the
> major ills besseting our media industry: one way- (as opposed to what
> I call discourse-) journalism. One way journalism prefers to give
> information in/on its own way/terms but quite shy in hard-talk
> engagement.
> When you dialogue with some of our Editors, they bemoan the loss of
> professionalism, largely due to 'censorship from inside'. Many of what
> they would write on such a 'sensitive' issue is 'edited' by a non
> editor sitting much higher up. The irony is that this is part of what
> is killing the mainstream media. Engaged viewer/reader-ship has little
> or no time for a 130-paged newspaper, or some evening outdated screen
> verbiage.
> I do this in my private capacity from my Land's end village with no TV
> signals and does not receive 130-paged newspapers. We though envision
> additional community ICT centres around schools and the only one
> available is over stretched.
> Omo
>
> From: Collins Areba | Tel +254 707 750 788 | twitter @brainiacKE
> [mailto:arebacollins at gmail.com]
> Sent: Thursday, December 26, 2013 11:19 PM
> To: Omo, John
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs; KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions
> <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's Digital
> Migration Ruling
>
>
> @wambua,
> I guess my question is on the issue of the 3rd signal distibution
> license.. Why not award it to the players crying foul and asking for
> it? Might it be because the two awardees could not survive without
> content from these players if they focused their content on their own
> distribution network? Might that explain why Digital migration has not
> taken off as effectively (because it lacks prime movers).
>
>
> and to the Media Houses..
> Were you soo sure you would win on an extended technicality that the
> ruling caught you off guard? at what point were you planning to shift
> focus from protecting turf to getting into the formidable arena of
> competing in a crowded arena?
>
>
> On Thu, Dec 26, 2013 at 11:02 PM, Bernard Kioko [Bernsoft Group]
> <bkioko at bernsoft.com> wrote:
> Wambua,
>
>
>
> I see stations now scrolling messages and one saying they are
> not against the migration and in fact they support it, and
> that their concern is “…not enough set top boxes have been
> acquired or that adequate stocks are available for acquisition
> by viewers”.
>
> I only wish they started scrolling this a month ago…
>
>
>
> What is you comment on this statement currently scrolling on
> screens?
>
>
>
> Regards
>
>
>
> From: kictanet [mailto:kictanet-bounces
> +bkioko=bernsoft.com at lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of
> Wambua, Christopher
> Sent: Thursday, December 26, 2013 10:21 PM
> To: bkioko at bernsoft.com
>
>
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs; KICTAnet ICT Policy
> Discussions
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
>
>
> Because of frequency spectrum limitations.
>
>
> Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.
>
> From:Watila Alex
>
>
> Sent:Thursday, 26 December 2013 21:56 PM
>
>
> To:Wambua, Christopher
>
>
> Reply To:awatila at yahoo.co.uk
>
>
> Cc:Consumer and Public Affairs; KICTAnet ICT Policy
> Discussions
>
>
> Subject:Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
>
>
>
>
>
>
> why was the number of signal distributors limited to two?
> --
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>
>
>
>
>
> ______________________________________________________________
> From: Wambua, Christopher <Wambua at cck.go.ke>;
> To: <awatila at yahoo.co.uk>;
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs <CPA at cck.go.ke>; KICTAnet ICT
> Policy Discussions <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>;
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
> Sent: Thu, Dec 26, 2013 6:43:55 PM
>
>
>
>
> The tender for the 2nd signal distribution licence was an open
> one. And indeed some of the local media set up a consortium
> through which they submitted a bid. Their bid was however
> unsuccessful.
>
>
>
>
>
> If they had put in an attractive bid, they could have improved
> their chances of winning. Even if CCK were to float another
> tender for signal distribution restricted only to local firms,
> interested companies would have to compete for the licence.
> Firms that submit poor bids would still lose.
>
>
>
>
>
> Local firms need to improve their capacity in responding to
> government tenders. If they don't, they will continue losing
> out to international firms even in businesses where they have
> proven expertise.
>
>
>
>
>
> Wambua
>
>
>
>
>
> Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.
>
> From:Watila Alex
>
>
> Sent:Thursday, 26 December 2013 21:22 PM
>
>
> To:Ngigi Waithaka
>
>
> Reply To:awatila at yahoo.co.uk
>
>
> Cc:Consumer and Public Affairs; KICTAnet ICT Policy
> Discussions
>
>
> Subject:Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
>
>
>
>
>
> i think their major compliant is the limiting of the number of
> signal distributors. they had hoped to also be signal
> distributors
>
> --
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>
>
>
>
>
> ______________________________________________________________
> From: Ngigi Waithaka <ngigi at at.co.ke>;
> To: <awatila at yahoo.co.uk>;
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs <CPA at cck.go.ke>; KICTAnet ICT
> Policy Discussions <kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke>;
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
> Sent: Thu, Dec 26, 2013 4:01:53 PM
>
>
>
>
> Quick one,
>
> Why would the media houses object to going Digital? Are there
> any advantages to remaining analog?
>
> While I support that the 2nd license ought to have gone to the
> Kenyan Consortium, I don't support us remaining on the analog
> broadcasting platform.
>
> For the uninitiated, Digital is equivalent to FM in radio
> while Analog takes you back to Short Wave radio. Good luck
> tuning that....
>
> Waithaka Ngigi
>
> Alliance Technologies
> Nairobi, Kenya
>
> www.A1.io
>
> On 26 Dec 2013 13:56, "Bernard Kioko [Bernsoft Group]"
> <bkioko at bernsoft.com> wrote:
>
> Ali,
>
>
>
> It’s no secret am for the digital migration.
>
>
>
> Sometime in 2006, a worldwide decision was taken to migrate to
> Digital by 17th June 2015. Kenya actively started this process
> in 2009. Many consultative meetings have been held (75
> according to CS Information). Of the 9yrs allocated for this
> transition, Kenya has already used up 7 doing rounds and
> entertaining selfish interests like we are seeing now. We have
> 2 to go on now if we are to meet this deadline. Question: When
> do these media houses feel is the right time to move?
>
>
>
> These media houses were running in 2006….2009 … 2013… so their
> inability to appropriately plan to migrate should not be used
> to hold the country against the development and opportunities
> that Digital broadcasting brings to the people of Kenya.
>
>
>
> What I find distasteful in their argument is that Nairobians
> need more time to acquire these devices. CCK had a clear
> awareness campaign which involved running advertisements
> informing Nairobians of this switch over and the need to
> purchase settop boxes. These media houses found it ideal to
> refuse to run these advertisements – even though CCK was going
> to pay for the advertisements.
>
>
>
> Secondly, It was these media houses that asked that the
> deadline be moved to December instead of August as CCK had
> wanted. Instead of supporting their own December date, they
> rushed to court to make an effort to block the migration. A
> judge has made a decision and I appreciate that they have a
> right to the appeal – but what was the need to maliciously
> deceive Kenyans that they have been switched off? They were
> transmitting. When DSTV and Zuku took them off their bouquets
> the game changed abit of course! What is the reason they
> resumed their broadcast? Did CCK change any terms?
>
>
>
> If you watched the CS explain his frustrations with these
> media houses, then you can understand more why we must not
> allow them to hold us ransom.
>
>
>
> BTW, it needs to be noted that there are no technical issues
> around the media houses being able to broadcast digitally.
> They are all currently technically able to broadcast.
>
>
>
> Just like they resisted having their print newspaper on the
> Internet – and were eventually forced to, they will need to
> understand that Digital Broadcasting is technology they have
> no choice but to embrace.
>
>
>
> Regards
>
>
>
> PS: I wish they were telling CCK, we will comply with Digital
> broadcast fully right now, but allow us to stay on the analog
> for another 3 months so that we are available on both analog
> and digital for that period. That to me would be a slightly
> reasonable bargaining point.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> From: kictanet [mailto:kictanet-bounces
> +bkioko=bernsoft.com at lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of Ali
> Hussein
> Sent: Thursday, December 26, 2013 1:16 PM
> To: bkioko at bernsoft.com
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs; kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest Majanja's
> Digital Migration Ruling
>
>
>
>
> @Wambua
>
>
>
>
>
> Thanks for that information. If that is the case then the
> media houses are definitely not acting in good faith. I
> suspect though that there may be an issue of who controls
> what..which in my opinion is shortsighted. I stand corrected
> in my assertions then.
>
>
>
>
>
> @ICT Researcher, what in your view is my stand? I'm simply
> making my personal assertions on this issue. We can of course
> agree to disagree.
>
> Ali Hussein
>
>
>
>
>
> +254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113
>
>
>
>
>
> "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The
> world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
>
>
>
>
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
>
>
> On Dec 26, 2013, at 1:03 PM, "Wambua, Christopher"
> <Wambua at cck.go.ke> wrote:
>
>
> Ali,
>
>
>
>
>
> I know that the government has on a number of
> occasions offered to offload some shares in Signet to
> interested media houses.
>
>
>
>
>
> Instead of taking up the offer, the media houses have
> instead persisted in their clamour to be issued with
> the third signal distribution licence.
>
>
>
>
>
> Is this insistence in the interest of optimal use of
> frequency spectrum resources?
>
>
> Sent from my BlackBerry 10 smartphone.
>
> From: Ali Hussein
>
>
> Sent: Thursday, 26 December 2013 12:29 PM
>
>
> To: ICT Researcher
>
>
> Cc: Consumer and Public Affairs;
> kictanet at lists.kictanet.or.ke
>
>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] 3 Media houses protest
> Majanja's Digital Migration Ruling
>
>
>
>
>
> @ Ohaga, ICT Researcher
>
>
>
>
>
> Lest we forget
>
>
>
>
>
> 1. http://www.cio.co.ke/news/main-stories/cck-caught-in-surprise-cabinet-secretary-directive-to-issue-3rd-digital-tv-signal-licence#
>
>
>
>
>
> 2. http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/KBC-set-for-split-as-State-registers-Signet-subsidiary--/-/539550/1384608/-/m5c6khz/-/index.html
>
>
>
>
>
> The issue guys isn't whether the media houses are
> right or wrong. Digital Migration is a foregone
> conclusion. The issues is how we make policy in this
> country on ICT issues. And this is not a reference to
> the current administration. This is a blanket
> discussion on the last 15 years to date.
>
>
>
>
>
> Admittedly good things have happened and that is why
> this country has progressed to where we are. There is
> a lot to celebrate but there is also a lot to be done.
>
>
>
>
>
> The digital migration ought from the onset (and I say
> this with a straight face and no shame at all) to have
> been skewed towards local media houses as a matter of
> course. In fact the first CIO article I mentioned
> above (see the link) seemed to have alluded to the
> fact that the ministry had realized its error and
> decided to award a 3rd digital license to local media
> houses...then poof! Something happened again and the
> decision was rescinded.
>
>
>
>
>
> Ohaga, forgive me for being underwhelmed by the
> Government's awarding a digital platform license to
> KBC. No one on this list can deny the fact that KBC is
> a shadow of itself (if ever it was a whole being).
> Even its mandate of being the Government's mouthpiece
> is not being fulfilled. So why waste such a
> strategically important asset to it?
>
>
>
>
>
> The second article in the business daily alludes to
> the fact that the AG registered Signet as a separate
> entity from KBC. That is as it should be. I wonder
> where that process is at...in fact I will be daring
> enough to say that Signet should be reconfigured and
> shares offered to the local media houses so that there
> is ownership of the local content producers. This is
> the prudent thing to do. After all why offer a share
> of Signet to DSTV (which is owned by Naspers of South
> Africa) and not to other media houses?
>
>
>
>
>
> Lastly I would like to address the issue of policy
> making and regulation. I'm not a lawyer but a simple
> explanation:-
>
>
>
>
>
> The policy maker decides what the regulations should
> be and passes the laws implementing the regulations.
> The government regulator enforces those regulations.
>
>
>
>
>
> This issue has been addressed before by different
> listers on the list. I humbly submit that the lines
> here are very blurred in government as to who shapes
> policy and who regulates. I think its time someone
> took the bull by its horns and does what needs to be
> done.
>
>
>
>
> Ali Hussein
>
>
>
>
>
> +254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113
>
>
>
>
>
> "I fear the day technology will surpass human
> interaction. The world will have a generation of
> idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
>
>
>
>
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
>
>
> On Dec 26, 2013, at 11:03 AM, ICT Researcher
> <ict.researcher at yahoo.com> wrote:
>
>
>
> i.e. one fails to understand what new
> arguement is, beyond all those dealt with on
> judgement at:
> http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/93274/
>
> Commeding Kenyalaw.org people for opening up
> court decisions to the public, without which
> we used to argue on third parties' opinions,
> views, hearsy, innuendos etc...
>
> ------------------------------
> On Thu, Dec 26, 2013 8:38 AM MSK ICT
> Researcher wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> -2 @Ali -1 @Ngigi -1
>
>
>
>
>
> -------------------------------
>
> On Thu, Dec 26, 2013 12:04 AM MSK S.M.
> Muraya wrote:
>
>
>
> +1 @Ali +1 @Ngigi +1
>
>
>
>
>
> Regards
>
>
>
> Murigi / Stanley Muraya
>
>
>
> *"Better a patient person than
> a warrior, one with
> self-control than one
>
> who takes a city." Prov 16:32*
>
>
>
>
>
> On Wed, Dec 25, 2013 at 10:27
> AM, Ngigi Waithaka
> <ngigi at at.co.ke> wrote:
>
>
>
> This is the same corruption
> issues disguised as
> 'competitive' tender...
>
>
>
> Look at it this way, you want
> Kenya's airwaves to be
> digital. On one hand
>
> you get a national parastatal
> which performs below average
> on the other
>
> hand a foreign company.
>
>
>
> We all know KBC wouldn't
> perform, so we will have our
> key national
>
> broadcast handled by a foreign
> firm. If some guy in China
> pushes a certain
>
> button, we could get a
> complete news blackout. Is
> that not a serious
>
> security risk that ought to
> have mitigated against during
> the bid
>
> requirements stage?
>
>
>
> Now my hypothesis, the Chinese
> got this since the ones
> handling the tender
>
> could not get kickbacks from
> either KBC nor from the Kenyan
> consortium that
>
> generally operates in an
> industry where they dont have
> to pay kickbacks.
>
> With the incoming new
> government the ones handling
> the tender, had to line
>
> their pockets quick. Damn
> national interests!
>
>
>
> But, we are where we are and
> them TV stations have been
> down for a number
>
> of days, interestlingly enough
> I havent noticed!
>
>
>
> Merry Xmas.
>
>
>
> Waithaka Ngigi
>
>
>
> Alliance Technologies
>
> Nairobi, Kenya
>
>
>
> www.A1.io
>
> On 25 Dec 2013 07:32, "Ali
> Hussein" <ali at hussein.me.ke>
> wrote:
>
>
>
> Wambua
>
>
>
> The issue I raise is beyond
> 'competitive bidding issues'.
>
>
>
> Try owning digital signals in
> China, US or Europe if you are
> a foreign
>
> company. Why is it that we
> think that 'free markets' are
> only 'free' when
>
> African countries are
> involved?
>
>
>
> History is littered with local
> protectionism for certain
> industries. In
>
> fact China and Japan are the
> biggest examples of this. Way
> do we see it fit
>
> to just give away our Crown
> Jewels in the guise of free
> and competitive
>
> bidding?
>
>
>
> I understand that this may be
> beyond CCK's pay grade and
> should actually
>
> be addressed to policy
> makers...
>
>
>
> Ali Hussein
>
>
>
> +254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113
>
>
>
> "I fear the day technology
> will surpass human
> interaction. The world will
>
> have a generation of idiots".
> ~ Albert Einstein
>
>
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
>
>
> On Dec 24, 2013, at 6:41 PM,
> Bernard Kioko
> <bkioko at bernsoft.com> wrote:
>
>
>
> They can't share or come out
> like he just did. Theirs is
> not based on
>
> honesty and valid reasons. The
> use of court is so they can
> hide behind
>
> legal technicalities.
>
>
>
> The CS said he has been
> available for dialog but they
> go chest thumb and
>
> threatening.
>
>
>
> If they had any previous
> effort towards educating
> consumer they would
>
> hold moral authority in my
> space. Refusing to air paid
> adverts by cck....I
>
> say very irresponsible.
>
>
>
> sad though.
>
> On 24 Dec 2013 18:35,
> "Walubengo J"
> <jwalu at yahoo.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> @Wambua
>
>
>
> jst seen the CS
> breathing fire on
> K24 on this matter. It
> looks like
>
> this fight is moving
> from the courts into
> the public space. It
> sounds like
>
> its going to be looong
> and bloody. Ave heard
> from the Govt side, I
> wonder
>
> what the Media house
> side is...they are all
> here on KICTAnet and I
> wish
>
> they would freely
> share their view
> -outside the
> constraints of a court
> case.
>
>
>
> One good outcome of
> the blackout from NTV,
> KTN and Citizen is the
>
> discovery of KBC and
> KT24...had forgotten
> they exist :-)
>
>
>
> walu.
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> On Tue, Dec 24, 2013
> 4:39 PM AST (Arabian)
> Wambua, Christopher
> wrote:
>
>
>
> Bernard,
>
>
>
> CCK has not
> issued a third
> licence for
> digital signal
> distribution.
>
>
>
> Christopher
> Wambua
>
> Manager -
> Communications
>
> Consumer and
> Public Affairs
> Department
>
> Communications
> Commission of
> Kenya
>
> P.O. Box 14448
> NAIROBI 00800
>
> Tel: +254 20
> 4242209
>
> info at cck.go.ke<mailto:info at cck.go.ke>
>
> www.cck.go.ke<http://www.cck.go.ke>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> From: Bernard
> Kioko
> [Bernsoft
> Group]
> [mailto:bkioko at bernsoft.com]
>
> Sent: Tuesday,
> December 24,
> 2013 4:35 PM
>
> To: Wambua,
> Christopher
>
> Cc: Consumer
> and Public
> Affairs;
> 'KICTAnet ICT
> Policy
> Discussions'
>
> Subject: RE:
> [kictanet] 3
> Media houses
> protest
> Majanja's
> Digital
>
> Migration Ruling
>
>
>
> Christopher,
>
>
>
> I am an ardent
> supporter of
> the migration
> but I need to
> ask.
>
>
>
> Have you
> issued any 3rd
> license to
> anyone?
>
>
>
> Regards
>
>
>
> From: kictanet
> [mailto:kictanet-bounces+bkioko=
>
> bernsoft.com at lists.kictanet.or.ke]<mailto:[mailto:
>
> kictanet-bounces
> +bkioko=bernsoft.com at lists.kictanet.or.ke]> On Behalf
>
> Of Wambua, Christopher
>
> Sent: Tuesday,
> December 24,
> 2013 12:54 PM
>
> To:
> bkioko at bernsoft.com<mailto:bkioko at bernsoft.com>
>
> Cc: Consumer
> and Public
> Affairs;
> KICTAnet ICT
> Policy
> Discussions
>
> Subject: Re:
> [kictanet] 3
> Media houses
> protest
> Majanja's
> Digital
>
> Migration Ruling
>
> Importance:
> High
>
>
>
> You will
> recall that
> the 2nd
> licence for
> digital
> broadcasting
> signal
>
> distribution was
> issued out
> competitively through
> an open tender. Some
> of
>
> the local media houses
> expressed interest in
> the tender but lost
> out to the
>
> licence by the
> Pan-Africa Network
> Group in an open and
> transparent
>
> tendering process.
> They subsequently
> lodged an appeal to
> the Public
>
> Procurement Oversight
> Authority (PPOA) which
> was dismissed as
> lacking any
>
> merit.
>
>
>
> The two firms
> have set up
> digital
> platforms in
> Nairobi and
> other major
>
> towns in country to
> support the migration
> from analogue to
> digital TV
>
> broadcasting. The
> issue of awarding the
> licences to a Chinese
> firm and a
>
> subsidiary of a firm
> on its deathbed is
> therefore a non-issue.
>
>
>
> Best regards
>
>
>
> Christopher
> Wambua
>
> Manager -
> Communications
>
> Consumer and
> Public Affairs
> Department
>
> Communications
> Commission of
> Kenya
>
> P.O. Box 14448
> NAIROBI 00800
>
> Tel: +254 20
> 4242209
>
> info at cck.go.ke<mailto:info at cck.go.ke>
>
> www.cck.go.ke<http://www.cck.go.ke>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> From: kictanet
> [mailto:kictanet-bounces+wambua=
>
> cck.go.ke at lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of Kivuva
>
> Sent: Tuesday,
> December 24,
> 2013 12:25 PM
>
> To: Wambua,
> Christopher
>
> Cc: KICTAnet
> ICT Policy
> Discussions
>
> Subject: Re:
> [kictanet] 3
> Media houses
> protest
> Majanja's
> Digital
>
> Migration Ruling
>
>
>
> On 23 December
> 2013 19:01,
> Ali Hussein
> <ali at hussein.me.ke<mailto:
>
> ali at hussein.me.ke>
> wrote:
>
> Brinkmanship.
>
>
>
> To be fair
> though I can't
> help thinking
> how skewed we
> are as a
> country
>
> that the two digital
> signals are:-
>
>
>
> 1. Controlled
> by a Chinese
> company
>
> 2. Controlled
> by a defunct
> media company
> that is at its
> death bed..
>
>
>
> +1 Ali
>
>
>
> Capital flight
> is a KILLER of
> any economy.
>
>
>
>
>
> Where have we
> go we wrong?
>
> Ali Hussein
>
>
>
> +254 0770
> 906375 / 0713
> 601113
>
>
>
> "I fear the
> day technology
> will surpass
> human
> interaction.
> The world
>
> <
> ...
>
> [Message clipped]
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>
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>
> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder
> platform for people and institutions interested and involved
> in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a
> catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the
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>
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>
> --
> “The twentieth century has been characterized by three developments of
> great political importance: the growth of democracy, the growth of
> corporate power, and the growth of corporate propaganda as a means of
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>
> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development.
>
> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
--
. . ___. .__ Posix Systems - (South) Africa
/| /| / /__ mje at posix.co.za - Mark J Elkins, Cisco CCIE
/ |/ |ARK \_/ /__ LKINS Tel: +27 12 807 0590 Cell: +27 82 601 0496
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